Crown Castle Q1 2025 Earnings Report

Crown Castle EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $1.10
• Consensus EPS: $1.72
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.62
• One Year Ago EPS: $1.72

Crown Castle Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $1.06 billion
• Expected Revenue: $1.04 billion
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$21.01 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: -4.80%

Crown Castle Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2025
• Date: 4/30/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Wednesday, April 30, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 5:00PM ET

Crown Castle (NYSE:CCI), incorporated in 1994 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in communications infrastructure across the United States. Originally established to develop and operate wireless towers, the company has grown through strategic acquisitions and organic expansion to become one of the largest owners and operators of shared communications sites in the country.

The company’s core business revolves around leasing space on its portfolio of cell towers, small cell networks and fiber assets to wireless service providers, broadcasters and other enterprises. Crown Castle’s small cell solutions are designed to support dense urban deployments and emerging 5G applications, while its fiber network provides high-capacity backhaul connectivity between towers and major traffic hubs. By offering integrated site development, installation and maintenance services, the company helps carriers accelerate network rollouts and improve coverage in both metropolitan and rural areas.

Serving all major U.S. wireless carriers and a broad range of enterprise and government customers, Crown Castle’s footprint extends coast to coast, with significant concentrations in high-demand markets such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Dallas. The company emphasizes long-term contractual relationships with its tenants, providing stable, recurring revenue streams tied to network usage and expansion.

Under the leadership of President and Chief Executive Officer Jay Brown, Crown Castle continues to invest in capacity enhancements, smart site technologies and fiber densification to address growing data demands. The company’s management team brings extensive experience in telecommunications, real estate and infrastructure finance, guiding a strategy focused on asset optimization, customer service and disciplined capital allocation.

Crown Castle Q1 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Pure-play tower focus: Crown Castle is on track to sell its small cell and fiber solutions businesses by H1 2026, unlocking value and simplifying its strategy as the only U.S.-only tower company.
• Strong Q1 performance: Tower site rental revenues grew 5.1% organically and cost controls drove higher margins, supporting unchanged full-year 2025 guidance of ~4.5% organic growth, $2.8B EBITDA, and $1.8B AFFO.
• Balanced capital allocation: The board will trim the dividend to $4.25/sh in Q2 2025, plan ~$3B share repurchases post-sale, and apply ~$6B of proceeds to debt repayment to maintain investment-grade ratings.
• Resilient U.S. market: U.S. tower demand has delivered over 5% annual organic growth from 2020–2024 despite recessions and rate fluctuations, underpinned by $35B annual carrier network investments.
• Timing and headwinds: Q1 benefits from deferred maintenance and straight-line revenue that will reverse later in the year, and legacy Sprint churn will continue at a normalized 1–2% rate beyond 2025.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good day, and welcome to the Q1 twenty twenty five Crown Castle Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen only mode. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Chris Hinson, Vice President of Corporate Finance and Treasurer. Please go ahead.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

Thank you, Darcy, good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today as we discuss our first quarter twenty twenty five results. With me on the call this afternoon are Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle's Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Sune Patel, Crown Castle's Chief Financial Officer. To aid the discussion, we have posted supplemental materials in the Investors section of our website at crowncastle.com that will be referenced throughout the call. This conference call will contain forward looking statements, which are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results may vary materially from those expected.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

Information about potential factors which could affect our results is available in the press release and the Risk Factor sections of the company's SEC filings. Our statements are made as of today, 04/30/2025, and we assume no obligation to update any forward looking statements. In addition, today's call includes discussions of certain non GAAP financial measures. Tables reconciling these non GAAP financial measures are available in the supplemental information package in the Investors section of the company's website at crowncastle dot com. With that, let me turn the call over to Dan.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Chris, and good afternoon, everyone. Before I begin, I'd like to thank the Board for placing its confidence in me to lead the company during this interim period as they work to identify the next CEO. I'm grateful to have this opportunity, and I'm excited we're on a path to becoming a pure play U. S. Tower company.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I believe the decision to sell our fiber segment positions each of our tower, small cell, and fiber solutions businesses to be highly successful going forward while unlocking substantial value in our tower business. To help realize that value, while in this role, my top priorities are facilitating the successful and efficient close of the small cell and fiber solutions sale, delivering on the company's financial and operating objectives for 2025, and positioning the tower business to maximize value for shareholders on a standalone basis. We are off to a good start by delivering strong first quarter results, giving us confidence in our full year 2025 outlook. Additionally, although we are in the early phases, we are making good progress towards separating our fiber solutions and small cell businesses so that we can close the sale in the first half of twenty twenty six. Going forward, I believe we have a unique value creation opportunity as the only public pure play tower company focused exclusively on The US, which we continue to believe is the best market in the world for tower ownership.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Since the early stages of five gs network deployment in 2020, mobile data demand in The US has grown substantially. To maintain network capacity and quality, our customers have invested over $35,000,000,000 annually in their networks, resulting in more than 5% average annual organic growth in our tower business from 2020 to 2024. Looking forward, we believe the continued growth in data demand will drive durable growth in our business. As you can see on page four of our earnings materials, history demonstrates just how durable U. S.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Tower demand growth has been across market cycles and macroeconomic conditions. Over the past two decades, the U. S. Has experienced two recessions and ten year treasury yields have fluctuated by almost 4%, while cash site rental revenues in our tower business have grown consistently. Further underscoring the strength of The U.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

