Bridge Investment Group Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Quartr
Provided by Quartr
February 22, 2024

Key Takeaways

  • For FY2023, fee‐earning AUM rose 25% YoY to $21.7 billion and recurring management fees grew 18% YoY to $228 million.
  • Bridge ended 2023 with $3.4 billion of dry powder and highlighted attractive entry valuations across residential rental, logistics, private real estate credit, and secondaries amid a potential pivot to lower interest rates.
  • In Q4, Bridge reported GAAP net income of only $0.7 million and a net loss of $0.20 per Class A share, driven in part by a $5.7 million write‐off of uncollectible fees related to Office Fund I.
  • Bridge no longer expects to recognize management fees from Office Fund I and faces uncertain loan recoverability, reducing office‐related recurring fees from 3.7% to about 1.2% of total.
  • Capital‐raising momentum is improving with $334 million raised in Q4 and $1.6 billion for full‐year 2023, bolstered by international expansion and new accredited‐investor products, with fundraising and due diligence activity up materially for 2024.
AI Generated. May Contain Errors.
Earnings Conference Call
Bridge Investment Group Q4 2023
00:00 / 00:00

There are 11 speakers on the call.

Operator

Greetings, and welcome to the Bridge Investment Group's 4Q 'twenty three and Full Year 2023 Earnings Call and Webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. A brief question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Bonnie Rosen, Director of Shareholder Relations.

Operator

Thank you, Bonnie. You may begin.

Speaker 1

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Bridge Investment Group conference call to review our Q4 and full year 2023 financial results. Prepared remarks include comments from our Executive Chairman, Robert Morse Chief Executive Officer, Jonathan Slager and Chief Financial Officer, Katie Elsznam. We will hold a Q and A session following the prepared remarks. I'd like to remind you that today's call may include forward looking statements, which are uncertain, outside the firm's control and may differ materially from actual results.

Speaker 1

We do not undertake any duty to update these statements. For a discussion of some of the risks that could affect results, please see the Risk Factors section of our Form 10 ks. During the call, we will also discuss certain non GAAP financial metrics. The reconciliation of the non GAAP metrics are provided in the appendix of our supplemental slides. The supplemental materials are accessible on our IR website at ir.bridgeig.com.

Speaker 1

These slides can be found under the Presentations portion of the site along with the Q4 earnings call event link. They are also available live during the webcast. I will present our GAAP metrics, and Katie will review and analyze our non GAAP data. We reported GAAP net income to the company for the Q4 of 2023 of approximately $700,000 On a basic and diluted basis, net loss attributable to Bridge per share of Class A common stock was $0.20 mostly due to changes in non cash items. Distributable earnings of the operating company were $25,300,000 or $0.14 per share after tax and our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.07 per share, which will be paid to shareholders of record as of March 8.

Speaker 1

It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to Bob.

Speaker 2

Thank you, Bonnie, and good morning to all. Despite difficult 4th quarter results impacted by low transaction volumes as asset prices continued to reset and modest year end capital raising activity, Bridge continues to have a resilient business with a distinctive confidence in targeted real estate, credit and secondary strategies. Even with challenging financial results for the Q4, our yearly results and outlook for 2024 present a brighter perspective. On a general basis, projected growth for alternatives broadly defined remains strong. The Bridge brand continues to grow globally and the discipline we practiced in 2023 serves us well as a patient and capable steward of capital.

Speaker 2

Financially, for the full year, our fee earning AUM increased 25% year over year to $21,700,000,000 and recurring management fees increased 18 percent to $228,000,000 The Federal Reserve's recent actions and announcements, including an appearance by Jay Powell on 60 Minutes, highlight how 2024 should represent a pivot point to interest rate cuts, which in our view has meaningfully positive implications for real assets, transaction markets and the broader private markets ecosystem. While rates may be slow to decline, they are likely headed in a more constructive direction with respect to asset pricing in a departure from the past 18 months. We believe our patience over the last couple of years has been warranted and rewarded and further believe that now is the time to lean in on attractive values. As an example, we are seeing quality value add residential rental assets in some cases priced at 6 plus percent cap rates. As difficult as cap rate expansion has been, in our portfolios, this has been meaningfully offset by improved operating metrics.

Speaker 2

Today, we believe the generational opportunity to acquire at attractive entry prices is compelling. While transaction volumes broadly have not yet recovered, we are seeing signs of optimism with bid ask spreads narrowing and seller reluctance giving way to seller capitulation. With $3,400,000,000 of dry powder, we believe now is the time to start wading back into the water. Our recently published 2024 outlook called Navigating the Curve outlines our perspective and provides details on why we feel so strongly about investing in the areas where Bridges develop distinctive competencies. We see this cycle of opportunities across many sectors of real estate equity, private credit and private equity secondaries.

Speaker 2

With this as a backdrop, Bridge's selected areas of focus, residential rental, logistics, private real estate credit and secondaries are poised to outperform. First, the residential rental sector, a core area for Bridge, continues to experience robust long term secular growth drivers. The interplay between chronically low supply growth and durable demographic tailwinds has created a persistent imbalance that is expected to propel rent growth. While certain markets experienced overbuilding during the pandemic, near pipelines have begun to wane due to higher development costs and lower availability of construction debt and equity capital. With the long term investment thesis intact in residential rental housing, our platforms and strategies have a generational opportunity to capitalize on cyclically lower asset values with the ability to further drive above average returns from select distressed situations.

Speaker 2

Of course, navigating markets, submarkets, asset characteristics and other criteria is neither easy nor straightforward and optimizing what one acquires or develops takes focus and expertise. Our specialized teams bring these capabilities to every transaction from first look to final disposition. In real estate credit, we are equally bullish. We can see continued demand for real estate credit in an increasingly bifurcated marketplace. Regional and local bank lenders are effectively out of the markets.

