Insteel Industries Q4 2025 Earnings Report

Insteel Industries EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.74
• Consensus EPS: $0.75
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.01
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Insteel Industries Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $177.44 million
• Expected Revenue: $179.40 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$1.96 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Insteel Industries Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2025
• Date: 10/16/2025
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, October 16, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 10:00AM ET

Insteel Industries (NYSE:IIIN) is a leading manufacturer of steel wire reinforcing products used in concrete construction. The company specializes in the design, fabrication and distribution of welded-wire reinforcement, cut-and-bent reinforcement and related accessories for concrete walls, floors and columns. Its products are employed across residential, commercial and infrastructure projects, providing structural strength and dimensional stability in poured concrete applications.

Key product lines include truss mats—prefabricated, ladder-like assemblies of welded wire designed for rapid placement—and custom cut-and-bent wire assemblies that meet specific engineering requirements. Insteel’s manufacturing process combines automated wire drawing, precise bending and welding operations, and quality control testing to ensure compliance with industry standards. The company supports its customers through a network of regional distribution centers, helping to streamline delivery schedules and reduce jobsite handling.

Founded in 1970 and headquartered in Mount Airy, North Carolina, Insteel Industries has grown from a single plant operation into a multi-location manufacturer with facilities strategically located throughout the United States. Its geographic footprint allows the company to serve contractors, precasters and ready-mix producers in diverse markets, including the Southeast, Midwest and Gulf Coast regions. Over the decades, Insteel has expanded its capacity through targeted investments in equipment and technology, reinforcing its position in the steel reinforcement industry.

Under the leadership of D. Harrison Clark, who serves as chairman and chief executive officer, Insteel Industries emphasizes product innovation, safety and customer service. The company’s management team focuses on operational efficiency, supply chain resilience and regulatory compliance to support steady growth and long-term value creation in the construction materials sector.

Insteel Industries Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Insteel delivered a strong fourth quarter with net earnings of $14.6 million (up from $4.7 million a year ago) and a 700 bps improvement in gross margin to 16.1%.
• Neutral Sentiment: Quarterly shipments rose 9.8% year-over-year but fell 5.8% sequentially, as residential construction remains a headwind while non-residential demand holds up.
• Negative Sentiment: Raw material supply has normalized with imports boosting inventories to 3.5 months of shipments, which could cause margin compression in Q1 under FIFO accounting.
• Positive Sentiment: The company ended the quarter debt-free with $38.6 million cash on hand and returned $24 million to shareholders through dividends and buybacks.
• Negative Sentiment: Ongoing trade policy uncertainties—most notably the 50% Section 232 tariffs on steel imports—continue to pressure raw material costs and market planning.

Presentation

[Moderator]

Good morning and thank you for attending the Insteel Industries Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. My name is [Brika] and I will be your moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call, with an opportunity for questions-and-answers at the end. I would now like to pass the conference over to your Mr. H, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer at Insteel Industries. Thank you. You may proceed.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Thank you, [Brika] Thank you for your interest in Insteel Industries, and welcome to our fourth quarter 2025 conference call, which will be conducted by Scot Jafroodi, our Vice President, CFO and Treasurer, and me. Before we begin, let me remind you that some of the comments made in our presentation are considered to be forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risk factors are described in our periodic filings with the SEC. The upturn in business activity that we reported previously continued during our fourth quarter, and our fiscal 2025 acquisitions performed well. While our ability to forecast future activity is limited, we see no evidence of a broad-based slowdown in our markets, although housing continues to lag significantly as it has all year.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

While the ongoing recovery of our markets is real, we are aware of uncertainties created by the administration's trade policies and from the economic cycle. I'll turn the call over to Scot to comment on our financial results, and following Scot's comments, I'll pick the call back up to discuss our business outlook.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

Thank you, H. And good morning to everyone joining us today. As noted in this morning's press release, we delivered a strong fourth quarter performance, supported by higher shipment volumes and a continued recovery in spreads between selling prices and raw material costs. Our net earnings rose to $14.6 million, or $0.74 per diluted share, compared to $4.7 million, or $0.24 per diluted share during the same period last year. Quarterly shipments increased 9.8% year-over-year, driven by contributions from our recent acquisitions and stronger demand across non-residential construction markets. On a sequential basis, shipments declined 5.8% from the third quarter. Supply constraints for steel wire rod, which we discussed during our third quarter call, eased gradually during the quarter, allowing us to better align production with customer demand and begin reducing lead times as we close out the quarter.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