S. Tower business model and the resiliency of the demand for our assets, tariff policies do not impact our full year 2025 outlook. In addition to benefiting from the durable and healthy market dynamics we enjoy in The U. S, we believe that being a pure play tower company will allow us to unlike value by focusing on customer service, operational excellence and improved profitability. We believe these areas of focus will drive both higher top and bottom line growth by positioning us to win additional revenue opportunities, improve operational efficiency and deliver for our customers and shareholders.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We are complementing the attractive cash flow profile from our Tower U. S. Tower business with a capital allocation framework that balances predictable return of capital to shareholders with financial flexibility and balance sheet strength. With limited sustaining capital expenditures, variable costs and growth capital required to drive incremental revenues, the tower business generates significant cash flows, giving us flexibility in our capital allocation. As announced last quarter, we will first look to return capital to our shareholders via a quarterly dividend set in any given year at a rate of about 75 to 80% of anticipated AFFO excluding amortization of prepaid rent.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Consistent with this framework, the Board has indicated that it intends to reduce our annualized dividend per share to $4.25 beginning in the second quarter of twenty twenty five. Additionally, after the close of the sale transaction, we expect to spend between 150,000,000 and $250,000,000 of annual capital expenditures net of prepaid rent received. This capital spend primarily includes modifying our towers, purchasing land under our towers, and investing in technology and systems that will enhance profitability. Lastly, we expect to repurchase shares. Currently, Crown Castle's board intends to implement a share repurchase program of approximately $3,000,000,000 in conjunction with the close of the sale of our fiber solutions and small cell businesses.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

To support our capital allocation framework and balance sheet strength, we plan to manage our debt balance to maintain an investment grade credit rating. With this in mind, after closing the sale transaction, we expect to use approximately $6,000,000,000 of cash proceeds to repay debt. We believe this balance between debt repayment and share repurchases positions us well to drive future value creation. To wrap up, first, we are excited to be on the path to becoming a pure play tower company, and we are making good progress separating our fiber solutions and small cell businesses, keeping us on track to close the sale in the first half of twenty twenty six. Second, we are pleased by our strong first quarter results and are confident we can deliver our full year 2025 outlook.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And third, we are focused on driving operational improvements while implementing our balanced and disciplined capital allocation framework to enhance shareholder returns over time. Finally, I'd like to welcome Suna Patel, who started as Chief Financial Officer at the April. Sunit brings extensive industry and leadership experience. Although he has only been CFO here for a short time, Sunit has already provided great insights that have helped me tremendously in my interim role. It's great to have him on the Crown Castle team.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And with that, I'll turn it over to Sunit to walk us through the details of the quarter.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Ibotta]

Thanks, Dan, and

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for the warm welcome. I'm excited to be here and I look forward to working together to deliver for our customers and shareholders. As Dan mentioned, our focus right now is on closing the sale of the fiber business and positioning the tower business to maximize shareholder value on a standalone basis, as we aim to deliver on our financial and operating objectives for the year. Before I review the first quarter results, I would like to remind everyone that having an agreement to sell our fiber segment means that the fiber segment results are required to be operated reported, sorry, within Crown Castle's financial statements as discontinued operations.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

As a result, the company's full year 2025 outlook and first quarter results do not include contributions from what we previously reported under the fiber segment, except as otherwise noted. To aid in the review of our first quarter results, we've included in our earnings materials full year 2024 results on a comparable basis. As we indicated last quarter, within our 2025 outlook and in our quarterly results, all financing expenses are included in continuing operations and do not reflect the impact of any expected use of proceeds from the sale of our fiber business. Additionally, SG and A has been allocated between continuing and discontinued operations to develop our outlook. However, these allocations may not represent the run rate SG and A for Crown Castle as a standalone tower company.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