Speaker 2

JPMorgan's Jamie Dimon has stated that private debt funds should be dancing in the streets. And although we are showing some more restraint, we see enormous opportunity to provide critical capital to asset owners at pricing, terms and covenants that are attractive. With the market options narrowed for borrowers, private credit providers like Bridger are in a prime position to be selective, attracting high quality borrowers under favorable terms. Our historical focus on residential rental lending has the added benefit of strong collateral to protect principal. Logistics Real Estate Strategies continue to see strong fundamentals.

Speaker 2

The sector has experienced robust demand tailwinds over the past decade, and we anticipate these will persist with sustained e commerce growth, global trade alignment, on shoring and the growth in business inventories. Each of these factors highlight the need for logistics infrastructure across the U. S. Over the next decade. Given the sea change in interest rates, with valuations down and increased pressures to create liquidity for some asset owners, we anticipate seeing increased opportunities for acquisitions at compelling discounts to replacement costs.

Speaker 2

Of course, like residential rental, where one invests is critically important. We field on the ground teams in the most attractive markets, notably Southern California, New York, New Jersey, South Florida and Dallas Fort Worth, and we source much of our deal flow off market. Similarly, our private equity secondaries business is also experiencing powerful tailwinds. The overall secondaries market is growing as private markets become increasingly dynamic and complex, driving LP demand for sophisticated liquidity solutions. The surge in primary investment commitments over the past several years along with a significant decrease in exit activity and distributions will create meaningful opportunities for the secondary market in the coming years.

Speaker 2

Real estate capital raising was challenged in 2023 for Bridge and the industry in general, characterized by a reset of valuation parameters, muted transaction activity and general market uncertainty. Against this backdrop, Bridge raised $334,000,000 of new capital in the Q4 and $1,600,000,000 for the full year 2023. For most of 2023, our large flagship funds were in their investment periods and therefore not actively fundraising. This has changed for 2024. In the Q4 of 2023, we held an initial close for our latest debt strategies vehicle and we will be actively fundraising for this vehicle throughout 2024.

Speaker 2

In addition, 2024 capital raising activities will include vehicles from our other 4 horsemen, including the next vintage of our acclaimed workforce and affordable housing strategy, the continued marketing of the current vehicle in our Newberry's partner secondary strategy and the current vintage of our logistics value add strategy. Although these strategies will represent the bulk of capital raising focus, we have other attractive vehicles and initiatives to further drive our business and evolution. Bridge wrapped up our 1st year with our secondaries team and we're excited about the long term prospects for this strategy. 2023 for this strategy was largely focused on integrating new business under the Bridgeland umbrella. We are seeing encouraging capital raising activity with repeat Newberry investors and expect 2024 to be successful from both a fundraising and deployment perspective.

Speaker 2

Looking forward, we are seeing a major shift in sentiment from LPs looking to allocate capital in 2024 versus 2023. Our capital raising teams are averaging 50 plus meetings per week, which is up materially from last year. In addition, this heightened level of client interaction has progressed LP due diligence processes across multiple Bridge products, including an increase in cross selling activity. Based on the pipeline we see today, we expect the fundraising trend experienced in the Q4 to persist in the Q1. However, the high level of activity and constructive dialogue with LPs gives us confidence that inflow should improve over the course of the year.

Speaker 2

We have continued to invest in and expand our capital raising organization. We're adding sales coverage personnel based in Dubai to deepen our coverage in the Middle East and to enable more focus on Continental Europe and Scandinavia. We will continue to invest in capital raising both in international markets as well as in the U. S. Over the last year, we have added both senior and junior talent to focus on growing and servicing our large institutional and wealth platform coverage as well as to add true accredited investor retail coverage.

Speaker 2

1 early 2024 bright spot, our wealth platform, which already counts most of the major wealth management platforms as management platforms as distributors has added yet another in the Q1. This new relationship has added our current Opportunity Zone vehicle to their client offering. We're looking forward to pursuing the prospects of additional business with them in the future. As we have discussed on previous earnings calls, we have been exploring ways to expand our retail capital efforts by making certain strategies accessible to accredited investors, thereby broadening our potential investor base. We launched an accredited investor focused product within our net lease industrial income strategy earlier this year.

Speaker 2

Since inception in 2021, the Bridge net lease industrial income team has invested more than $700,000,000 into industrial net lease the consistent income generation and inflation hedging attributes will be more attractive to this new constituency. With household wealth estimated in excess of $50,000,000,000,000 in North America alone and the allocations to alternatives less than 5%, the total addressable market is enormous and growing rapidly. We expect in the future to add additional retail vehicles which offer specialized exposure to areas in which Bridge has demonstrated competitive expertise. With that, I will turn the call over to Jonathan.

Speaker 3

Thank you, Bob, and good morning. In the Q4, industry wide commercial real estate transaction volumes remained at depressed levels as higher interest rates and volatility within the debt capital markets continued to weigh on activity. For the latest Real Capital Analytics data, industry transaction volume for 2023 was down 50% year over year, the sharpest year over year decline since 2,009. The experience from our investment teams in Q4 confirmed that data as bid ask spreads remain wide and deals were challenging to consummate. With the significant reset in asset pricing and strong long term demand drivers, particularly for residential and logistics real estate, we believe the cost basis for properties acquired in 2024 will look attractive in years to come.