That said, residential construction continues to be a headwind for volumes, with activity levels remaining subdued and has yet to show any meaningful signs of recovery. Average selling prices for the quarter rose 20.3% year-over-year and 4.7% sequentially from Q3, reflecting continued pricing momentum. As we discussed on our prior calls, the U.S. steel wire rod markets have remained tight through much of 2025, and the increase in Section 232 tariffs have added further upward pressure on raw material costs. As a result, wire rod prices have moved meaningfully higher since the start of the year. In response, we have implemented a series of price increases throughout fiscal 2023, including further adjustments at the beginning of the fourth quarter to help offset these higher costs and support our margins.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

Gross profit for the quarter rose $16.3 million year-over-year to $28.6 million, with gross margin improving by 700 basis points to 16.1%. The increase was largely attributed to wider spreads, as higher average selling prices more than offset the rise in raw material costs. As we discussed on previous calls, our results typically benefit during periods of strong demand and increasing steel wire rod prices, both from the timely execution of price adjustments to recover higher replacement costs and from the flow-through effect of lower cost inventory under our first in, first out accounting method. On a sequential basis, gross profit fell $2.2 million from the third quarter, and gross margin narrowed 100 basis points, reflecting lower shipments and a slight decline in spreads.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

SG&A expense for the quarter increased to $9.7 million, or 5.5% of net sales, compared to $7.5 million, or 5.6% of net sales in the prior year period. The year-over-year increase was driven primarily by a $1.3 million rise in compensation expense under our return on capital to base incentive plan, reflecting stronger financial performance in the current year. We also recorded an additional $300,000 in amortization expense related to intangible assets from our recent acquisitions, along with a $200,000 unfavorable year-over-year swing in the cash surrender value of life insurance policies. Our effective tax rate for the fourth quarter was 24.4%, up from 23% in the same period last year. The increase was mainly driven by changes in book tax differences and a true-up of state apportionment percentages. For the full year, our effective tax rate was 23.8%.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

Looking ahead to next year, we expect our effective rate will run around 23.5%, subject to the level of pre-tax earnings and other tax-related assumptions and estimates that compose our tax provision calculation. Moving to the cash flow statement and balance sheet, cash flow from operations used $17 million in the quarter, compared to providing $16.2 million last year. Net working capital used $37.4 million in cash in the fourth quarter, primarily reflecting an $18.6 million increase in inventories and a $23.4 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The increase in inventories was driven by the timing of raw material purchases and an increase in the average carrying value of inventory. The reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily reflects the timing of supplier payments.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

At the end of the quarter, our inventory position represented 3.5 months of shipments on a forward-looking basis, calculated off of our forecasted Q1 shipments, compared with 2.7 months at the end of the third quarter. As you may recall, inventories had fallen below desired levels in Q3 due to stronger shipment activity and limited steel wire rod availability from domestic suppliers. To address this, we supplemented supply in Q4 with offshore rod purchases, which allowed us to increase production and rebuild inventories. Looking ahead, we expect inventory to rise in the near term as additional import shipments are received before gradually normalizing as raw material purchasing volumes moderate in the coming months. Additionally, it's worth noting that our inventories at the end of the fourth quarter were valued at an average unit cost that was both higher than our beginning inventory balance and our Q4 cost of sales.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

As such, we could experience a margin compression during the first quarter as the higher cost materials are consumed, depending on our ability to push through additional price increases. We incurred $1.7 million in capital expenditures in the fourth quarter for a total of $8.2 million for the year, which is down $10.9 million from last year. Looking ahead to fiscal 2026, we expect capital expenditures to total $20 million, H will provide more detail on this topic in his remarks. In addition to our ongoing investments in the business, our financial strength has enabled us to continue returning capital to shareholders. In fiscal 2025, we returned $24 million through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. This included a $1 per share special cash dividend and four regular quarterly dividends, marking the eighth year out of the last 10 that we have paid the special dividend.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

We also repurchased approximately 76,000 shares of our common stock during fiscal 2025, representing $2.3 [billion] under our share buyback program. From a liquidity perspective, we ended the quarter with $38.6 million cash on hand and were debt-free with no borrowings outstanding on our $100 million revolving credit facility. Going forward, our capital deployment strategy will remain focused on three objectives: one, reinvesting in the business to drive growth and to improve our cost and productivity; two, maintaining the appropriate financial strength and flexibility; and three, returning capital to shareholders in a disciplined manner. Looking at the broader economic picture as we enter fiscal 2026, conditions remain mixed. Raw material availability has improved and demand across most non-residential markets is generally strong, though residential construction continues to lag.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

At the same time, macroeconomic uncertainty remains, and while potential rate cuts from the Federal Reserve could provide some support, we're approaching the year cautiously. On the demand side, we continue to monitor leading measures of non-residential construction activity. In August, the architectural billing index rose slightly to 47.2 from 46.2 in July, but remained below the 50 threshold signaling growth. Although fewer architectural firms reported declining billings compared to the prior month, the overall trend continues to point downward. Meanwhile, the Dodge Amendment Index showed continued strength and a healthy project pipeline, rising 3.4% in September and now up 33% year-to-date, driven by strong commercial construction planning activity, particularly in the data center development. In contrast, U.S. Dimension, as another proxy for construction activity, declined 2.2% year-over-year in June and are down 5.3% year-to-date, reflecting some underlying softness in the sector.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

Finally, the most recent available construction spending data from the U.S. Department of Commerce shows that through July, total spending on a seasonally adjusted basis was down about 3% from last year. Non-residential construction held relatively steady, while public highway and street construction, one of our major end markets, was essentially flat compared to a year ago. Even with a mixed demand backdrop, we're entering fiscal 2026 with solid momentum. The actions we took during the past year, including completing two acquisitions, consolidating our welded wire operations, and maintaining pricing discipline, have strengthened our position and improved our ability to adapt to changing market conditions. While we remain mindful of broader economic uncertainty, our focus on serving customers and executing on our key priorities give us confidence in our ability to manage near-term challenges and continue building long-term value for our shareholders. This concludes my prepared remarks.

[Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer at Insteel Industries]

I'll now turn the call back over to H.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Thank you, Scot. We noted a substantial acceleration of demand for concrete reinforcing products early in fiscal 2025 and commented that we expected the demand recovery to continue through the fiscal year. We're glad to confirm that the positive trend continued through our fourth fiscal quarter, giving us confidence that we should perform well for the balance of the calendar year. The accelerated pace of business we experienced over the past few months is not reflected in the broader macroeconomic indicators that are generally measured to measure the strength of the construction industry, but the demand recovery is nonetheless real. The confidence level of most customers and interactions between our salespeople and customers leads us to believe business conditions should remain reasonably robust into calendar 2026. As most of the people on this call are aware, housing is not a major driver of demand for Insteel.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

We estimate that about 15% of our revenues are derived directly from housing construction, with standard welded wire reinforcement and PC strand intended for slab-on-grade post-tension applications being the product lines most affected by this sector. Demand for new housing continues to be weak, and inventory of both materials and finished housing units is too high. With respect to finished housing units, we hear from customers that builders are experiencing the affordability problem created by higher material prices and interest rates that we've all read about, and that they are de-risking their businesses by reducing inventories. We hear that this process, which has been underway for quite a while, may run its course by the first of the year when volume begins to recover to more normal levels. Over the past several months, we have spent substantial time and resources understanding the administration's tariff plan.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

As with any conversation about tariffs, we can speak about what we know now, which may or may not be true tomorrow. As of now, we are affected by tariffs in two ways. First, the most significant tariff exposure we have is the Section 232 tariff on steel and aluminum, which is 50% of the value on all raw material imports purchased by Insteel. As a point of interest, the 50% Section 232 tariff also is applied to imports of PC strand under the derivative products provision. The 232 tariff has caused domestic steel prices to rise to levels that reflect the 50% tariff on imports, and predictably, imports have declined precipitously. This is particularly notable in the hot rolled wire rod segment of the steel industry, as it has been recently undersupplied domestically, making imports necessary for Insteel and other consumers.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

The increase in our networking capital for Q4 is largely attributable to imports of wire rod that were delivered during Q4, and additional quantities will be delivered in Q1 2026. These purchases were made because domestic sources could not or would not provide assurances that our needs would be covered and their price competitively after giving effect to the Section 232 tariff. You may recall last quarter, we expressed concern that the administration's proclamation doubling the Section 232 tariff to 50% may have diluted the effectiveness of the tariff with respect to imports of PC strand. Up to this point, we do not believe this has occurred, although we are requesting that the administration clarifies its expectation that the tariff is to be applied to the full customs value of imported PC strand.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Because the Department of Commerce statistics are offline during the government shutdown, we are unable to monitor the collection of tariffs applied to PC strand imports, but we will be active again as soon as services are restored. The second way we're affected by the administration's tariff policy is through our purchases of any imported goods that are subject to reciprocal tariffs, in addition to Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum. Practically all of our production equipment is imported, and purchases of spare parts, which are not discretionary, are subject to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs. The administration of the tariff regime largely falls on our suppliers, who must sort through the exposure to Section 232 and reciprocal tariffs for each part shipped to the U.S.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

I want to reiterate that only about 10% of Insteel's revenue base is directly affected by imports and therefore potentially subject to unintended consequences of the administration's tariff policy. This is not coincidental, as we've recognized the futility of competing in markets where imports constitute a major source of competition. Moving to acquisition activity, we continue to be pleased with the operation and results of our Upper Sandusky, Ohio facility that was acquired during Q1. Our Texas acquisition, while considerably smaller, has also yielded the expected benefits. While improvements are ongoing, we consider the integration of these operations to be complete and successful. Turning to CapEx, as mentioned in the release, we expect to invest approximately $20 million in our plants and information systems infrastructure during 2026.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

You can expect our investments to broaden our product offering, reduce our cash production costs, and enhance the robust nature of our information systems. Consistent with past practice, we will provide quarterly updates on our investment activities and expectations as the year progresses. Looking ahead, we're aware of the substantial risk related to the administration's tariff policies and the future performance of the U.S. economy. Regardless of developments in these areas, we are well positioned to pursue actions to maximize shipments and optimize our costs and pursue attractive growth opportunities, both organic and through acquisition. This concludes our prepared remarks, and we'll now take your questions. [Brika] would you please explain the procedure for asking questions?

[Moderator]

Of course. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If for any reason you would like to remove that question, please press star followed by the number two. To ask a question, please press star and the number one. As a reminder, if you are using a speakerphone, please remember to pick up your handset before asking a question. The first question we have comes from Julio Romero with Sidoti & Company. Your line is open.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Thanks. Hey, good morning, H and Scot.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Good morning.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Good morning, guys. To start on demand, it sounds like the confidence level of customers continues to be positive. In the last quarter, you mentioned your view that data center construction and infrastructure projects were kind of filling the gap from commercial and residential. Does that still stand the same today? Is there any incremental kind of data points or anecdotal points that have materialized since the last quarter that can better support that view?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

I think it continues to be the fact that the data center construction is filling a hole that has existed in other markets. Consistent with what we've said for many quarters, our view is not several months long. It's only several weeks long. We see the activity out there and we think it will continue. Our lead times remain compressed just by the nature of the industry.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Okay. Got it. That's helpful. On the raw material front, it sounds like the end of the quarter with 3.5 months of shipments of inventory. How would you describe the current supply of raw material? Would you describe it as normalized at this point, or is there still improvement to come?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

The first thing we want to do, Julio, is operate our plants effectively. During our fourth quarter, particularly at the beginning of our fourth quarter, we were unable to do that because of supply constraints. The quantities that we imported, we imported for a distinct reason, for distinct applications and at plants that were deficient in domestic supply. We are not surprised at all by where we stand, and we are not disappointed by where we stand, that we have what we need. The import market has changed somewhere, whereas we used to be able to buy 3,000 or 4,000 tons at a time. Those quantities have moved up just based on the origin and shipping costs that are associated with imports. All things considered, we are exactly where we thought we would be.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Okay. Got it. With a year under your belt for the Engineered Wire Products deal, I believe this month, any way you could have us think about the year-one contribution from EWP, whether it's on an earnings or margin or mixed basis? Secondly, H, as you've mentioned in the past, that acquisitions are made not really for year one, but with the longer term in mind, do you feel like the true synergies from EWP are still to come?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

We can't really calculate the exact impact of EWP at the Upper Sandusky site itself because a considerable amount of the output of Upper Sandusky has been moved to other Insteel production facilities that are better located to customers and suppliers than Upper Sandusky. That said, the financial performance of Upper Sandusky has been solid and exactly where we thought it would be. It has a very attractive product mix. It's a very effective manufacturer, and we're pleased as punch with that transaction.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Very helpful. Last one, I'll pass that on after this. You mentioned residential still remains soft. I think historically, you've described it as comprising around the 15% of sales range. You've acquired EWP, and it's obviously made up less of a portion of sales. I guess just if you could give us a sense of where that stands as a percentage of your mix.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yeah. Keep in mind that it's really difficult for us to pinpoint the exact end markets that our products go into. If you'll look back at my comment a few minutes ago, I referred to the direct impact of housing on our business. The indirect impact is infrastructure that goes into housing developments, streets, sanitary sewers, and storage sewers. When our customers ship a joint of concrete pipe or a box culvert out, they don't necessarily know exactly what that application is. If it goes into infrastructure in a development, the way that we look at it, it's not a direct housing application. It's more of an infrastructure application. It's really difficult to pinpoint the end use.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Very good. I'll leave it there. Thanks very much.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Thank you.

[Moderator]

Just as a quick reminder, it's star followed by one if you would like to register for a question, and we now have a question from Tyson Bauer with KC Capital. Please go ahead.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Good morning, gentlemen.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Good morning.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

I'm just going to follow up on that last question. In general, with your comments on demand for 2026, and obviously that's for fiscal 2026, it sounds like you're not baking in any real meaningful recovery in residential. You're treating that as something that is a wait-and-see portion of your end markets. You're looking at strength in demand in other areas, with non-residential really being the lead dog here. Residential, you're going to wait until you actually see some evidence of any kind of recovery.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yeah. I mean, I think non-residential is always the lead dog for Insteel. We know what our customers tell us about residential demand and applications. I think there's some thought that the inventory issues will have run their course through the end of the calendar year. Therefore, we should see improved residential demand. As we've said on multiple occasions, we really don't see out very far. Yeah, we're not banking on a huge housing recovery in 2026.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Right. Okay. In regards to the inventory carry strategy, given the current environment and domestic supply issues, should we continue to see a heavier carry or elevated levels in that inventory? If so, will that then increase the variability of your margins given the FIFO accounting? We could see some more quarter-to-quarter variability.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

I think through our second quarter, inventories will be somewhat elevated relative to where they might be if we were acquiring raw materials domestically to a larger extent, but probably no higher than they are now. Here's the other thing about imports. Of course, we acquired offshore products at a known cost. Nobody knows what the cost domestically is going to be. I think there's a benefit from just a pricing point of view of knowing what the price is going to be in those out months. All things considered, we're not at all displeased with where we are or where we think we're going to be with respect to our sourcing activities and the cost of our raw materials.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Does that actually make your pricing strategy a little, I don't want to say easier, but a little more, you know what you need to hit, given that certainty on the inventory side? As we go into some of these seasonally weaker quarters, pushing through those price increases can be a challenge.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yeah, I mean, I would say the answer to that is all the above. In certain of our markets, the price will move as the price moves, irrespective of what happens in the raw material markets. In other project-related businesses where we have to give a price for a project that is some months out, the import pricing is actually a huge advantage for us. It is a mixed bag. Keep in mind, the underlying reason that we went to the offshore markets was the inability to assure that we had availability domestically. That's it.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

In this fourth quarter, when we look at that shipment volume sequentially and the 5.8% decline, it doesn't sound like demand was the issue for you at all. Was a lot of that just based upon production supply issues and not being able to run efficiently and meet timelines on shipments? How much of the quarter and the shipment decline was really related to the production issue side as opposed to demand?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

I can't tell you how much, but the answer to your question is yes. Early in the quarter, we were operating short weeks at plants that were unable to get adequate quantities of raw materials.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Has that situation been resolved as we've entered into the current quarter?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Oh, yes. Both domestically, there's additional production as compared to our third quarter, and we took action offshore, as we've talked about extensively.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Okay. The last question for me, you talked about you don't know exactly what your products are used for as far as the final destination. We kind of were able to derive that when distribution centers were the hot item a few years back, that was tilt-up kind of construction. You kind of had an idea based on what the specs and what you were shipping out. Do you have that ability to have some kind of inference on what goes into data centers? Is that a tilt-up type construction? Is it other that's more specific? Any clarity on that side that you kind of have an idea of where or how much that is helping?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yes, we know. I mean, certainly, we know when demand is project-related, we can pinpoint it. When demand is more generic in nature, we can't necessarily pinpoint the end use. The data center construction has been important to the company and will continue to be, and probably more than just data center, that our venture into the whole world of cast-in-place applications for our product is interesting and will be a source of growth for us. It's not a segment of our business that we plan to disclose details on.

[Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital]

Okay, thank you.

[Moderator]

Thank you. That is powerful. If I wanted to ask any further questions, we now have a follow-up from Julio Romero with Sidoti & Company.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Thanks for taking the follow-ups. Can you guys just maybe speak a little more to demand from a geographic standpoint? You know, what areas are you seeing demand strength compared to three months ago and what areas may be relatively weaker?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

I don't know that there are any geographic trends that jump out at us. The legacy business of our supplying precasters is pretty steady over the entire country. The cast-in-place business that we do is so project-oriented that it could be in Miami today and Las Vegas tomorrow. It is not dominated by any one geographic region. Neither of our product lines or activities is.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Got it. One other question, it's about water infrastructure. I know you guys make the concrete pipe culverts that are used in water treatment facilities and sewer systems and other kind of related applications there. There are states that are making initiatives to address staging water infrastructure. Texas is talking about passing Prop 4 in November, which would add a lot of state taxes towards that initiative. Can you, would that benefit you guys at all, particularly the Prop 4 in Texas?

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yeah. I think it's positive, Julio, to the extent that additional funding is available in those sorts of projects. There's going to be plastic pipe. There's going to be all kinds of non-concrete product that goes into those applications. There'll also be concrete pipe, and there'll be box culverts and concrete-related things that definitely help in steel. I would tell you that I think that part of the recovery in demand that we've seen has been related to the funding provided by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which is now five or six years old. I think those funds are beginning to find their way into the market and translate into demand, although I would hasten to say that we can't track any particular shipment that we've made to an IIJA funding mechanism. Nevertheless, something's responsible for the uptick that we see, and I believe it's funding-related.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

that last H, you mentioned IIJA funding is several years old. You guys are basically just kind of beginning to see that push now, and therefore, there is runway to when the IIJA funds. There's a multi-year runway remaining as regards to the benefit of IIJA funding to Insteel P&L.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Yeah. I mean, I have no objective data to support my belief, Julio, but I think the answer is yes. If you go back to the Department of Transportation's comment on the IIJA some years ago, they said, "This is not a stimulus program. This is a new way we're considering funding infrastructure." They acknowledge that the lead time is measured in years, not weeks or months, between the funding being available and it translating into actual activity on job sites. To the extent that that's the case, I think we're now seeing activity on job sites.

[Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company]

Very helpful. Thanks very much.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Okay, thank you.

[Moderator]

Thank you. We currently have no further questions. Just one final reminder: if you'd like to register, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. I can confirm that does conclude the question-and-answer session here, and I would like to hand it back to the management team.

[H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO at Insteel Industries]

Okay. We appreciate your interest in Insteel. We look forward to talking to you next quarter. If you have questions, don't hesitate to follow up with us. Thank you.

[Moderator]

Thank you for dialing in for the Insteel Industries fourth quarter 2025 earnings call. Today's call has now concluded. Thank you all for your participation, and you may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Scot Jafroodi, VP, CFO, and Treasurer
• H. Woltz, Chairman, President, and CEO

Analysts

• Moderator
• Julio Romero, Analyst at Sidoti & Company
• Tyson Bauer, Analyst at KC Capital