As a result, adjusted EBITDA, AFFO and AFFO per share in our 2025 outlook and quarterly results may not be representative of the company's anticipated performance following the close of the sale. Turning to our results on page five of our earnings materials, you can see that we had a solid start to our year in the first quarter. Site rental revenues included 5.1 tower organic growth, excluding the impact of Sprint cancellations. This growth benefited from a $3,000,000 contribution from other billings, primarily related to intercompany backed billings that is not expected to recur going forward. Site rental revenues also included $19,000,000 of straight line revenues.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Please keep in mind that we expect our straight line revenues to turn negative, consistent with our full year 2025 outlook of zero. Adjusted EBITDA and AFFO in the first quarter benefited from lower repair and maintenance costs, sustaining capital expenditures, and other non worker costs. These lower costs were largely due to timing and seasonality, so we expect them to occur later in the year. We also experienced a modest decrease in quarterly interest expense due to lower than anticipated short term borrowing rates. Turning to page six, our full year outlook remains unchanged.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Our full year outlook includes 4.5% organic growth, excluding the impact of Sprint cancellations, adjusted EBITDA of approximately $2,800,000,000 and AFFO of approximately $1,800,000,000 Additionally, we still expect to see $250,000,000 of free cash flow from our discontinued operations in the full year 2025. In the first quarter, we generated $53,000,000 of free cash flow from our discontinued operations or $75,000,000 excluding a $22,000,000 increase in net working capital. We do not expect working capital to be a significant use of cash for the remainder of 2025. Moving to page eight, our full year outlook positions us well to meet our range for expected annual AFFO following the anticipated close of the transaction of $2,300,000,000 to $2,400,000,000 which remains unchanged. Turning to the balance sheet, we ended the quarter with significant liquidity and and flexibility, and we are well positioned to maintain our investment grade rating after the sale of the fiber business.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

We ended the quarter with an average maturity of over six years, eighty nine percent fixed rate debt, approximately $5,300,000,000 of availability under our revolving credit facility, and $2,100,000,000 of debt maturities over the next twelve months. Lastly, our outlook for discretionary CapEx remains unchanged at $185,000,000 or $145,000,000 net of $40,000,000 of prepaid rent received. To wrap up, we had a strong start to the year, and we made good progress separating the fiber business and positioning the tower business to maximize shareholder value on a standalone basis. Longer term, we believe we have a unique value creation opportunity as the only public tower company exclusively focused on The US, the best market in the world for wireless infrastructure ownership. With that, Darcy, I'd like to open the line for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then 2.

[Operator]

Your first question today comes from Jonathan Atkin from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

[Jonathan Atkin, Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets]

Thank you. Two questions. It's been a very eventful year when it comes to kind of the executive range with the Dan's movement now into the acting CEO seat and then soon you're getting hired on. And I wonder if you could shed a little bit of light as to what happened since the last earnings call that led to this sort of sequence of events. And then secondly, you outlined the strategy going forward around capital return to shareholders, U.

[Jonathan Atkin, Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets]

S. Only. And within the context of that, any further thoughts relative to what was shared on the last call around build to suits or external growth through tuck in M and A and so forth? Thank you.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yes, John, thanks for the question. I really can't speak for what happened with Steven specifically other than to say you can just refer back to the press release the board put out about what happened there. What I can say is that I'm excited to be a part of this company still. I think that the strategy that we are going under as we talked about is one that I think will create significant value for shareholders over time. And I'm excited to be a part of it.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I think we can get the separation of our fiber and small cell businesses done effectively and it's something that I'm focused on. And having Sunit here with all of his experience both in the industry as well as doing significant M and A transactions through his career, I believe will help us get that transaction done as efficiently as possible and as quickly as possible. So what I can say is whatever has happened has led us to this point where I think we're really well positioned going forward and excited that we have a story that is focused on The US tower market only because I think it's a great market and it simplifies our story and allows us to focus on the things that are most important to us, which are creating more value through growing our revenues and reducing our costs, which is what we're focused on. To that, you may further thoughts on what our strategy looks like. Think given where we are with major sale transaction going on, M and A for us in the short term is unlikely.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We have a lot of focus on getting done what is most important to us, is separating the fiber and small cell business. So I don't think there's going be a lot of M and A from us in the short term. Build to suit, however, absolutely we'd be interested in as long as the returns are good. And investing organically in our business is something that we're very interested in because we think that the tower business is a great business that will generate great returns over time and the more of it we invest into, we would like to do.