Speaker 3

We believe there will be both opportunity and some choppiness in valuation resetting as sales stimulated by interest rate induced liquidity issues hit the market over the coming months. We also see a slowing in operating trends for certain submarkets with near term supply issues, but most of these continue to be high growth market where we expect With interest rates now reaching their peak and poised to decline and given the scale of dry powder in both equity and debt markets for commercial real estate, we anticipate macroeconomic trends to become a tailwind in helping market prices recover and transaction volumes rebound to pre pandemic levels. Even though it will take time, the building blocks for real estate resurgence are becoming evident. Against this backdrop, Bridge's deployment during the quarter was mostly centered on our opportunity zone, credit and secondary strategies. While transaction activity remains muted, our pipelines are beginning to build and we have $461,000,000 of equity deployment under our control and subject to due diligence.

Speaker 3

While we are encouraged by the increased level of deal sourcing, our pipelines remain well below normal activity levels. With $3,400,000,000 of dry powder and deep and longstanding relationships with lenders and owners, we are well positioned to find attractive opportunities as the broader market normalizes. With the exception of office, the operating trends in most of our property portfolios remains healthy, though they may have moderated from their peak levels. Bridge's vertical integration and operational focus continues to drive results. Multifamily and workforce same store effective rent growth for Q4 increased 2.2% year over year.

Speaker 3

Our apartment communities are benefiting from the effects of a strong labor market on our resident base. The levels of supply pipelines will have near term impacts in certain submarkets. Single family rental has been a standout from a performance perspective. Fundamentals in our latest single family rental portfolio are strong with a 7% year over year rent growth in Q4 and over 9% in 2023 as a whole. Investor interest in the sector has rebounded with several large scale transactions announced recently, including an M and A deal and improved debt financing markets.

Speaker 3

In our logistics vertical, the portfolio continues to experience historically low vacancy rates, aided by continued supply demand imbalance supported by e commerce space demands. Like multifamily, there have been some markets that experienced high deliveries, but most of them are not submarkets we invest in, and overall occupancies remain at historically high levels in the industrial market. Leasing outperformance continues to drive portfolio returns, with Bridge's portfolio net effective rent exceeding original acquisition underwriting by 25% in 2023. Now turning to investment performance. Excluding office, our equity real estate portfolios were down approximately 3% in Q4 and 5.1% in 2023 as a whole, as higher current income was offset by slightly more conservative terminal values and cap rates.

Speaker 3

The 4th quarter was characterized by continued uncertainty over asset values in the marketplace as persistent interest rate volatility weighed on price discovery. As holders of assets and closed end funds with long fund durations, we have the wherewithal to withstand short term capital markets volatility as we focus on improving operations at the property level to maximize future exit values. In our credit strategies, the increase in base rates has supported a strong distribution yield. Looking ahead, the future earnings of Bridge will benefit significantly as real estate transaction markets inevitably recover. I'll now turn the call over to Katie.

Speaker 4

Thank you, Jonathan. Bridge delivered resilient performance for 2023 amidst a challenging external operating environment. Recurring fund management fees increased 18% year over year and fee earning AUM increased 25% year over year to $21,700,000,000 aided by the acquisition of our secondary business. Fund management fees in Q4 were negatively impacted by a $5,700,000 write off related to Office Fund 1 fees deemed uncollectible. Management fee revenue was also lower due to the timing of higher placement agencies that were noted on last quarter's earnings call.

Speaker 4

Adjusted for the prior period office write off, management fees would have been $60,700,000 The headwinds in the office sector have been well documented across the industry. By the end of 2023, Office Fund 1 was unable to align with a significant portion of its lenders on a restructuring plan. Market conditions have deteriorated further such that it is unlikely that we can create needed liquidity with additional asset sales or incremental equity infusion. Discussions with lenders also continue to be inconclusive, which has led us to assume that we can no longer expect to collect management fees for Fund 1. While market conditions have limited our options in the near term, we will continue to work closely and cooperatively with our lenders and pursue any avenues for positive outcomes for our investors.

Speaker 4

Going forward, we do not expect to recognize further management fee revenue on Office Fund 1. As such, recurring fund management fees from the Office vertical will decrease from approximately $2,300,000 in Q3 or 3.7 percent of recurring fund management fees to approximately $729,000 a quarter or 1.2% of recurring fund management fees. This will continue to be less meaningful as other parts of our business grow. From a fee earning AUM perspective, Office Fund 1 was small at 2%. Additionally, our balance sheet commitment to Fund 1 is comprised entirely of an unsecured loan to the fund for $15,000,000 which generated approximately $711,000 of interest income during 2023 and is included as a receivable on the balance sheet.

Speaker 4

Based upon the equity in the fund, the loan is collectible as of December 31, 2023. However, if conditions in the office sector do not improve, the recoverability of the loan is uncertain. Office Fund II, which was generally invested as a more favorable vintage during the pandemic at current market valuations has positive performance in spite of market headwinds within the office sector. While the assets are performing relatively operationally, if the current market conditions continue into 2025, the fund may be constrained by limited liquidity. Our fee earning AUM exposure to Office Fund II is small with fee earning AUM of $184,000,000 representing just under 1%.

Speaker 4

Our balance sheet commitment to Office Fund II is comprised of a GP equity commitment of $15,000,000 a $13,000,000 unsecured loan to the fund, which generates $565,000 of annual interest income. We continue to recognize interest income on this loan. While we remain committed to protecting investor capital in the office vertical, the vast majority of our AUM and profitability has been in our other real estate equity and credit and secondary strategies. Moving further in our results, fee earning AUM decreased slightly by $75,000,000 from last quarter, primarily due to a $461,000,000 decrease in fee earning AUM related to Bridge Office Fund I, partially offset by inflows, which Bob described earlier. Over 97% of our fee earning AUM is in long term closed end funds that have no redemption features and a weighted average duration of 6.8 years.

