Brazil strikes deal with Musk's Starlink to curb criminal use in the Amazon rainforest

Key Points

• Brazil’s Federal Prosecutor’s Office struck a first-of-its-kind deal with Starlink to require ID and proof of residence from all new users in the Amazon starting January and to share user registration and geolocation data with authorities.
• Under the two-year agreement, Starlink will block any terminal confirmed to be used for illegal activities, including coordinating logistics for illegal mining and payments.
• High-speed satellite internet has enabled criminal organizations to manage remote illegal gold mining operations in the Amazon, contaminating rivers with mercury and disrupting Indigenous tribes.
• Brazilian environmental officials say cutting satellite signals in protected areas is essential to restore enforcement effectiveness and safeguard Indigenous lands.

Brasilia, BRAZIL (AP) — Brazil’s Federal Prosecutor’s Office announced Friday a deal with Elon Musk’s Starlink to curb the use of its services in illegal mining and other criminal activities in the Amazon.

Starlink’s lightweight, high-speed internet system has rapidly spread across the Amazon, a region that for decades struggled with slow and unreliable connectivity. But the service has also been adopted by criminal organizations, which have used it to coordinate logistics, make payments and receive alerts about police raids.

It's the first agreement of its kind aimed at curbing such use following years of pressure from Brazilian authorities.

Starlink, a division of Musk's SpaceX, will begin requiring identification and proof of residence from all new users in Brazil’s Amazon region starting in January. The company will also provide Brazilian authorities with user registration and geolocation data for internet units located in areas under investigation.

If a terminal is confirmed to be used for illegal activity, Starlink has committed to blocking the service. The deal is for two years and can be renewed.

Illegal gold mining has contaminated hundreds of miles of Amazon rivers with mercury and disrupted the traditional lives of several Indigenous tribes, including the Yanomami. Starlink, which first arrived in the region in 2022, has enabled criminal groups to manage mining operations in remote areas, where logistics are complex and equipment and fuel must be transported by small plane or boat.

“The use of satellite internet has transformed the logistics of illegal mining. This new reality demands a proportional legal response. With the agreement, connectivity in remote areas also becomes a tool for environmental responsibility and respect for sovereignty,” federal prosecutor André Porreca said in a statement.

Illegal gold miners and loggers have always had some form of communication, mainly via radio, to evade law enforcement. Starlink, with its fast and mobile internet, has significantly enhanced that capability, Hugo Loss, operations coordinator for Brazil’s environmental agency, told The Associated Press in a phone interview.

“They’ve been able to transmit in real time the locations of enforcement teams, allowing them to anticipate our arrival, which seriously compromises the safety of our personnel and undermines the effectiveness of operations,” Loss said. “Cutting the signal in mining areas, especially on Indigenous lands and in protected areas, is essential because internet access in these locations serves only criminal purposes.”

Jair Schmitt, head of environmental protection for the agency, said what’s also needed is tighter regulation on the sale and use of such equipment.

The AP emailed James Gleeson, SpaceX’s vice president of communications, with questions about the deal, but didn't immediately receive a response.

___

The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.