[Jonathan Atkin, Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Rick Francis from Raymond James. Please go ahead.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Thanks. Good afternoon, everybody.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Hey, Rick.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Yep. Hey, Sunit. Welcome. Looking forward to working with you and seeing you.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Thank you.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Let's start with one with Sunit, if I could. Obviously, you've been on the board of Crown for a while. What appealed to you or what kind of triggered your thoughts of let's move from a board role to a CFO role? And what do you think you then bring to that role?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, look, I think one, I really liked the team at crown, very long term capability in the tower business. I'm excited about the tower business and the prospects having been at T Mobile for a few years. I think that there's continued demand for infrastructure. And thirdly, I do think that as a pure tower only company, that singular focus on that business, will allow us to look at other things with respect to automation and system and platform investments that will continue to drive not just efficiency, but better customer experience and over time, better top line performance. So glad to be and being on the

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Ibotta]

board to get to know the business.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

And Dan, you mentioned a couple of times, top priority, key focus, get the deal done. Walk us through kind of where you're at in the process. It's only announced shortly ago, but what are the difficulties of getting this deal over the finish line? Is it particular states or where are at in the process, but obviously key focus, what are the difficulties?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, I wouldn't call them difficulties. I think the reason that the transaction is going to take until the first half of twenty twenty six to close is for regulatory approvals because we have to get approvals in all the states in which we operate as well as from the federal government. Those things just take time. I don't think that I would call them difficult. I would just say they're time consuming.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

It's a while for us to put together all the information we have to put together and it's a while for them to review that information. We're gonna work very closely with our counterparties and with our outside counsels to make sure we get through that process as quickly as we possibly can. But as you know, it really is gonna be up to those governmental agencies. There's nothing we can do to force them into anything. So we're just gonna work with them and be as good a counterparty to them as we possibly can to try to get this deal done.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I wouldn't say I'm concerned about anything. Where we are is that we're starting that process. We're starting all those filings. We're starting those conversations with the governmental agencies. And we're starting to separate the businesses because we also have to deliver to each of our buyers a business that operates and we need to separate those businesses from our underlying tower business.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So we're starting that process and have started that process and believe we're making really good progress and have worked really well with both SAO and EQT to make that happen.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Right. Last one for me is obviously first quarter was pretty good, very good. Had the $3,000,000 back billing intercompany primarily. You touched on a couple of things that might be positive or negatives, but seems like your confidence is well founded, should I say? Also, you just gave the guidance a month and a half ago, but walk us through maybe what the pacing for new lease activity should look like in 2025 and kind of how we from the outside should think about the ability or desire maybe at some point to say we can now adjust our guidance?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yes. As we talked about it when we gave the guidance, we thought that activity levels in our business would likely be consistent over the course of 2025 and 2024. And if you look at what we had in terms of core new leasing for the first quarter, it is consistent with the fourth quarter. And so we don't see a significant move up or down from those numbers. But as you know, it's never going to be exactly the same every quarter.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

What we see is if we look out over the course of the rest of 2025, we believe for new leasing activity and ultimately organic growth, will be in the ranges that we provided as part of our guide of somewhere between 105 and $115,000,000 of leasing activity and then the growth of about 4.5%. Obviously, the first quarter, we did better than that. And if we can continue to do a little bit better on new leasing activity and a little bit better on churn, which is what happened in the first quarter, as we got through the year and saw those things with more clarity through the back half of the year, I think we will feel comfortable, talking about either being at the high end of the range or if it's even better than that, expanding the range. But we're just not there yet. As you said, we gave guidance seven weeks ago.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We still believe in our guidance. We still believe we will be in the range as we provided. But we're happy with where we are. It's better to start with the first quarter being really good and explaining that it's why isn't it gonna be that good all the time as opposed to starting with it bad and saying everything's gonna get better. We're happy with that.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And then on the cost side, there were some things that happened in the quarter that were acceleration or where we didn't spend money we thought we were gonna spend, it's just gonna happen in the rest of the year. But there's also some that we've spent a lot of time and effort trying to control our costs. And you saw that over the course of the last couple of years with significant reductions in the number of people here and a significant focus on cost control. And you're seeing the impacts of that cost control coming into our numbers. And we're hopeful we can continue that going through 2025.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

But again, we're just too early to see through the year in order to feel really certain about that quite yet.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Makes sense. Thanks, guys.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Michael Rollins from Citi. Please go ahead.

[Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citigroup]

Thanks and good afternoon and also welcome to SUNET. Two questions if I could. First, just maybe going back to some of the comments on activity that you're just describing. Can you frame a little bit in terms of what you're seeing on the COLO side of the equation versus the amendment side of the equation? And within that context, any changes in the way the carrier conversations have been progressing?

[Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citigroup]

And then second, the last call, talked about the tail of churn from the merger, the Sprint merger that's going to start in '26 and continue for a few years. And just curious if there is any creative ways to try to remediate that or try to, create an additional comprehensive relationship where you could try to address that and kind of clean it up in a way that's good for you and good for the customer?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Mike. On the first question on colo versus amendment, we have not seen a significant shift in the mix in our business between colo and amendment. We've just seen a continuation of a very good activity level. And as that activity level has grown in 2024 from 2023 and continued good activity in 2025, we've seen more of each amendments and colocations. And the conversations with our carrier customers have been very good.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We have those conversations all the time. I think that they are very focused on making sure that their networks are competing well on quality. And as we see their announcements over the course of the last week or so, the competitive pressure among our customers has increased and we think that generally speaking, that's good for tower companies. Competitive pressure leads to pressure on network quality, which leads to investment in towers over a period of time. But when that increase in activity would happen is very difficult to predict and whether it would be over and above what we see today or just a continuation for a longer period of time is very difficult to predict.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

But we feel good about that competitive pressure increasing and ultimately being good for us in our business. And in the conversations we're having with our customers, I think we're seeing some signs of that desire to increase the quality of the network. On the tail of Sprint churn going out, as you pointed out, we do have Sprint churn that is beyond the amount that hits in 2025, which has been explained a lot. And on a yearly basis, of course, if we could do something that would be good for us and our customer and clean up that churn, we would do so. The question becomes, what does that mean be good for us and our customer and how would we get to that conclusion?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So we will have conversations and try to come up with something that makes sense. But having churn is not bad in our business beyond the fact that it's just generally bad to have churn. Even including that Sprint churn, what we had talked about is true, that our churn is gonna be in the normal range of one to 2% over a long period of time, inclusive of that sprint churn, that has been what we've seen over the course of our history. So I would not say that living with that churn is a bad outcome, but if we could make it better somehow, we absolutely would.

[Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citigroup]

Thanks very much.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Jim Schneider from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

[Jim Schneider, Senior Equity Analyst at Goldman Sachs]

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe just to ask the management question a different way. Dan, can you maybe share with us the Board's thinking about sort of what they may be looking for in a CEO this time around with a more streamlined company rather than what they were as opposed to what they're looking for back eighteen months ago when they were considering Stephens' candidacy?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Sure. Thanks, Jim. Yeah, I think from my conversations with the board, what they're looking for is really somebody who has, the leadership skills to drive this company forward as a tower only company and make us a best in class operator across the board. As Soon as said, both in terms of, reducing costs, but also improving the customer experience and therefore trying to improve, our revenue take. And somebody who has the experience to do that, in many cases might have prior public company experience and has had experience in driving those types of improvements.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And it's also on board with the strategy that has been outlined by the board of being a US tower focused company that has capital to spend in order to grow that business within the constraint of making sure that we abide through the capital allocation framework we talked about earlier of having a dividend, having a share repurchase, maintaining our investment grade debt profile, but also investing in the business. I think the board is looking for somebody who can manage all of that, balance all of those things and come out the other side the best tower business we possibly can be.

[Jim Schneider, Senior Equity Analyst at Goldman Sachs]

Very helpful. Thanks so much.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Alex Waters from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

[Alexander Waters, Vice President, Equity Research - Communications Infrastructure at Bank of America]

Hi, Dan and Sunit. Thanks so much for taking my questions and welcome Sunit. Maybe first for you Sunit, could you maybe just talk about some of the kind of strategic priorities you have coming in as CFO and your preference between leverage reductions, programmatic or opportunistic buybacks? And then secondly, could you guys maybe just talk a little bit about the services side of the business, both your competitors delighted that they're seeing pretty good demand from customers on that? Thanks.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Thank you, Alex. I'll start with the first part of your question. I mean, the key priority for us right now for the course of this year is to get this separation, this transaction closed. So, we're all focused on that as the top priority. Beyond that, as we talked about, how do we position a US tower only company, we are starting to think through that in terms of things we need to do operationally, system wise, platform wise, process wise.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