Speaker 4

Fee related earnings to the operating company were $28,500,000 in the quarter, down $7,500,000 from Q3, mostly driven by the impact of Office Fund 1 and lower transaction revenue and partially offset by lower fee related expenses. The lower fee related expenses were impacted by the slower operating environment during the quarter. While the organization remains disciplined on expense management, we would expect an increase to fee related expenses more in line with inflation to begin the year. While Johnson noted that we think transaction activity is beginning to pick up, that will take time before we start to see a material financial impact. As such, we expect a more muted level of transaction revenue in the near term.

Speaker 4

Fee related margins will continue impacted to the extent we have lower transaction catch up fees. As transaction and capital raising volumes normalize, you will see a movement of our margins towards our longer term average of 50%. Distributable earnings to the operating company for the quarter were $25,300,000 with after tax DE per share of $0.14 a decrease of $0.85 from last quarter, mostly due to the items discussed previously. $0.03 from Office Fund 1 impact, dollars 0.03 in lower transaction fees and $0.03 in lower net realizations, offset by lower fee related expense of $0.015 Realizations for the quarter were mostly comprised of tax distributions within the debt strategies. Realization revenue in the near term is expected to remain subdued.

Speaker 4

However, we are well positioned for an eventual acceleration in the context of improving liquidity in the real estate transaction market. Net accrued performance revenue on the balance sheet stands at $382,000,000 Net insurance income decreased during the quarter related to new stop loss policies that have planes front loaded during the contract period, which runs from June to June. Finally, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.07 per share payable to shareholders of record on March 8. This dividend represents a lower percentage of our distributable earnings than in previous quarters and the retained cash will allow us to invest in our business and strengthen our balance sheet. With that, I'd like to now open the call for questions.

Operator

Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. Our first question comes from the line of Tumor Mokay with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.

Speaker 5

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. It's Chuma Mokwa here from Morgan Stanley standing in for Michael Cyprys. Just a quick question on your access to financing. Interested in some of the comments you made about inconclusive conversations with the banks.

Speaker 5

So just remind us how reliant you are on bank financing, generally speaking, across the business? And how are those relationships now relative to, say, a year ago? And what sort of conversations are you having with your banking partners? And how different is that by strategy? Or how do you characterize that across the board?

Speaker 6

Good morning, Chua. Thank you for the question. This is Bob Moore speaking. And I'll start out. Katie, I'm sure, will have some comments as well.

Speaker 6

That's a complex question in an evolving market place. I think in general, our relationship with our leverage providers broadly defined are quite good. There are multiple elements of that. We have some term leverage at our public company level with a number of insurance companies and those relationships, of course, remain strong. We have a line of credit as well.

Speaker 6

We finance at the asset level, we finance with a variety of sources and the fund We finance our residential rental assets primarily with agencies Fannie and Freddie and they are open for business actually their pipelines are not terribly large and their appetite is strong, particularly on the workforce and affordable housing side, where it's a priority for them as well as for us to finance workforce and affordable housing assets and capacity. Across our other verticals, we rely on a variety of lenders, some agency, some securitization markets, some direct lending with different banks, local banks, regional banks, some debt funds, etcetera. And in general, the market is returning to some health at this point. It's very different depending on the strategy. The amount of appetite for office assets is pretty low, quite low.

Speaker 6

The appetite for logistics assets, residential rental assets, the financing vehicle we have in place for our net lease activities is quite strong as well. We've worked hard over the years to create a diverse and robust universe of lenders across the different parts of the business that we pursue, and those relationships have certainly paid dividends in the more difficult times of 20222023. Like many markets and like our remarks suggested, the financing market seem to be on a path towards more normalization at this point. We're seeing some lenders who actually are professing an increased appetite to increase exposure with us and undoubtedly with others as well as markets normalize. Katie, would you add anything to that?

Speaker 4

The only thing I think that I would add is that we do have a relationship with lending relationships with almost 40 financial institutions. And related to we pride ourselves in making sure that we communicate clearly and accurately to our investors and we try to be very good lending partners and we work very well with them.

Speaker 5

Excellent. Thank you both for the color there. And as a follow-up, just want to turn to fundraising. I hear you on the Q1 will be a bit lighter and then you should expect that to pick up as you go through the year. Just curious how would you characterize the total quantum of fundraising you're expecting for 2024, I guess, in the context of either the sort of €4,000,000,000 to €5,000,000,000 range you did in 2021 2022 understanding, of course, that you had multifamily, your flagship in the market than for those for that period.

Speaker 5

So just curious, how should we think about that relative to the, call it, just on the $2,000,000,000 you did for 2023, how should we think about 20 24?

Speaker 6

$2,000,000,000 for 2023 was a struggle. It was a struggle as we said because the markets were not terribly interested in real estate at that point And the funds that we had on offer, the vehicles that we had an offer were not necessarily our flagship vehicles. We're entering we've entered 2024 with a lineup of investment vehicles that are that are later in their series, well performing, popular, etcetera. We think that the fundraising market has improved as the calendar page has turned, And certainly, that is reflected in the amount of dialogue that we've been having. It's also a product of the investments that we've made in our Client Solutions Group, both domestically as well as non U.

Speaker 6

S. In a lot of respects. We have high aspirations in terms of fundraising for 2024 and beyond. We think that our funds, we think that our investment vehicles offer great opportunity and have residents across the suite of investor sectors, if you will. We referenced the continued interest and pursuit of a retail investment vehicle.

Speaker 6

And that obviously would represent a significant expansion of the potential investor base as well. So while we don't necessarily guide the future in terms of what we've accomplished in the past, we certainly don't look at the past as a limit to what we can do in the future.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Finian O'Shea with Wells Fargo Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Speaker 7

Hey, everyone. Thanks and good morning. So first question on the office fund, appreciate your color there, but a lot of value went away quickly. It sounds like this is still a risk without an improvement in liquidity conditions as you've cited. Does this mean that the bid ask spread is just still really wide?

Speaker 7

And if so, are you able to get sort of in front of the wall here to preserve value through refinancing or secondaries capital or so forth, even if that feels a little bit more painful today? And then on the sort of a follow-up there, In terms of how idiosyncratic or one off this event hopefully was, are there enough other situations that give you comfort where you've say received maturity extensions or found refinancing capital or was this kind of the first test against a larger financing wall? Thank you.

Speaker 6

Thanks, Fini. And Jonathan, do you want to tackle that question?

Speaker 3

Yes. Happy to and thanks for the question. I'm going to clarify that with respect to the bulk of our portfolios, which is non office, so industrial slash logistics and multifamily and other residential that we have significant liquidity. We have there's no concern with respect to our ability to manage our liquidity in those portfolios. With respect to office in particular, office is in a very unique situation where almost overnight it went from a circumstance where there was continued activity liquidity both on the debt and the equity markets to where the markets just basically seized up.

Speaker 3

And as a result, I think both lenders and equity investors have been trying to figure out how to proceed and what the market should be. And what was unique about Fund 1 was that it was literally in its sort of harvest period where it had maturities in a lot of the debt was structured so that it would mature at the time we were liquidating the assets. The time we were liquidating the assets was just as this the market was just completely seizing up. And so in a normal circumstance, you would be liquidating strong assets where you had significant equity value. That would create liquidity to restructure, refinance anything that needed to be done to extend it.

Speaker 3

But when you're in a situation where there's neither equity nor debt liquidity and the lenders are unclear and I think what we were alluding to with respect to Fund 1 was that the lenders have just been unwilling to give us feedback or provide us with enough guidance to be able to structure anything. And so we're sitting here kind of as these loans continue to mount in a situation where we just we don't know how that proceeds and the equity continues to erode in that fund. And so that's why we've made the difficult decisions that we've made. We think that we've pretty much taken most of the issues that we're going to take now with respect to Fund II, which is a much smaller fund and a really small part of our continuing ongoing AUM as a business, sure, there's a possibility that if the market doesn't on the office side, if the market doesn't clear and we don't start to see more sources of capital either equity or debt or a combination thereon, that yes, that could start to be a problem with respect to that. But again, as that relates to Bridge Investment Group or BRDG, it's a relatively small item.

Speaker 3

As it relates to our reputation with our LPs, it's very important. And so, we're working really hard to do everything we can. But we as Bob said, we've continued to be super transparent. Everybody's seen the effort. We're continuing to be committed to doing everything we can to return capital to LPs and to support our bank and lending relationships, which seem to have survived really well because they're all very understanding of this larger problem.

Speaker 3

It's not a bridge problem. It's a larger problem in the office market overall.

Speaker 4

Thanks, Jonathan. I think one other thing that's helpful to add, if you look at Bridge and exclude the office assets, we have less than 10% of our loans maturing in the next 12 months.

Speaker 7

That's very helpful. Thank you both. And just a follow-up, I guess, on the broader portfolio or the core multifamily business lines. You've generally described your strategy as value add, which to our understanding can be more light or more heavy, but translates to a lower cash flowing issuer profile. You're putting money into So how are you navigating like the market liquidity headwind, specifically our cash constraints at the property level, stalling your value add plan execution and our exit rent expectations holding up to underwriting?

Speaker 7

Thank you.

Speaker 3

What was the last part was you asked just so I can clarify Finian, did you ask about the exit plan expectations? Is that what you?

Speaker 7

Yes. So just generally, are you able to enact your value add plan and as okay. Thank you.

Speaker 8

Yes.

Speaker 3

We have a very robust and part of what I think distinguishes Bridge is its integration between its asset management and its property management on the ground. And we have really sophisticated tracking mechanisms to determine whether we are getting paid for making the investment in the value add improvements. And in terms of that, it's a case market by market basis, and we always adjust based on what's happening in the market. Broadly speaking, we are in the strongest of the markets. We are continuing to see significant value in doing the renovations, but there are also a lot of markets where there's supply issues, which we've alluded to in some of our comments that we think are near term because these are high growth markets where there's a lot of demand.

Speaker 3

And so we adjust and moderate accordingly. In terms of liquidity, if that's the question or availability of capital to do it, we don't rely on leverage to do those plans. Those are funded out of subsequent equity. And we continue to have sufficient capital in each of our funds to support our original business plan as long as the market continues to support it.

Speaker 6

Very helpful. Thanks so much. Finian, I would add and I believe this is something that we alluded to in our prepared remarks that when we look at the results of our value add process, we of course, when we acquire an asset, we have a detailed projected pro form a in place that costs out everything that we're going to do, that attributes revenue to the actions that we undertake, etcetera. And we would characterize those as achievable, but in part aspirational in some respects. And overall, we're double digits ahead of those pro formas in terms of the actual NOI created at our residential rental multifamily assets.

Speaker 6

That varies a little bit by fund, but the overall trend is a positive trend. And I think it comes from understanding what resonates with residents and potential residents. It comes from being cost effective in implementing those renovations, both in the common areas early on in the ownership of an asset and as units become vacant in the ongoing ownership of an asset and making sure that we're getting paid for what we're doing. But we think that the value add process and our day to day management of that value add process really creates a meaningful amount of alpha at the asset level. Over the course of the last year or so, maybe more than a year, we've seen cap rates increase as interest rates have gone up.

Speaker 6

In some instances, those cap rate increases have been offset and in some cases meaningfully offset by the NOI increases that the value add process has created at the asset level. So it's a process pays dividends in good times and in more difficult times. Awesome. Thank you. Thanks for the question.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ken Worthington with JPMorgan. Please proceed with your question.

Speaker 9

Hi, good morning. So performance is holding up well in certain of your verticals under pressure elsewhere. And I know the focus has been office this quarter. But as we look to Multifamily 5, it seems that fund continues to struggle. Now you have dry powder, but there seems to be a pretty big hole here.

Speaker 9

How does a more benign interest rate environment or time or investment resolve the performance here? Or given the depth of the whole is this fund sort of destined to be a poor performer?

Speaker 3

Do you want me to do that one, Bob?

Speaker 6

Yes. Why don't you start, Jonathan, please?

Speaker 3

Yes. I mean, Ken,

Speaker 6

no one has the crystal ball, but

Speaker 3

I think we're sitting here. Our perspective is that there's been what I would consider an overcorrection in the multifamily valuation. I think that broadly, it's been when you look at the compression the expansion of cap rates and the impact on values on kind of like for like net operating income, it's about a 30% drop, which is very meaningful when you think about it, especially with respect to leverage. That being said, we have a very strongly held house view that interest rates are going to come back down as inflation comes down and as the Fed makes their moves, yield curves normalize. We think that will contribute, but we also see significant amounts of dry powder and long term secular demand in the multifamily sector that will also drive cap rates back down.

Speaker 3

So we expect them to kind of move back down and mean revert. That will recover a lot. And as Bob alluded to, we are well ahead on our NOI targets and our underwritten operating performance at the asset level. And the combination of those two things we expect will generate positive recovery of the existing portfolio. And then we've got the remaining half of the portfolio where we're able to buy, we think, assets at what will look like incredibly attractive positions.

Speaker 3

And so when you start taking those 2 together, we still have hopes very high hopes that the performance of this fund will be solid. And will it be as good as some of our highest performing vintages? No. But not all vintages are traded equal, but I do think it will be an outperformer relative to its peers in the same vintage, which at the end of the day is probably how the market will measure us.

Speaker 4

And I think some additional color and this also relates to the previous far. Return on investment on the 3,000 assets that we've upgraded so far. So we are seeing that play out in the fund strategy as well.

Speaker 9

Okay. Thank you.

Speaker 6

Not to pile on too much, but the tailwinds in the fundamental tailwinds in multifamily are enormous. We're in an era today where it costs so much more to own than it does to rent. There are a number of aspirational homeowners who are now renters by necessity. There are a number of people who just choose to rent for extended periods of time over their life cycles. And we have a housing shortage in the U.

Speaker 6

S. So we think that our ownership and operation of these communities really speaks to the needs of folks who comprise that great big cohort of the U. S. Population. We think that we also have developed over the decades an ability to very cost effectively manage these communities on behalf of our investors, on behalf of our residents to provide a great experience for the residents.

Speaker 6

And that's reflected in very high occupancies. It's reflected, as Katie said, in the metrics around financial performance. And the Multifamily Fund V vintage started off at a peak time, but it's ending up with investments at some pretty attractive value. So when you average that out and you overlay the operating metrics and performance that we seek to achieve. It should be, as Jonathan said, a very solid vintage and certainly for something that was sort of in the apex of the market.

Speaker 6

If that's the downside, it's we think it will be very solid.

Speaker 9

Okay, great. Thank you. And maybe a question just on how your clients are reacting. So if office is struggling and I hear you on multifamily, maybe at the it seems to be struggling now. To what extent is the Bridge brand being impacted here by a couple of these areas that are struggling?

Speaker 9

And does the performance in these verticals flow through to impact fundraising in 2024 in areas that are more in favor or performing better like cross sell, like we think like Newbury, it's like cross sell is a factor here for secondaries and some of the other verticals. Are you seeing or hearing any flow through from investors in these struggling areas maybe impacting

Speaker 6

It's interesting. It's a really good question. It's a question that we care deeply about or an issue we care deeply about in terms of what our brand is and how we maintain and enhance the value of our brand. We start off with comprehensive and transparent communication and the view that bad news doesn't get better with time and we seek to be very transparent in terms of what we do. One vignette, I was with a significant investor of ours as well as others and we were talking about this very issue and I had mentioned the difference in performance between a couple of vintages of 1 of our funds and they stopped me and said, if you're about to apologize, do not apologize.

Speaker 6

Your relative performance has been so much stronger than the other than the other entities in which we've invested for the same strategy. So my point is relative performance matters and we think in good times we will outperform in our areas of competitive differentiation. We think in bad times we will out perform not as much, but certainly on a relative basis outperform as well. We have a amongst other things, we have the next vintage of our workforce and affordable housing investment vehicle that is in the market now. The early returns are very, very strong with respect to that.

Speaker 6

And that's a pretty close variant to all the experiences in multifamily. And as Jonathan said, there's in the or maybe just say it another way, in the teens from 2014 to 2020 or so, there was really very little J curve as it related to the investment vehicles when they were launched because asset values were going up. Now there is a J curve again and we think that the back end of that J curve will result in some pretty significant relative and absolute value that's created for investors. As it relates to the brand, we have found over the course of last year and this year and in the past as well that the value of our brand continues to grow. The recognition amongst the most prominent institutional investors continues to grow.

Speaker 6

The network of wealth management platforms with whom we have a dialogue and on whom we're distributed continues to grow. We mentioned that in our prepared remarks. And in each case, institutional investors, wealth management platforms, everybody have a lot of choices. And we seek to be a good solid choice that people can provide us with their capital and know that come good times and bad we will do as well as possibly can be done with that capital.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Adam Beady with UBS. Please proceed with your question.

Speaker 10

Thank you and good morning. Just wanted to ask about the 3% markdown across the portfolio in 4Q. Just thinking back to the environment at that point, it seemed like the rate outlook was getting better. Public markets were definitely optimistic. So just wanted to understand the dynamics here because the 3% was sort of the better part of the 5% for the full year.