So, at least beginning to think about that, and what's the right cost structure, we want to operate on what sort of things we want to do better for customers. So really, those are the key things on leverage and the buyback. I think we've been very clear, having been on the board to on the finance committee in terms of our capital allocation framework. So, whatever Dan said, and I said, I think essentially, the goal is to be investment grade to pay down debt for the sale, as we talked about, return capital to our shareholders through buyback and the dividend. And at the same time, I think that given that it's 75 to 80% of our AFFO, we do have some degrees of freedom, where we see the opportunity to put money to work in terms of investments to drive top line growth.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

So in essence, I mean, that's the framework and that's what we're sticking to.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, and I'll take the second question on services. We are seeing good demand from our customers on the services business. I would like to point out though, and I think you know this Alex, is that we got out of the construction services business and no longer have that as part of our offering. And I think a lot of what I heard from some of our peers and what they said was that some of the construction services were driving an increase in activity. What we're seeing is really good activity that we've seen, like I said earlier, that's a continuation both in our services and our leasing businesses.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

But we are seeing an uptick in some of the services activity we had. I'll just remind you that some of our services in 2024 were one time in nature, so we need to make up for those in order just to remain flat. We think we will do so and that speaks to an increasing level of activity.

[Alexander Waters, Vice President, Equity Research - Communications Infrastructure at Bank of America]

Thank you both.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Benjamin Swinburne from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

Thanks. Good afternoon. Dan, you touched on it a little bit earlier, but I just wanted to come back to the expense side of the business this year. Very strong margin quarter in Q1, a couple of hundred basis points, I think, ahead of expectations. And I think if we were to annualize the first quarter EBITDA, you'd be ahead of the full year range.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

Can you talk a little bit about sort of the phasing of costs through the year? And maybe it's simply the straight line revenue putting downward pressure on EBITDA rest of the year, but any color would be appreciated. And then I don't think this was discussed last call on the fiber small cell sale, but any tax implications, either tax cash tax liabilities tied to the sale or any other tax implications for the company as you close the pending sale next year that we should be thinking about? Thanks so much.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, thanks Ben. I'm going to take them in reverse because the second question is easy. There are no tax implications you should be considering as part of the sale. We won't have a tax impact. On the expense side, you're right.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

The first quarter was very strong margins, but as Suneja said in our prepared remarks, some of that reduction or lower expense was due to, seasonality and timing where we think that some of it will be a lot of it will be incurred, a lot of that expense will be incurred the rest of the year. But as I had mentioned, we also have been very focused on cost control. So we're hopeful that we can maintain some of that lower cost structure going forward. It's just we're not yet at the position where we feel comfortable enough to talk about that as being sustainable. But like I said earlier on the leasing side, it's great to start out significantly below on the expense line because it gives us a lot of visibility and comfort in our current guide.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And I would also just, you mentioned the straight line. The reason that we talked about it a bit was straight line does turn negative by the end of the year as part of our, as you could just math shows you that if it's positive now and our guidance for zero, it has turned negative in the back half of the year. And that does put pressure on our EBITDA, which is why we mentioned it is that annualizing fourth quarter is I mean, first quarter is not an appropriate way to look for the at the full year because of that and other impacts.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

Yes, that makes sense. Great. Thanks for the color.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Nick Del Rio from MoffettNathanson. Please go ahead.

[Nick Del Deo, Managing Director at Moffettnathanson LLC]

Hi, thanks for taking my question. And Dan, congratulations to both of you on the appointments. I think you had initiated or were studying a number of operational improvement or efficiency projects under Steven, kind of with the expectation that that work might pick up with when the strategic review had wrapped up. I was wondering if you could update us on like what's underway and in motion versus things that might be on pause either for Sunit or the new CEO to kind of review them and have an opportunity to apply their stamp?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, things that Steven had discussed are still on our radar and we are executing against them. We're not waiting for a new CEO. We know that there's some things we need to do to make our tower business better and we do not believe that a new CEO would have a different view of that and would be very happy to inherit something that is in a better shape than it is today. So we are still working through automation of our process. We're still looking at working through implementation of systems, upgrades and implementations of systems changes that we think will make our process more streamlined and our customer experience easier.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And we're looking at ways to digitize our assets and ensure that we are both getting paid everything we need to get paid and we have the right amount of marketable asset space that we can go talk to our customers about. We're doing all those things and hoping that they get done very quickly. And if that happens before a new CEO, then more power to us and to that person because I think that would be better for everybody involved. And then we'll find new things to go do because we have a lot to do. I think the benefit, one of the bits of streamlining our business into a tower only business is that we can focus all of our attention on getting better at towers and we believe that will lead to improvements over time.