Speaker 10

So that might have been a little bit unexpected. So just if you could, a little bit about what would drive the markdown to get a little bit worse in 4Q and also maybe which subsectors or verticals might have driven that? Thank you.

Speaker 6

Maybe, Alan, I'll start there and Jonathan, I'm sure we'll have some things to add as well. When you refer to the improving outlook, I think as it relates as your comments relate to broad market indices, that's absolutely true. And that's the crux of what we think creates the opportunity in real estate today. You have broad market indices, whether it be the S and P 500, whether it be NASDAQ, Dow or whatever that are at or near all time highs. We'll see when the market opens in 3 minutes, whether Navidea's blowout results are going to create new all time highs.

Speaker 6

And at the same time, in an environment of rising interest rates, you have real estate values that in our view continue to reset over the full course of 2023 including the 4th quarter. And it's there aren't many asset in our view, there aren't many asset classes like real estate that have pretty substantially reset. And we at the 2021 peak, when cap rates for different types of assets were bumping around what now are interpreted as cyclical lows, those cap rates have increased in some cases as much as 200 basis points, 250 basis points, 300 basis points over the course of the interest rate rises. And that's what in our view creates the opportunity for some generationally attractive entry points in real estate at this point. Part of the valuation process, which we go through certainly acknowledges the cap rate increases from the selected transactional activity that occurred over the course of the Q4 of 2020 3 and earlier quarters as well.

Speaker 6

It also incorporates some of the operational improvements that we were able to achieve at our assets. And so the 3% is a net of that. But more broadly, we think that resetting of valuation parameters has created a pretty terrific entry point in our view and makes it appropriate to start waiting back into the water. Jonathan, any incremental comments to that?

Speaker 3

No, I think you did a good job, Bob. I think the bulk of it really is in the multifamily side, which obviously that's the largest part of our AUM. And I think I guess the perspective that we have held is

Speaker 6

we took a

Speaker 3

lot of time on valuations because there's so little clarity. I think it's a simple truth. There's very low transaction volumes. The transactions that happen, the cap rates that are evidenced are very broad and very wide even within the same markets and similar vintage and similar quality assets. So we spend a lot of time with our audit partners.

Speaker 3

We spent a lot of time with I can tell you right now that the normal best information comes from the brokerage industry and the brokers are they're just throwing up their hands saying, we don't really know. So I think that's what's me kind of marking things challenging. We've always prided ourselves on trying to be as conservative as we can in marking without being extreme. And so we hope we found the balance here. And the year end, that was how the numbers came out.

Speaker 3

I would add one other thing, which was interesting, which was Q4, even though it seemed that there was some relief in sight with interest rates starting to move, we also started to see them move in a different direction. And so what's happened every time we felt like we were getting to a place where the volumes were starting to return and people were ready to transact, the Fed says, okay, we're going to probably be at the end of our hiking cycle. And all of a sudden, sellers pull properties off the market saying, well, maybe the values are going to be better next year, so we'll wait. So it's been really interesting both in terms of trying to understand when transaction volumes will recover and exactly where trades are to try to put good marks on things. And candidly, on a positive note, we are under no pressure in any of our funds to trade in this market unless we get a great price.

Speaker 3

So we've gotten a few assets sold that we felt like we had really attractive pricing and we got really great returns on, just to kind of start to realize some of the assets in our older portfolios. I think we did a really successful recapitalization of our Fund III Vintage to print a really good total return for our investors. And so I think overall, it's just right now the bulk of those marks really are related to multifamily. And as I said in our remarks, we're feeling that's going to be we're going to see recovery on that as the debt markets stabilize as interest rates come down, which they inevitably will.

Speaker 10

That's great. Thank you for all those details. I appreciate that. And then just a quick follow-up on just those latest remarks, because Bob in prepared mentioned seller capitulation. And so it seems like as the rate outlook changes, maybe sellers are capitulating or uncapitulating or what have you.

Speaker 10

But just wondering what you're seeing and what areas in particular you're seeing more capitulation, which may be, while painful, may be healing for the markets ultimately? Thank you.

Speaker 3

Yes. We're I think right now, the capitulation is really slow, I guess, is the best way I could say it. And I think that we have the time when we're actually going to see the market opening up more broadly is after we start to actually stabilize. And the same thing when we talk about the dry powder on the equity side, we also see dry powder on the private debt side, where there's a lot of lenders that are starting to say, hey, I want to get aggressive to try to get some transaction volume even in the slow market. We're seeing them start to tighten their spreads a little bit and the indexes need to kind of improve a little bit and we need to get a more normal yield curve.

Speaker 3

And when we get all that, then we're going to start to see volumes return, value start to recover. Between now and then, it will be the lenders are starting to bring us things, and we're starting to see some interestingly structured portfolios that really were you saw regional sponsors who didn't have the wherewithal to raise new capital into their vehicles and the just rapid rise in interest rates have essentially and cap rates have essentially wiped out most of their equity and made it impossible for them to continue to service debt. So we're starting to see some of that happening with lenders, but we haven't seen it in any large volume. And I think it's going to take another just like you saw with the GFC, I think it's going to take the next 18, 24 months for that to redispersed itself into the market. But again, on a really positive note, I would say, we do think that once the market starts to open back up, there's going to be a little bit of a rebound effect, right, because there's been almost there will have been almost 2 years of very, very slow transaction volume, well below kind of call it market norms.

Speaker 3

And that will be a lot of pent up demand for regular weight selling for people who are at a set of point where they need to realize their assets and they have a good basis. And they can make maybe not as much profit as they would have at peak, but a nice profit. And we'll start to see some of that those challenged assets flow through the system either through short sales or through lenders taking things back. And we are the great thing about Bridge is we are in active dialogue, have great relationships across all of the owners and sellers as well as this broad base of lenders that we have deep and long that happened next quarter, then the following quarter, later this year, in that sense, we don't know. But we know it's coming and we're excited for it.

Speaker 10

Got it. Thank you. That's a clear picture of an unclear situation. Really appreciate it. Thank you.

Speaker 5

Right.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Bill Katz with TD Cowen. Please proceed with your question.

Speaker 8

Okay. Thank you very much and good morning everybody. So a couple of nested questions, so I apologize in advance. Just sort of thinking through some of your balance sheet exposure here and maybe a 2 part question. The first question is, can you sort of review what your sort of MAX exposure is in terms of on the asset side?

Speaker 8

And then I think within that you'd mentioned that there's some GP equity at risk here as well. Would that influence any kind of pressure to adjust your FRE related

Speaker 6

compensation? Bill, I'm sorry, maybe I don't understand the first part of the question as it relates to You

Speaker 8

mentioned, yes, sure. Sure. Sorry to interrupt you Bob. So the and thanks for the clarification. So you mentioned a couple of loans that are on your balance sheet that may not be fully recoverable.

Speaker 8

So I'm just sort of I'm looking through your balance sheet just trying to understand what kind of risk there might be in terms of a write off related to that. And then secondarily, I think you mentioned that there's some GP equity within the fund as well. I'm just sort of wondering to the extent that there needs to be any kind of adjustment to compensation to offset the lost earnings associated with that?

Speaker 6

I can answer the second part of the question. And Katie, you might want to touch on the first part of the question.

Speaker 4

Sure. And so for your reference Bill, there's 2 loans outstanding to our office funds. Office Fund 1 has a $15,000,000 loan outstanding and that's really the loan that we're monitoring for impairment and we'll continue to provide an update on. The second loan is Office Fund 2, which has a $13,000,000 loan. And based upon the performance right now, there are no indicators of potential future impairment.

Speaker 4

As it relates to Bridge's balance sheet GP investments, we do have a $15,000,000 GP commitment into Fund II for the office strategy.

Speaker 6

And Bill, we have significant GP contributions, both from existing employee owners into our funds as well as selected GP contributions from Bridge into our funds as well. The typical fund terms call for a minimum of X $1,000,000 per fund generally speaking. We exceed that minimum and often those GP commitments come from individual investor employees who were enthusiastic about the fund. Those in the aggregate across all of our funds past and present, those aggregate to the 100 literally to the 100 of 1,000,000 of dollars. So there's a pretty significant there's a very significant alignment between us as managers of investment vehicles and our LPs and that's something that we think is valuable.

Speaker 6

We think it's We think it's something that's expected and it's something that sharpens focus in a lot of respects. As it relates to compensation and adjusting compensation either related to any issues including the issues around Office 1, compensation is a product of a lot of different factors. It's product of firm performance, it's product of individual performance, it's product of the performance of the vertical that and we have a what we think is a very informed and sophisticated process that allows us to appropriately compensate our employees and our colleagues. And that compensation has a number of different elements to it, as you would expect. And there's been a lot of dialogue across alternative asset investment managers about what the right structure of compensation is.

Speaker 6

It's kind of interesting from our perspective as we see that dialogue, because I think we've been early adopters of the thought that employees should benefit when our LPs and shareholders benefit and that alignment should be pretty significant. So this particular incident, I don't believe will impact our compensation philosophy. It's way too early in 2024 to have any meaningful thoughts about where compensation will be in 2024. We run a very tight ship in terms of how many people we employ, how we structure our funds management infrastructure and investment teams in order to deliver really good results with an appropriate cost burden related to that. We think that we're amongst the leanest in the industry as it relates to that.

Speaker 6

And so we can deliver a really good waterfall of gross to net over the course of what we do.

Speaker 8

Great. Thank you.

Speaker 3

Hey, Bill, were you concerned about Bill, were you I'm just wanting to clarify whether we really answered the question you were after. I mean, you're concerned about the impact of FRE going forward. Is that kind of what you were driving at?

Speaker 8

Right. I was just wondering if there's going to be a need to make up if you had to write again, split fund too, so maybe I'm making more at than needs to be. I think I'm good on that question. My second question is just in terms of your balance sheet. Can you remind me of what the debt covenants are around the debt?

Speaker 8

And then relatedly, I guess, are you adjusting your dividend payout ratio? I know there's a lot of noise this particular quarter, but it looks like a much lower payout just on normalized earnings. So how do we think about the payout rate? And then just remind me of what the debt covenants are on your own debt?

Speaker 6

Katy?

Speaker 4

Happy to take this one. So I think for your reference, the primary covenant that you would be focused on would be, as defined in the terms of the agreement, a 3.75 leverage ratio. At this point in time, we're approximately a 3 times ratio, so we are very much in compliance. And then if you I apologize, what was the second part of the question?

Speaker 8

Yes. I'm sorry for the set of questions this morning. Just in terms of the dividend payout policy, it looks like it moved around a little bit this quarter. I'm assuming your husband had more capital. How How to think about that payout ratio in light of just sort of the depressed earnings, the conversation this morning and the need to reinvest back in parts of the business?

Speaker 8

Thank you.

Speaker 4

Sure. If you think about once we actually our distribution this quarter was really based upon the cash and so it did include the adjustments for the one time charges. And so ultimately it was about a 70% payout ratio, which obviously our dividend is subject to our board approval. But in the near term, I think that it's reasonable to expect a similar type ratio.

Speaker 3

Right. So we are adjusting. We're still trying to distribute reasonable amounts, but we're trying to moderate that so that we have additional strength on the balance sheet. So that's really

Speaker 2

the goal.

Speaker 8

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.

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