[Nick Del Deo, Managing Director at Moffettnathanson LLC]

All right, terrific. Thanks, Dan.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Nick.

[Operator]

Thank you. The next question comes from Richard Cho from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

[Richard Choe, Vice President at JP Morgan]

Hi. I just wanted to follow-up on the core new leasing. Was this from a particular carrier or is it across the board? And then can we get a sense of maybe what your backlog of business looks like for the rest of the year from your carrier customers?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, like I said, it's a continuation of the activity level we had seen.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And so it was across the board. There is no specific carrier we would point to. And I'm not sure how to talk about our backlog of business, that's not something that we talk about. I would just say that we are comfortable with the amount of activity that we see coming in from our customers that we will be able to meet our guidance and believe that the activity levels around the industry as our customers continue to deploy five gs and hopefully start to densify more in areas where they don't have coverage, that will continue to drive really good demand for our towers over the course of 2025 and beyond.

[Richard Choe, Vice President at JP Morgan]

Great, thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Batya Levi from UBS. Please go ahead.

[Batya Levi, Managing Director - Communications, Media & Infrastructure Analyst at UBS Group]

Great. Thanks a lot. Great to talk to you, Sunit, again. And I had a few questions. First on the SG and A side, can you provide some color on the guidelines you use to allocate SG and A between segments?

[Batya Levi, Managing Director - Communications, Media & Infrastructure Analyst at UBS Group]

And to the event that there is some more allocated back to the tower business, is there a rough percentage that we could think about? And as you make more progress on cost savings, should we expect that the annual AFFO growth that you provided that range to 50,000,000 to $370,000,000 could be potentially narrowed or updated as you pull forward some of those savings? And maybe just a quick one on the regulatory front. Should we expect that the approval process will be a holistic review of both small cell and fiber businesses and close at the same time? Thank you.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, thanks, Batya. Trying to get all of those, but if we miss something, just let me know. The way that we allocate SG and A between segments is according to the accounting rules that anybody and any cost that is directly related to our fiber solution and small cell business is allocated to discontinued operations, which leaves some shared costs in the remainco of the tower business and Crown Castle's tower business. And the way that that will work and as we've talked about is we do not believe that that is necessarily representative of what the cost structure will be for a tower only company when we close the deal, which is why we provided a view of the run rate AFFO at the time of close, assuming the time of close is mid twenty twenty six. We provided that look so that you can see that there is some benefit that we think we can see in terms of the full run rate cost structure at that time not being as high as it is today as part of our continuing operations.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And therefore, on the second question you said on the cost savings, I think it's true across the board that as we get further into the year and we see what our performance is both on costs and on revenues, we will be able to either narrow the range or change the range according to what those results will be, but we believe we'll get more confidence in the ranges that we have going forward. But I'm not sure that that's gonna push all the way to the AFFO at the time of close because there are a lot of different things that need to happen in order for us to get to that level. So I'm not sure we'll narrow that band of the AFFO at the time of close until we're much closer to closing. And the last question you asked is on the regulatory and closing. We will close this transaction as one transaction as a sale to two different buyers, but the regulatory looks are for each of those buyers because they're each buying different assets.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

They will close together, but I wouldn't say that it's necessarily that regulatory review is holistic among both of them. It will happen at the same time, but there are two businesses being sold to two different buyers.

[Batya Levi, Managing Director - Communications, Media & Infrastructure Analyst at UBS Group]

Got it. Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Jonathan Chaplin from New Street Research. Please go ahead.

[Jonathan Chaplin, Managing Partner at New Street Research]

Great. Thanks. Sune, great to have you back in the fold in the industry. Quick question, just following up on Bach's question on the shared costs that stay in SG and A that have the potential to come out. Can you give us sort of any quantification around the magnitude of opportunity there?

[Jonathan Chaplin, Managing Partner at New Street Research]

And then on the share repurchase program, $3,000,000,000 that follows the closing of the deal, could you give us some context for the timing of that? Is it going be sort of programmatic spread out over a number of quarters or will it be an accelerated share repurchase program sort of executed with a bank that will be reflected in the share count instantly? Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, we're not in a position to talk about the quantification of the costs and any type of reductions that might happen at this point. Reason we gave the big buckets is because there's a lot of moving parts there and we will update what we believe the run rate AFFO to be as a standalone business as we get closer to close. But just we're not in a position of providing any additional color at this point. And on the share repurchase, it's a similar answer and I'm sorry, Jonathan, it's just we're too far away to have the answers to all those questions. We believe that we will have significant capital to be able to repurchase shares.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

How we do so and when we do so will likely be based on the current market conditions at the time of close and the view we have of what our stock price is and the view that we have of what we think we wanna do with our capital at the time, but it's very important to us to repurchase shares with the proceeds from this transaction that are beyond what we think is, as we talked about, about $6,000,000,000 of debt repayment, we will use the remainder to buy back shares and we'll try to do it quickly. It'll just depend on what the market conditions are at the time that close happens to know how quickly that will be and how quickly it'll be reflected in our share account.

[Jonathan Chaplin, Managing Partner at New Street Research]

Great. And sorry, Dan, can you just remind me what your target leverage will be following the deal?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So we think, as Sune pointed out and I talked about, we wanna maintain our investment grade rating. We have done some preliminary analysis and believe that we can due to the the significant stability of the cash flow profile of The US only tower business, that we will be able to maintain that investment grade rating at six to six and a half times EBITDA.

[Jonathan Chaplin, Managing Partner at New Street Research]

Awesome. Thanks, guys. Really appreciate it.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question comes from Brandon Mistall from KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

[Brandon Nispel, Director & Equity Research Analyst at KeyBanc Capital Markets]

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to ask about sort of new bookings that you signed during the quarter, not necessarily the billings that you report. But could you help us understand how tower leasing bookings were during the quarter? Are they up year over year?

[Brandon Nispel, Director & Equity Research Analyst at KeyBanc Capital Markets]

Are they up quarter over quarter? Some color on that would be helpful given some of your peers have called that out. Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, thanks Brandon. As we've been talking about, we see the activity levels through 2025 being relatively consistent through the course of the year for us. And the new leasing that we have being very consistent over the course of the year. We think those are very good levels and drive 4.5% growth, which is good for our business. We'll do everything we can to try to improve that, But there's nothing that we've seen that would make us change that expectation that over time we will be pretty consistent over the course of the year.

[Brandon Nispel, Director & Equity Research Analyst at KeyBanc Capital Markets]

Thanks for taking the question.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your last question comes from Brandon Lynch from Barclays. Please go ahead.

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

Great. Thanks for taking my question. Dan, you alluded to the transaction closing all at once. I'm curious if there's some sort of regulatory hiccup in one or two states, what would that actually mean for the deal?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, first thing I would say is we do not expect any regulatory hiccups in any of the states. We would have to see what exactly they are and the buyers are aware that if something like that were to happen, we still are gonna likely close the deal. The question becomes a hypothetical one of how big the hiccup is you're talking about. We don't see a big hiccup coming. So we are not concerned about closing this transaction in the first quarter of twenty twenty six. I mean, first half of

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

that's fair. And then just one on your MLAs, can you quantify even if broadly how much of the growth you are reporting is stemming from MLAs versus demand that is above and beyond what the carriers have already contracted?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I would say that about, 90% of our growth for 2025 is already contracted, which leaves us with the 10% that we need to make happen, which is a great place to be. It's always great for a business to be able to look out as far as we are able to look out and understand where our growth is coming from. And, you know, it's one of the great things about the tower business. It's a really good business, partly because the visibility is so great and, we're excited to be where we are. The activity levels are good and we have a lot of comfort in being able to deliver our 2025 results.

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

And if the carriers were able to or interested in increasing the pace of their deployment, would that generally fall within the MLAs that you have or would that be outside and kind of increase the mix of extra MLA contribution?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

It really depends on how the MLA itself is structured and we're not going to get into how we do that with each customer here, but there are both portions of activity that are already contracted in MLA and portions of activity that would be incremental to the MLA. It really depends on how each customer acts and what is included in each MLA that we have. We believe we have upside to what is already contracted and we believe we have a lot of stability based on what is contracted.

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

Great, thank you very much.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. That does conclude our question and answer session. And with that, the conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer
• Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO
• Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer
• Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer

Analysts

• Jonathan Atkin, Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets
• Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial
• Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citigroup
• Jim Schneider, Senior Equity Analyst at Goldman Sachs
• Alexander Waters, Vice President, Equity Research - Communications Infrastructure at Bank of America
• Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley
• Nick Del Deo, Managing Director at Moffettnathanson LLC
• Richard Choe, Vice President at JP Morgan
• Batya Levi, Managing Director - Communications, Media & Infrastructure Analyst at UBS Group
• Jonathan Chaplin, Managing Partner at New Street Research
• Brandon Nispel, Director & Equity Research Analyst at KeyBanc Capital Markets
• Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital