Green Plains Q4 2024 Earnings Report

Green Plains EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.86
• Consensus EPS: -$0.22
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.64
• One Year Ago EPS: $0.13

Green Plains Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: N/A
• Expected Revenue: $618.95 million
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Green Plains Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2024
• Date: 2/7/2025
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Friday, February 7, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 9:00AM ET

Green Plains (NASDAQ:GPRE) produces low-carbon fuels in the United States and internationally. It operates through three segments: Ethanol Production, Agribusiness and Energy Services, and Partnership. The Ethanol Production segment produces ethanol, distillers grains, and ultra-high protein and renewable corn oil. The Agribusiness and Energy Services segment engages in the grain procurement, handling and storage, commodity marketing business; and trading of ethanol, distiller grains, renewable corn oil, grain, natural gas, and other commodities in various markets. This segment also provides grain drying and storage services to grain producers. The Partnership segment offers fuel storage and transportation services. It operates 24 ethanol storage facilities; two fuel terminal facilities; and a fleet of approximately 2,180 leased railcars. The company was formerly known as Green Plains Renewable Energy, Inc. and changed its name to Green Plains Inc. in May 2014. Green Plains Inc. was incorporated in 2004 and is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska.

Green Plains Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Green Plains has launched a corporate and commercial restructuring targeting $50,000,000 in annualized cost savings, with the first $30,000,000 realized and a modest one‐time restructuring charge expected.
• The company idled its 120 million gallon Fairmont ethanol facility due to challenging ethanol margins and local grain basis issues, maintaining it in cold idle while preserving the option for carbon capture integration.
• In Q4 2024 Green Plains reported a net loss of $54.9 million (EPS –$0.86) and negative EBITDA of $18.9 million, offset by a full‐year 2024 EBITDA of $44.7 million despite margin pressures.
• The Nebraska carbon capture pipeline project remains on schedule for late Q3/early Q4 2025 startup, expected to contribute at least $130,000,000 in annual run‐rate cash flow under current credit valuations.
• Operational highlights include record corn oil yields (1.2–1.3 lbs/bushel) and the first large bulk sale of 50% protein to a major aquaculture customer, with growing interest in the 60% “sequence” protein product.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, and welcome to the Green Plains Inc. Fourth Quarter and Full Year twenty twenty four Earnings Conference Call. Following the company's prepared remarks, instructions will be provided for Q and A. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. I will now turn the call over to your host, Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Boggs, please go ahead.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Green Plains Inc. Fourth quarter and full year twenty twenty four earnings call. Joining me on today's call is Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer. There is a slide presentation available and you can find it on the Investor page under the Events and Presentations link on our website.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

During this call, we will be making forward looking statements, which are predictions, projections or other statements about future events. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could materially differ because of factors discussed in today's press release, and the comments made during this conference call and in the Risk Factors section of our Form 10 K, Form 10 Q and other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any duty to update any forward looking statement. Now, I'd like to turn the call over to Todd Becker.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thanks, Phil, and good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining our call today. As part of our ongoing strategic review, as you can see, we have executed a number of actions designed to improve our operating performance going forward and set ourselves up for when carbon comes on later this year in order to realize the maximum benefit from our protein oil and carbon footprint. Over the last several years, we invested significant capital to get our new products to market and the time has come to rationalize those costs among other decisions we have made. To accomplish significant cost savings and margin expansion, we took the necessary step of reorganizing our corporate and commercial functions to streamline and enhance our agility and resilience and to improve alignment around our core strategic focus. We have identified up to $50,000,000 in annualized cost savings and based on the actions we have already done this week.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We executed on the first thirty million dollars of improvements already. This included a move to smaller corporate workforce, winding down some of our innovation platform, attacking SG and A expenses, having a smaller executive leadership team with a number of executive departures and lastly looking at everything we do across the board that does not make us money. This was our natural move from innovation to commercialization including rationalization. We knew this day would come. As a result, we may incur a small one time restructuring charge in the first quarter which we do not believe will be significant or material.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

As part of this as well in January, we made a difficult decision to shut down our 120,000,000 gallon facility in Fairmont due to market conditions. This is not just the macro ethanol market, but the acute issues stemming from the flooding last spring in Southern Minnesota, which resulted in a short corn crop and elevated basis levels in that area, which we think will last throughout the year. We are keeping a skeleton crew to perform maintenance on the facility while it is in cold idle for the foreseeable future. The plant also needs a new upgrade to the grain handling and drying systems and permitting in Minnesota is just a long slog. If market conditions dictate, we can always bring this production back online, but we will be careful and thoughtful on this decision.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we are still planning for carbon capture to be in place at this plant, but we will talk more on that with regard to carbon later in the call. Now on to the quarter, we reported a net loss for the quarter of $54,900,000 or $0.86 per share. One thing I want you to notice though is we took a non cash income tax charge making our number look worse and Phil will talk about the settlement later in the call although we were disappointed that our EBITDA was negative for the fourth quarter yet in full 2024 the company earned $44,700,000 in EBITDA positive for the year, still a disappointing result. Phil will review all the specifics shortly. Again, when we look at EBITDA for Green Plains, the SG and A that plagues us is being attacked as we speak and we cannot continue to be set up to burn our SG and A like we did this quarter.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our standalone assets perform to the market standard at many of our locations or even sit at the top of the market stack yet our centralized structure was too large for a smaller production footprint and that is why we announced the restructuring today. While I can spend all day talking about the deterioration of the ethanol margins, you have heard it many times across industry earnings calls already. Market fundamentals were weak with high levels of production and elevated stocks with the one bright spot being strong exports as we are on pace to set a new record this year of approximately 1,900,000,000 gallons and we expect 2025 to exceed that. We were largely unhedged and open to the crush going into the fourth quarter which was the wrong choice to make as many of our shareholders have voiced hedging programs, this quarter would have been the one to hedge. As we enter into the month two of twenty twenty five, the market has remained under pressure.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yet when you look at where we have been historically in Q1 at this time, the forward curve is in better shape and position than is typical for this time of year, but we need to see either an increase in demand or a decrease in supply or both. We are watching planting attentions closely and we believe the setup for favorable industry fundamentals is in place although The U. S. Global the global market remains very tight on corn. So The U.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

S. Farmer will need to act on putting serious acres in the ground otherwise we are setting up for higher priced corn market in the future. Despite having extended seasonal maintenance at Mount Vernon during the quarter, which we said was coming on the prior call, we achieved an operating rate of 92 and expect to continue to operate in the mid-90s after the exclusion of Fairmont. Our plants continue to operate better and better every month and we are also focused on reducing our OpEx per gallon as well with many programs that are being kicked off as well there. We continued to track record for strong corn oil yields and yields at our MSC plant continue to push the upper end and what is possible with corn oil even exceeding 1.2 to 1.3 pounds per bushel.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Ultra high protein yields were also in line with prior quarters and we are constantly making improvements to the process at our MSC location, the overall volumes were lower than the record levels in Q3 due to the decision to take protein downtime in the quarter at Wood River to re baseline that plant in anticipation of carbon capture coming online later in the year. While the overall protein complex is under significant pressure from oversupply due to expanded domestic soy crushing capacity and it's becoming a bit ethanolized in that industry, there are definitely some bright spots as we move from innovation to commercialization. Just last week, we sold one of the largest aquaculture companies in the world, the largest amount of quantities we've sold to date which will be converted to bulk vessel and is repeat business as we expect into South America of 50% protein which is the result of three to four years of work. We see growing interest in our 60% sequence product from those same customers and others abroad as global tightness in corn has resulted in a tightening corn gluten meal market into destinations and the replacement product is, guess what, sequence. And we are determined to keeping this position as a premium product and not let it be commoditized and we are pricing it accordingly.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our legacy pet food customers extended their contract with us once again and we continue to focus on the growing market share in premium markets with our team and our distribution partnerships on pet food. The progress on carbon has been exceptional. The rulemaking is supportive to our company and shareholders and we remain on track to begin capturing biogenic CO2 in the second half of this year with these policies in place to support not only our decarbonized ethanol but our low carbon renewable corn oil as well. We continue to believe that the value of our net Nebraska assets are not reflected in our current share price. Carbon earnings are to begin later this year and will fundamentally transform the earnings power of our business and our valuation.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We are hearing and seeing individual transactions at a much higher multiple and per gallon valuations than traditional Generation one plant without carbon capture. With our reduced enterprise value based on the potential market for our decarbonized gallons, the Nebraska assets are more than our market cap alone and it makes absolutely no sense. And between that and our SG and A rationalization that sets us up for a significant rerate once again and we are looking forward to that. And now I'll hand the call over to Phil to provide an update on the overall financial results. I'll come back on the call to provide additional color and outlook on what we just discussed as there are really few there are a few really important factors to consider as we move forward together. Phil?

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you, Todd. Green Plains consolidated revenues for the fourth quarter were $584,000,000 which was $128,400,000 or approximately 18% lower than the same period a year ago. As it has been in the last couple of quarters, the lower revenue was attributable to lower market prices experienced for ethanol, dry distillers grains and renewable corn oil in Q4 of twenty twenty four as compared to the same period a year ago. While we have seen a decline in our commodity inputs with corn and natural gas down significantly year over year, the margin opportunity was significantly weaker for the quarter compared to the prior quarter and the prior year due to market oversupply as Todd has talked about. Our plant utilization rate was 92% during the fourth quarter compared to the 95% run rate reported in the same period last year.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

For the trailing four quarters, we have averaged a 94 utilization rate and we anticipate our operating plans to continue to perform in the mid 90% range of our stated capacity for the first quarter, excluding the impact of Fairmont being idled and barring any events outside of our control. For the quarter, we reported a net loss attributable to Green Plains of $54,900,000 or negative $0.86 per share per diluted share compared to net income of $7,200,000 or $0.12 per diluted share for the same period in 2023. As Todd mentioned, we had negative non cash tax adjustment to the quarter that impacted EPS. EBITDA for the quarter was negative $18,900,000 compared to $44,700,000 in the prior year period. Depreciation and amortization expense was lower by 2,900,000 versus a year ago at $21,400,000 For the fourth quarter, our SG and A costs for all segments, including our plants, was $25,600,000 7 point 2 million dollars lower than the prior year due to lower personnel costs and adjustments to incentive accruals. Remember, this includes our plant assets and the rationalization was almost all around our non plant costs. Interest expense of $7,700,000 for the quarter, which includes the impact of debt amortization and capitalized interest was $900,000 favorable to the prior year's fourth quarter. This decrease compared to prior year was primarily due to lower loan balances associated with the payoff of the Green Plains Partners debt retired in the third quarter of twenty twenty four. Our income tax for the quarter was $7,000,000 compared to a tax benefit of $300,000 for the same period in 2023.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

As both Todd and I outlined in our earlier comments, during the quarter, we reached a settlement in principle with the IRS Independent Office of Appeals regarding our R and D tax credit for the tax years 2013 through 2018. Due to the agreement, we booked $6,200,000 of tax for the year to increase our reserve for unrecognized tax benefits related to the R and D tax credit issue, net of our valuation allowance. At the end of the quarter, the federal net loss carryforward available to the company was $124,300,000 which may be carried forward indefinitely. Our normalized tax rate on a go forward basis is around 23% to 24%. Our liquidity position at the end of the year included $209,400,000 in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash along with approximately $200,700,000 available under our working capital revolver, a bit weaker due to the margin structure in the quarter.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

For the fourth quarter, we allocated $27,000,000 of capital expenditures across the platform, including $6,000,000 to our Clean Sugar initiative, about $7,000,000 to other growth initiatives and approximately $14,000,000 toward maintenance, safety and regulatory capital improvements. On a year to date basis, we have incurred capital expenditures of $95,000,000 in line with our prior estimates. We anticipate plant related CapEx for 2025 will be in the range of $20,000,000 to $35,000,000 as we have most of what is needed at this point for our platform. This range excludes the remaining balance of approximately $110,000,000 in carbon capture equipment needed for our Nebraska initiatives as we have financing in place to cover those needs. Now I'll turn the call back over to Todd.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. Thanks, Phil. And so let's walk through high points for our twenty twenty five initiatives that we want you to focus on. In carbon, major milestones continue to be hit. Tallgrass Trailblazer project has acquired all the necessary right of way to reach our three Nebraska facilities that we anticipate will be capturing carbon in the second half of this year.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Construction of pipeline laterals commenced and they remain on track to be completed late in the third quarter or early fourth quarter of twenty twenty five. We have spent significant time and effort to outline to you the financial benefit of this project, which continues to hold and could be better under the new rules. So let me focus on some of the recent highlights that are important for you to understand the significant reality of this project. First, the proposed rule could not have come out more favorably for Green Plains had we been drafting it ourselves. While not a final rule, it was printed in the IRB, the Internal Revenue Bulletin, and taxpayers can rely on it until such time Treasury or Congress would act.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our DCO has the lowest score among all the feedstocks for renewable diesel. Used cooking oil imports are no longer allowed for surface transportation fuels such as ARDS, renewable diesel and biodiesel. And with imported finished fuels also not qualifying under this producer credit, which was approximately 1,000,000,000 gallons annually, We anticipate a material appreciation in domestic vegetable oil values related to corn oil and have become to see this has begun to see this premium materialize for our corn oil. As we have a lot of it, the clear winner here is ethanol with carbon capture, A 32 reduction for plants that are able to execute near term, we see a clear advantage for our Nebraska footprint as we have reiterated to you and this translates to significant cash flow materializing later this year. With narrow margins in the House and Senate, we believe it is unlikely that 45z is eliminated in a reconciliation package and a lot of work is being done to get it actually extended.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Green Plains has completed the facility registrations for our clean fuel production credit for our Advantage Nebraska strategy. So to close, our outlook for the annualized run rate financial contribution for carbon across our two eighty seven million gallons in Nebraska footprint is on track for at least $130,000,000 using a $70 per ton private carbon credit value. This is net of operating expenses and the tolling fees on the pipeline as well as we are continuing to discount even for monetization. We have seen the strengthening in the distillers corn oil market since mid December since the guidance and the model were released as it is given its beneficial treatment under 45G and LCFS programs. We have the capacity to produce around 300,000,000 pounds of corn oil annually with Fairmont down.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So every 0.1 move in its value is another $30,000,000 in EBITDA and we have seen that help our forward margins. The State of Minnesota has granted the permits for the Summit Pipeline to reach our Fergus Falls facility even though they won't grant us a permit to build temporary grain piles. But we remain optimistic and hopeful that that project will make progress on permitting in 2025. Now let's talk about clean sugar. This exciting project can now make inspect sweeteners for use across a wide variety of food and industrial products.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

The wastewater challenge remains as we have outlined and we can only run the plant at about a third of capacity while we design a solution for either dealing with it on the back end, the front end or selling all industrial products that skips the ion exchange process yet leaves beneficial nutrients for fermentation. In the meantime, we have received Kosher and Halal certification. The food production license has been approved in the state of Iowa and that was the major hurdle to finalize our FSSC or Food Safety Certification Audit and we expect approval any day now. The technology is disruptive and breakthrough. The next build will either be standalone co locate either at a wet mill or a dry mill expansion of what our current wet mill can do or all of the above.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We're also testing a front end system used globally in order to not need wastewater solutions over the next few months at which time we can choose our best path to 100% capacity. Again, it is not a technology issue. This has the same potential we have discussed in the past. We continue to remain very excited on our successes so far. Unlike many technologies that have been developed around our industry whether around alcohol to jet fuel or cellulosic ethanol, we can actually make product, we can sell once we get our last certification.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

New technologies as you know are not easy to stand up yet our team has done an amazing job getting to a point where we are very close and know where the last step has to be addressed, but we need to be certain of that step before we put the last capital in. As noted earlier in the call, we had lower production volumes of ultra high protein during Q4 at our Green Plains plants due to the major project at the Mount Vernon ethanol facility we told you about last year as well as taking down Wood River to baseline the plant so we can understand the true total plant opportunity when carbon starts up. Margins remain under pressure in the protein space due to the availability of cheap competing project ingredients, yet we did generate positive EBITDA at all of our plants last year in the protein investment. While paybacks are taking a little longer than expected, we know that markets move over time. We are starting to see a better uptake of our products globally that trade at a premium or potentially get sequence off the ground as discussed earlier.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We continue to increase our sales to domestic pet and international Aqua customers, our key target growth areas. While we are still making adjustments to our production process for Sequans, we have started to increase production due to the demand and anticipate growing our sequence business substantially in 2025. We have also debottlenecked the ability to make 60% protein on the fly as our last run and current run that's taking place at Central City has little or no impact to plant operations as we have cracked the code on the biological formula to do this and we will try and roll out these findings across the platform. What we learned in Q4 and last year was that it's time to move on from investing and getting products to market acceptance and now try to fully monetize what we have done. This cannot be done without making the hard decisions on SG and A and assets like we have announced as we have set ourselves up for the remaining 2025 and the imminent startup for Carbon.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our investments have been made and we have very limited CapEx going forward other than carbon which does not use our balance sheet cash. We will focus on executing on the total $50,000,000 of savings identified, monetizing carbon, simplifying our structure, reducing or eliminating term debt, reducing our OpEx per gallon and continuing our strategic review as our complexity will be significantly reduced and we will be a much leaner and simpler company as carbon and protein earnings along with baseline corn oil cash flows reposition our company for the future. Let me reiterate on the last point. When we look at our current asset base most of our plants stand alone generate EBITDA positive or significant positive EBITDA at places like Central City, Obion, Shenandoah and now Wood River as we add carbon. Adding carbon to the Nebraska and those plants will be some of the highest margin plants in the country starting around Q4 or late Q3.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Fairmont has been shut down for now which will position our stack better and Mount Vernon and Madison are now once again back at rates even record rates after significant improvements. As we look forward, we must look back at what worked. We focused aggressive we focused on aggressively driving significant efficiencies across the we are focused on aggressively driving significant efficiencies across the organization including in our corporate and trade SG and A as we work to deliver the $50,000,000 in cost savings we outlined this morning. And we will once again be targeting $0.02 to $0.03 a gallon per gallon of SG and A at corporate and trade as we are taking actions to get there from our current 0.08 to $0.09 per gallon and took our first steps this week and expect to be aggressive in the next sixty days to achieve our goals. Added up, we will use 2025 as the year where we position Green Plains for future earnings power as we have outlined in the past.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you for joining our call today. We can now start the Q and A session.

[Operator]

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. Your first question comes from the line of Craig Irwin from Roth Capital Partners. Your line is open.

[Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC]

Good morning and thanks for taking my questions. So Todd, the last several years you've had a bunch of initiatives to take out costs like Project 24 and others. I guess, we don't have to go through the list. This $50,000,000 is a big move and $30,000,000 already implemented this week. Can you maybe get granular for us where this is coming from and how this cuts in to the overall profitability of the platform?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Well, what it does is it increases the overall profitability. Listen, we spent the last four years focused on innovation and getting our products to market. And we have reached the point where we have penetration in the markets that we want to go. And now it's more around commercializing and marketing and trading those products correctly and then obviously rationalizing those costs. We really don't need to feed fish anymore.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our customers, they have accepted our products. They've used our products. We've had great we had a great trial in Norway with salmon. Those were great results. We consider this to be a gold standard product.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Once that was kind of finished or getting close to being finished, the market understood the premium of our products. And I think another thing that's really helping us right now is the global tightness in corn where corn gluten meal prices have continued to increase globally. But look what we did is we invested a lot of money to get our products to market. We invested a lot of money in innovation and research and win one full swoop this week. We decided we were going to move on from that and just focus on expanding our margin structure, reducing our SG and A costs all around that while keeping a core group that is focused every single day on making money.

[Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC]

So then just to follow-up on aquaculture, right. This was one of potentially most attractive markets you could sell HyPro into over the next number of years. We always expected it to take a while to get in there. Can you maybe talk a little bit about your projects in South America you mentioned in the prepared remarks? Do you need to feed fish yourselves to continue to penetrate these customers?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

No. In fact, we've made the penetration has been made. We have sold our first largest quantities, which could be actually converted now on a little bit more volume into bulk quantity shipping on a vessel which is the first time we've been able to achieve that. If we can get some of our products out of The United States in the wheat protein market we have here to service customers that are looking for different characteristics and feed than traditional soy proteins or soy protein isolates. That's really what we're replacing now in the world as well as the corn gluten meal market.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But it took us three to four years to get to this point. And I would say while certainly in a weaker global protein market we would like to see that higher than we are today, it will start to pay dividends for us and our shareholders in the future. This is it took a lot longer than we thought. But again we had to be patient. We had to invest the capital to get there.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We had to show our customers. We understood what the use of our products would be for them and they had to do their own testing. You have to go through a two year full cycle to grow salmon and those are some of the things that we were dealing with. And while frustrating to all of you and to all of us, we're starting to feel better about this opportunity and we felt at this point we basically won full swoop, took care of the or closed down much of our innovation and research platform. As we know now that our products are commercialized and we're really excited about the future of that.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we have a great team that positions us for that. But I think at this point we're going to focus on making money.

[Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC]

That sounds good. So my last question if I can squeeze another one in. CCS sounds like it's tracking right to schedule. Can you maybe talk a little bit about where we stand with the potential delivery of equipment and the pipeline interconnects? When could we possibly see first EBITDA off these projects?

[Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC]

Any other details you could share with us would be helpful.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. Look, our in service data is somewhere in late Q3, very early Q4. Chris and the team are heading out to Ohio next week to take a first hand look at our compression equipment being built to make sure that we remain on track. We're not the general contractor on the project. Our partners at Tallgrass who own the Trailblazer project are.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

They're fully focused on breaking ground very soon and getting the building stood up. And if you come across Nebraska and you drive around our plants and other plants, you'll see that laterals are being laid right now and construction is fully underway. So we could attack the first couple of years of 45Z. Thank you.

[Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC]

Thanks again for taking my questions.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Jordan Levy from Truist Securities. Your line is open.

[Jordan Levy, Vice President - Sustainability Equity Research at Truist Securities]

Good morning, all, and thanks for all the details. Maybe just following up on Greg's question just now on a kind of level setting where you all stand. I appreciate kind of Todd the commentary you gave on the protein side of things. But if you could just talk to that in reference to sugar given or CST given it's still kind of earlier in the kind of rollout of that. I'm just curious how you're thinking about that in terms of the cost initiatives?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Can you follow-up with some clarification on what you're looking for in the answer? Maybe a little more Yes,

[Jordan Levy, Vice President - Sustainability Equity Research at Truist Securities]

yes. Yes, just kind of the level of detail you gave around protein. I'm just looking at something similar in terms of where market development is in CST.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Okay. Yes. Thank you. Now look, I mean, I don't think we're going to be short of customers. We are waiting for food safety certification.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We have already sent some of our products to beverage makers, food makers, industrial users, everything from insulation to pancake syrup and everything in between. I think you could I assure you our sales group and our marketing group has spent significant time with customers and now it's just really waiting for us to get the proper certifications and with our partners get the hametz for yeast so that we when we make halal and kosher as well, we're in spec and that's coming probably in the next week when we start using the yeast in our process. Look, I think one thing we have to realize is that running at a third is not the best economic thing for our shareholders. So we will probably move to more of a campaign program where when we make a sale we'll make the product and we'll start it back up and running it twenty four hours a day, three sixty five days a year. At that rate, we can make more money making running Shenandoah at full rate on the grind side to make alcohol and sugar and or I'm sorry, alcohol, protein and oil.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So we're going to go more in a campaign mode here and because we know we can make it. We've got to get that food safety certification. But I think the last clear path on that was getting our Iowa food processor certification. That has been approved which I think continues to show the validation of our technology and that it works and that we make products on spec that can be used in everything like I talked about from beverages to pancake syrup to industrial products. And so we're there.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

It's really now just a function of what we expected the capability of the local wastewater treatment plants to be able to take our products. They're focused on building a new one right now. And so we have to focus on how do we get this plant up to 100. In the meantime, we're in significant discussion we're in discussions with other potential users of this technology both domestically and global. We have interest in co locating or licensing our technology globally in countries like Brazil and Europe as well as with even in The United States.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Since the beginning even before we acquired Fluequip they had interest across both wet milling and dry milling for their technologies as a bolt on to expand their capabilities. As you see with other results that are out there sugar margins and sweetener margins have not really gone down with everything else. It's not an oversupplied market nor do we anticipate that anytime soon.

[Jordan Levy, Vice President - Sustainability Equity Research at Truist Securities]

I appreciate that. And then just for clarification, $30,000,000 of the restructuring this week. Sorry if I missed it, but did you kind of give a timeline to get to that $50,000,000 should we think year end or something like that?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

No, we want to try to be there within ninety days on an ongoing $50,000,000 run rate. So our Phase two starts Monday. Phase one was this week. We resized our corporate and trade infrastructure and SG and A. We've several senior executives have departed the company as we had indicated in addition with the significant downsizing of our innovation platform at the York Innovation Center, our optimal feed mill, our labs as well as our AquaLab.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

I think the most important thing is we had to get our products to market and that all cost a lot of money call it sales and marketing or marketing advertising promotion if you are a food company map spend. But we're not spending any more on that at this point. I think our products have gotten what we needed to this point. So no, that was our first action this week and we start on Plan B or the Phase two on Monday to try and get this all wrapped up within ninety days.

[Jordan Levy, Vice President - Sustainability Equity Research at Truist Securities]

Thanks for all the details.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Samya Jain from UBS. Your line is open.

[Saumya Jain, Equity Research Associate at UBS Group]

Hey, good morning guys. So with DCL getting a score of 13 and soybean oil getting 38, should we expect corn oil to trade at a $0.04 to $0.05 per pound premium to soybean oil? Or how are you guys looking in the past?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. Thanks for that question. And by the way that is the bid today. I mean I think we would have no problem selling $0.04 to $0.05 premium to soybean oil for the ongoing market at this point based on the value of the advantaged feedstock that we have today. So we're seeing indications like that already.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We've seen a market trade like that already with being oil at $0.45 I think $0.5 is not a hard value to trade today for our product. If you think about it even since the last call, we are probably in the high 30s, low 40s over the last couple of calls starting to increase the bottom or come off that market in soybean oil. Look that soybean oil market is tight globally. We just have to rationalize some things going on here. But for us we've seen our view is it should trade at a $0.07 to $0.1 premium. And I think that that will ultimately come to bear with our products across not just us but the industry in general. We are plants now is now for CEA certified and we even get a premium for that. That means you can use our product to produce products for European jet fuel markets etcetera and fuel markets. So that is another thing that we were able to achieve during late last year and early into this year was all of our plants are now CORCEA certified eligible for even more value including even Shenandoah. So we're excited about this opportunity which we wish was $0.8 a pound that would chase the margin structure significantly.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But I think that we've seen the soybean oil market bottom out just based on what we're seeing globally in domestic vegetable oil pricing. But overall we're really optimistic about our placement of our low CI product into markets like renewable diesel and Corsia markets.

[Saumya Jain, Equity Research Associate at UBS Group]

Got it. Thank you. And then how are you guys considering tariffs under Trump and the impact in your production maybe with BCO and Chinese biodiesel in particular?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

If you look at the first action which is the Chinese Yuko situation, I think that is a really beneficial thing first and foremost and that was a good thing to happen for our industry. We're going to have to take it day by day step by step. The Canadian fuel market is an important market for us. But if you looked at some of their proposed retaliation, it did not include ethanol. So I think when you're talking about motor fuels around the world that have certain requirements, a lot of times when you blend ethanol you've changed the base fuel around and you just can't change that overnight.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So put the tariff on or not put the tariff on on people are still going to buy our alcohol to go around the world. We have a low CI product. And I think we're going to still start to see even more interest in our products as we sequester carbon and even getting a lower CI ethanol and continue to focus on that as well. So we'll take it day by day. If we put tariffs on our products and then we get a tariff on Mexico to take our corn obviously we'd have to weigh that.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But a cheaper corn market wouldn't be so bad for green plants today or our industry as we've seen the corn market rally and ethanol hasn't been able to keep up. So we've got to get through this winter doldrums of high stocks and we've been here before. We're starting to see a little bit of a slowdown although we had elevated production this week maybe catching up a little bit. But we're going to have it flow and the tariff situation is we've been doing this a long time and ultimately becomes a zero sum game.

[Saumya Jain, Equity Research Associate at UBS Group]

Got it. Thank you.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Puran Sharma from Stephens Inc. Your line is open.

[Adam Shepherd, Research Associate at Stephens Inc]

Good morning. This is Adam Shepherd on for Puran. Thanks for taking the question.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Adam Shepherd, Research Associate at Stephens Inc]

Just in terms of the updated GREET model, and you mentioned it's essentially like you all wrote it for your assets.

[Adam Shepherd, Research Associate at Stephens Inc]

Can you just give some more color in terms of how much of an incremental benefit you expect to see versus your previous expectations and how that might impact your longer term margin potential?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. I think when we looked at our assets and we looked at the new modeling and we kind of have we are really excited about it because the starting points are lower. And in fact, even York which has a different type of plant is eligible for 45Z now and not 40 and is leaving the 45Q behind for a second here. So that gives us the courage to even look at low energy distillation there as well which is something we're focused on. And so the starting point was even better than expected, which gave us more confidence that we'll be able to achieve our numbers.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we haven't really changed much with the guidance that we have except to say that if you actually did the math, you would see that those numbers are even higher basis degree model. But I think we want to be conservative and say look this is just a validation of what we have been saying. We even have more confidence in our numbers today. We are working on now finalizing agreements to get our credits and our voluntary credit our voluntary carbon offsets to market as well. In addition to looking at the tax situation tax credit situation where we can help to use those forward cash flows to help monetize again.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Our goal also when we look at all of this is to get our term debt paid off sometime here by either looking at that the situation we're in with carbon or other aspects of cash flow generation as well as looking at our stock price as well. I think that's going to be important as we start to generate free cash flows from these projects and look at say where is the best place to allocate capital and what's the most accretive to our shareholders as we get to later in the year. But overall, it was a positive both from corn oil and carbon. And when you add those two together, I think it's very beneficial for Greenpoint shareholders. It doesn't show up this quarter because we had a really weak ethanol market and we were coming off of with a bunch of oversupply.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But this is why we're doing what we're doing. And by the way, part of the $50,000,000 we identified was shutting Fairmont down. Fairmont would have cost us almost $10,000,000 if not more and part of that was we have to make decisions to best for our shareholders and in the past maybe we would have run a plant like that to wait for a better margin structure. You know what? That game's up and we're going to focus on absolutely every aspect of what we do, every line item of what we do starting with SG and A going through our cost to get products to market looking at our assets to say what's going to run or not run and we're not going to run and lose money anymore.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So we're just going to we're going to take actions and we're going to make them swift and very quick.

[Adam Shepherd, Research Associate at Stephens Inc]

Okay. Thank you. That's very helpful. I'll hop back in the queue.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you very much. Appreciate it.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Blair from TPH. Your line is open.

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

Thank you and good morning. I had a few questions on the 45Z.

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

Good morning. I had some questions on the 45Z in regards to your carbon capture efforts. The one you mentioned that it's unlikely the 45Z will be repealed. Is it fair to say that that's a shift in sentiment relative to perhaps earlier in the year? And if so, could you talk about what gives you confidence in that?

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

And then two, to monetize the 45z, you'll need to find a buyer on the other side, right? And so could you talk about, are there any concerns that the 45z would technically be in place, but it might be hard to find a buyer? How would you go about monetizing those credits? Thanks.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. I mean it's a tax credit. So I think finding buyers who can buy tax credits and we've seen some potential opportunities that allows them to they're going to trade at a bit of a discount anyways and they have, but we've seen a good market for these type of credits start to avail and we've seen those marketed today. Part of it is a combined package between credits and offsets and I think we have both. I think it will be really interesting because the market hasn't been able to source these high quality gold standard credits in volume to and carbon offset programs are still active at companies no matter what we think about some of these programs people still have their targets and certainly there's still a market for these.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

These are tax credit offsets. So I mean really when you're looking at and they're trading not at 100%. So I mean and our models don't show them trading at 100%. So we're being conservative from that perspective. Look, if we had a lot of profits, we wouldn't have to find markets for our tax credits.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We just use them. We don't have those today, but we expect to have those in the future. So we got to work through our NOLs first. But But ultimately some of those could be used ourselves to offset tax obligation. So that I don't think that will be a hard thing to market.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And then we get the offsets. Look at LCFS markets today in California and Oregon and other places. Oregon already has a CCS pathway for LCFS. So that'll be an important market especially for early gallons that come off and California will take a couple of years after that. So we have kind of a baseline market for what carbon offsets are worth and that's in the LCFS market.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we also have customers that want to buy the tax credits and then buy the offsets and using those savings to buy the offsets and achieve two things. You got to remember, 45Z is not necessarily reducing your carbon offsets. It's just reducing your tax liability if you buy it. So tax credit markets are very active. And in our view, I don't think we'll have any trouble from that perspective.

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

Sounds good. And thanks for the commentary on just the current margins and trends into the first quarter. We're looking at PAD2 ethanol utilization that last week was 95%. The three year average for this time of year is closer to 87%, eighty eight %.

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

So is it fair to say this is more of a supply problem? And are you aware of any industry upcoming turnarounds that might help knock down this utilization figure?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. I mean, this is the time of the year that it's nice and cool out and we could run the whole industry could run their plants full out. Cooling capacity has always been a bit of a bottleneck here which is during the hot months and the summer months during driving season which is why you see a little bit of a downtick in utilization only because there's when it gets warmer and hotter out there you can't run your plants as efficiently. So where we're at right now blends work really good, gas demand is pretty good. We just need to get through this, get to driving season, come out of these winter doldrums, keep exports and we think they could exceed $2,000,000,000 this year as long as obviously we'll have to watch tariffs and everything like that.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But demand for our products is really good. E15 potentially as well will give us a little bit. Look that's going to be a long game. We finally have what we need, but it's still going to be a long game to get to full utilization 1%. E15 uptake in addition to everything else would be taking us to an E11 blend would clear the surplus.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So it just takes a little bit of moves here on top of everything else. But I think when you kind of look at where we're going to even though we're in the middle of the winter doldrums, getting the driving season will be great. Gas demand is good. Weather has been pretty clear for people to drive. We saw that in the blends.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And I think you're right to look at it that way. And I think if that was happening in May or June or July margins would be significantly different than they are today just because we're in the middle of winter running at a 10.5 to 11.2 pace. It's going to be a little bit hard to draw stocks yet. But when we draw we expect them to draw fast and furious especially with ramping up this export program in 2025.

[Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co]

Sounds good. Thanks for your comments.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you. Thanks.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Salvator Tiano from Bank of America. Your line is open.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

Yes. Thank you. Firstly, I want to ask about the high protein business. I mean, the production level was pretty much the lowest I think quarterly since you added capacity in earnest. And you mentioned the Wood River baselining, but I'm not really sure I understand what that means.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

And given all the discussions about the ramp up of demand throughout the year, I'm still not really sure why things shouldn't have been much more favorable, so that you should have increased your production rather than as you said do this rebaseline. So can you explain to us this? And also how were sales actually in the quarter? Because also you reported production, but were sales actually higher Q on Q? Did you actually bring higher, premiums versus the past as we're expecting earlier in the year?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. Thanks for the question. So let's address the first question. As we indicated to you our modernization program at Mount Vernon was underway in early into the first in early into the fourth quarter which reduced that plant was almost fully offline for about half of the month in October. And we didn't bring the protein system on back until we brought the full plant back online.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We modernized all the conveyor systems, all of the several of the older VIN systems, lots of upgrades around the plant to get that plant modernized as we go into the future as we look at what we needed to do there. And so protein was down there for a significant part of the month. On top of that, what we wanted to do when we talk about re baselining a carbon plant, we have to run it with and without the drying system that we run-in our protein operations because that does cause a change potentially in carbon score but you have to take the hard decision to re baseline that plant. Because it's really our Central City plan is a little bit different animal. So we may have to do that at some point here before we go back online.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But it takes quite about ninety days to rebaseline a plant to look at all the aspects and all the calculations to understand when carbon hits we will do what's most profitable for our site and for our company. And if that means to run the plant full out and not run protein so we can make more relative to the 45 Z and offset programs we'll do that. If it means make more protein we'll do that. This plant is a plant that you may not be able to take protein down because of the drying capacity in a local market for feed. So we made a decision this quarter and it was the right decision from a market perspective.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

You saw the weakness in soybean meal and soybean meal physical is even weaker when you look at the Middle Of Iowa trading at fiftyfifty under soybean meal futures and weaker than that. So it was a right quarter to do that. We continue to ship to our pet food customers but we had to compete as well in some of the pork and the poultry markets that are a bit weaker based on some of the physical soybean meal basis that we've seen out there. But we're basically running everywhere at this point running back at all of the operations and protein are turned on. And again, we're in our next 60 pro run-in Central City.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We just did one last month as well. So these are multiple runs in a row in multiple months that I think it would give you us confidence that we're going to start to hit some of the targets of 60 Pro and sequence. Again, just starting to see some really interesting opportunities there that we've been waiting for. And some of it's about again what we talked about. If you look at the global tightness in corn other than The United States which by the way which has become tighter as well.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Corn gluten meal has become tight in the world as well. And again, a replacement for corn gluten meal is our sequence product and we're seeing that both domestically and globally.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

Okay, thank you. And also on the I guess the SG and A, I mean you got a few questions earlier and you addressed it. But what I'm trying to understand is that why now? I mean I understand the concept that we reached another phase, but based on your earnings, the volumes you're doing, it doesn't seem like we've reached full commercialization and that there's not a lot of work to do be done there. So I'm not really sure what has changed at the start of 2025 versus 2024, '20 '20 '3 that would warrant these actions now as opposed to for example one or two years ago or instead continuing the same path for another one or two years. So why now exactly?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Well, I can only say why not. I think when we look at SG and A, we've invested a lot in everything from taking trout and salmon to full weight and feeding the fish through making feeds that we wanted to use in testing and show our customers what's capable and we did that for them all the way through our innovation center and doing things around getting dextrose to you can't just do everything on the fly while you're building a commercial facility. York Innovation has a fully operating dextrose facility there as well as fermentation facility. All that costs a lot of money. On top of that, when we look at some of the systems that we have in place, we look at what we'll be doing.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We have a little less volume in our biggest product which is ethanol because we shut down our York facility and that saves us a minimum of $10,000,000 a year just in market savings long not including in savings and SG and A. And so when we look at all of that, why not? And I think and it's great for our shareholders and it's great for our stakeholders. It's good for cash flow generation. And we're gonna continue to be laser focused on it. You invest, we had to over invest in SG and A to get products to market.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Well, we just sold one of the largest if not the largest aquaculture company in the world. Our 50% protein product and potentially our 60% protein product may go there as well. You know, they don't need to see us doing this anymore. It was a bit of validation of our products. They had never seen products like this before in the market.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes, you could buy 50 Pro Soybean Meal but no, you could not buy fermented proteins with significant palatability uplifts in pad and aqua that do things differently than in the past. And we had to use our research to get into the door. And yeah, if I could even go back, I probably would have spent less doing it. But I can't go back. So now

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

I'm gonna spend less doing it going forward and it's time to do that. And I think even looking at all the way to the top of the house and saying to ourselves, what do we need going forward in the future? We need finance, we need commercial, we need operations. And also our Fluke business is starting to kick in again as well. 85% of their business was done outside of our company.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

They are not relying on Green Plains for their revenues and they're generating positive cash flows and positive bottom line earnings. And that's something we're going to focus on as well. So when we look at it we're setting ourselves up for when carbon comes online to have the maximum ability to generate free cash flows. And having all that extra SG and A does not give us that maximum capability and we can decide what to do with those free cash flows and ultimately have the luxury of making those decisions. And that's focused on debt as well as getting our share price higher.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

Great. Thank you. And you did make the comment that perhaps if you could go back you would have spent less. So I want to ask on the Clean Sugar initiative. It wasn't even mentioned I guess on your expectations for earnings.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

You mentioned the 180,000,000 EBITDA from SG and A and carbon, then ethanol, high protein and corn oil, but not clean sugar. So how would you judge the success of this initiative at this time? And what would you do differently if you could go back two or three years ago?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

If I could go back two or three years ago, the next time we build clean sugar it will be at a site that has on-site wastewater treatment. Whether it's one of our sites or somewhere else instead of because we don't, the last thing you wanna do is invest in a wastewater plant. And I think when we relied on local communities to take our wastewater, a lot of what happens is during that time of build, that capacity potentially become stressed or older and they just weren't able to take it. If we could get all of our wastewater today to go somewhere, we would be running at 100%. And so that's something that we have to focus on.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But what the team is actually focused on, there are technologies running all over the world to clean up what goes in it, so you don't generate the wastewater that comes out of it. So sure, we could have looked at it, built wastewater right to the front, but then I don't think we would have built it in Shenandoah. We would have built somewhere else that has wastewater alongside of it. I think when we look going forward that's probably the one thing that I think is the biggest challenge. But in the end, we can make products.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We can make it on spec. It's an exact duplicate that what comes out of another sweetener facility around the world. We know that we can scale this. There's probably a couple of things we would do around Ion Exchange a little bit better as we told you early on, but that system is working as well. And number two will look different than number one.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But at this point, we've got to get this thing running at full rate. And if we don't get it running at full rate, we'll have some contribution. But it's not where we want it to be. But it's also it's not a technology that doesn't work. And I think that's the most important thing.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We have customers in food, beverage and industrial that want our product. The last certification should come here in the next couple of weeks.

[Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America]

Great. Thank you very much.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Eric Stine from Craig Hallum. Your line is open.

[Eric Stine, Senior Research Analyst at Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC]

Hi, Todd. Hi, Phil. Hi.

[Eric Stine, Senior Research Analyst at Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC]

Hey, just want to sneak one in here at the end. Good morning. I know you've talked about it's unlikely that the 45Z is repealed, but obviously there are ongoing questions and regulatory uncertainties. So just I mean, when you look across your business and I know that some of these areas are impacted to varying degrees, but do you kind of have a plan B or is there the potential that in some of these areas it may change your plans based on the changes that potentially you see or are possible coming down the road?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. I think there's always plan B on carbon that's 45Q. That's not going to go away. Really that's been in place. It's a long standing rule and it's a cash pay for the first five years.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So, there is always a backstop and then we'll have to determine the value of the credit from that standpoint. But, our view is 45 Z is gonna continue to hold. We have strong support from our Midwest Republican Senators and congressmen. I don't think that they would vote for a repeal. I think we have strong support from our Interior Secretary who's also has the energy committee that he's also chairing.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

I think that when we look at the investors in some of these projects and who's really interested in seeing these successful. I think we've just got very, very strong support for everything across the board. Look, they might repeal a bunch of other things in IRA, but our view is 45 C continues to make the cut. And even then it's a little bit like the Affordable Care Act continues to try to get repealed but in the end of the day that's kind of what's in law. I think what really gave us great confidence was last week when the IRS put out the guidance in the IRB.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

That's what people are going off of. And when that usually happens, not much changes from that point forward. So will they look at the 45 C? Will they look at the IRA? Sure.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And they should look at the IRA. But we've already spent the money and there's a lot of capital being spent from large companies across The United States based on these 45 C tax credit. So this is a equal opportunity making sure that we at least get the attention from ourselves all the way through the largest companies in the world that are investing behind this initiative as well.

[Eric Stine, Senior Research Analyst at Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC]

All right. Thank you.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Kristen Owen from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

[Kristen Owen, Executive Director & Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.]

Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking my question. I wanted to ask, as you're going through this sort of strategic review process and understanding the asset footprint in sort of a different light. You idled the Fairmont facility.

[Kristen Owen, Executive Director & Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.]

I'm just wondering how you're thinking about maybe go forward, what are the options for that asset? Would you maybe look to monetize that? Just help us understand how to think about your production capacity with that facility down, what the options are going forward?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yeah, I mean, we want to get our permit from the State of Minnesota to build drying, a new drying system and a new grain system. We put the money into the middle of the plant and that all operates at standard. And so yet after seventeen years or twenty years of these plants being built things wear out and we've done that's one plant that we under invested in because there was a lower margin lowest margin structure in our plant stack. One thing we were counting on is obviously the carbon pipeline to go up there and we still count on that. And that will give us the confidence we need to invest behind that plant.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

In the meantime sure we could always monetize that plant if we want to. That's something that we've looked at in our strategic review but it is a carbon pipeline capable plant and we're counting on that project to make progress this year. And if that were to happen it makes that plant very valuable as well. So we look at all of our assets like that, the strategic review that we're under, we are when we kind of have embarked on this over the last year, what we're trying to do is uncomplicate our the middle of the house which is our SG and A both in corporate and trade as well as some of the things that we do around some of these innovation assets that we put in place and make it very, very simple. When you look at our plant stack, generally speaking, most of our plants are always EBITDA positive if not very positive.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Central City, Shenandoah, even Otter Tail up in Fergus Falls that is one of our it's a 70,000,000 gallon plant that competes with 140,000,000 gallon ICM margin structure. But in the end of that we have plants like Fairmont that was a cash burn for us and we have the SG and A that we're rationalizing that was a cash burn for us. And we're just not gonna do it anymore and we've got to focus now on our products are at market, Kristin and we are selling them today. And now we got to be able to realize instead of spending $0.06 or $0.07 a gallon on SG and A to do that, we're gonna take that SG and A right out and get back down to a little bit of back to the future where we have a smaller middle of the company, less complicated and our plans get to show what they can really do because I don't think we've been able to do that in order to get new products to market. And as we're getting new products to market along came 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 more tons of soybean meal that kind of derailed twenty five years of backtesting.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So we'll have to work through that. And as we know, commodity markets ebb and flow and we will work through this excess protein might take a little bit longer than we think, but hopefully, we get paid through some of the other things that we're doing.

[Kristen Owen, Executive Director & Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.]

Understood. And recognizing that today's announcement is not new, it's a reflection of all of the reflection that you've had over the last year. But the question that I have for you is as you're kind of going through this process, hindsight twenty twenty, now that you've cleared the decks on SG and A, are there also some new implementation, maybe some hedging strategy, hedging governance? And you mentioned in your prepared remarks, this would have been the quarter to hedge. I'm just wondering how you're structurally addressing that feedback that you've received?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Listen, we list all our shareholders and I think that we came into middle of last quarter and the fundamentals looked very solid and we kind of remained unhedged all of last year and put a little bit on every quarter. And again, we did it this quarter as well. The market moves so fast more than everybody was anticipating. I don't think it would have mattered. Certainly would have given us some extra cash, but the market moved very, very fast.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And from the top to the bottom and we're staring at very good margins. The last at least better margins last time we talked and you got to also manage your balance sheet and manage your cash and make sure you can make margin calls. But look, I think we will assess it quarter by quarter and what's best for our shareholders. But when we see some bigger numbers again, obviously, we'll have to look at those decisions. Our Board is involved.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We talked to our Board a lot on what we're going to do relative to our overall programs. And as we kind of get through the year and get our SG and A down, get carbon working, corn oil contributions continue to go up because of our advantaged feedstocks. Hopefully, we have to have less and less reliance on stuff like that. But I think generally speaking we've done a good job over the years when we have hedged maybe one quarter notwithstanding the largest margins in history that nobody ever expected either. But we'll assess it quarter by quarter and we work with our board and management and our risk team to determine what the best option is for the company.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we'll just continue to take it on a case by case basis relative to the markets that we're in.

[Kristen Owen, Executive Director & Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.]

Thank you, Todd.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Laurence Alexander from Jefferies. Your line is open.

[Laurence Alexander, Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group]

Good morning. Could you just help on two things? One is the free cash flow impact or the cash charges for the restructuring and any other impacts on the cash flow bridge for this year and next year? And then separately, after the restructuring, how you're thinking about based on kind of the market feedback on the likely kind of equilibrium return on capital of the protein and the clean sugar sides of the business?

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes, thanks. I think it's going to be not a huge charge in Q1, certainly under $10,000,000 if not under $5,000,000 and some of it maybe even non cash to write off. So it's not going to really be a massive effect to our balance sheet. We are we've been somewhat planning for this over the last several months and really focused on the things that we can do very quickly and had some accruals already in place that we're able to use to offset some of that. So I think overall it's not going to have a very big impact to our income statement or our cash flows.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And then when we look at kind of return on assets, certainly we wanted them to be better. When we look at we wanted it to be 15% to 20% on protein. It's It's more like 4% to 8% at this moment. And that's all driven by market. When we started we were earning $0.15 to $0.2 a gallon uplift on protein.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And with the onset of the amount of soy protein hitting the market if you look at that margin structure as well. As I said it's become a bit ethanolized. They have too much capacity. I'm not sure slowing down is going to matter at this point. But when we look at that certainly not the returns we wanted but we have generated free cash flow off of these assets yet our SG and A ate a lot of that up and then obviously the ethanol margin came down.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So sugar is going to take a little bit longer as we know but it's also not the largest part of our investment thesis. So when we look at over the last couple of years, we invested in protein, we put some investment in oil yields, which by the way, it continues to make records across many of our plants. We invested in the Sugar platform, which we believe we have a working technology that is at scale. Again, only hampered by one factor. If that factor was there, we'd be running at 100%, albeit it is there and we have to deal with it.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

So we're gonna work on that in a couple of months. And then lastly, carbon. And when you look at all of those together, carbon, some oil uplift, some protein contribution and even sugar just taking a little bit longer, over a $500,000,000 investment platform generating over $200,000,000 with protein contribution and carbon and oil and maybe a little bit from sugar but probably not a lot. Overall the investment is the total investments working but it's outsized obviously by carbon at this point. But we anticipate protein to contribute more in the future as well.

[Laurence Alexander, Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group]

Okay. Thank you.

[Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer at Green Plains]

Thank you. Thanks.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Strelzik from BMO. Your line is open.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Just two things Sorry to have you last, Sanford. That is just fine.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Okay.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

First thing on my side, I wanted to ask about kind of maybe better understand how you're thinking about the base ethanol environment.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

Is it your view that as we get stronger demand over the summer and maybe inventory draw downs that that is enough to kind of solve things coming out of the summer and when we kind of this time next year we're having a better conversation? Or at these production levels, is ethanol demand, how much do you think that's going to be up? I'm just trying to better understand kind of how to think about the base ethanol margin environment kind of post the summer.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

We'd like to understand that as well. I mean, I think we've got to get the summer driving. It's going to be I think we're going to have our peaks in our valleys and they're going to be and it's going to move very, very fast. Overall right now what we're looking at is elevated stocks and elevated production because we're in the middle of winter. And we got to get the turnarounds which is should be as somebody asked earlier should be late March or April.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And that's right at the beginning of summer driving season, although setting ourselves up well with demand. But this is going to be a continued battle between production and supply and stocks and demand. And we really need to push for a couple of things to happen. Can we increase exports more than we think? Our plant at Fairmont going down among about three or four other smaller plants that have gone down.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Will that rationalize supply? Will we have E15 uptake greater than we may think with this administration really pressing that point home. And we got it, but some of this will take time to play out. How will low carbon ethanol make its way into certain markets. And so all of that combined, it's a bit of a stretch to see that we could have an outside massive uplift in ethanol margins, but we should be able to bounce off the bottom here pretty significantly.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

But I don't know that we're going to have a peak margin environment anytime in 2025.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. All right. That's helpful. And then my last question is just on the corn oil side. I'm curious what you're seeing from a demand perspective so far post kind of the guidance from 45Z.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

Are you seeing either demand or the intention around demands pick up? And what's your expectation for the demand lift and pricing on a go forward basis? Thanks.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. I think when you look at renewable diesel ebbs and flows obviously what's going on is some of the plants getting their SAF up and running which is fantastic. And you've heard that through several of the other earnings calls. We are really excited for companies like that to take this HEPA feedstocks and generate jet fuel out of that. That is really favorable to us and then it's also favorable to our CORCEA opportunity that we have which all of our plants are CORCEA certified.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Some plants are definitely having some slow startups. But generally speaking, when you look at the overall and I think we shared some of that with you guys. When you look at the overall balance sheet for veg oils domestically and globally, It probably justifies much higher, if not significantly higher prices. But I think oil share versus meal share is something that we're fighting with today and that's ebbing and flowing a little bit. So as we look at it, we believe that oil demand will continue to especially for our vegetable oil demand especially for our products will continue to be very strong during the year.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we're seeing more interest than we've seen in a very long time for longer term, longer tenure contracts at a premium price to soybean oil. I would say before it was like next month, we would be able to sell some good product. But now we're starting to see people approach us to say, can we buy 50,000,000, 70 million, 80 million pounds from you over a longer period of time instead of buying 5,000,000 or £7,000,000 at a crack. So they can get their hands on low CI Advantage Feedstock, Coursia approved distillers corn oil that is a significant advantage over soybean oil and the fact that used cooking oil from China is not coming in The United States anymore. We'll watch tallow closely because that's really another Advantage Feedstock But that'll get all used up pretty quick as well.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And I think that's why when you look at we're watching renewable diesel margins closely, they can expand their margins significantly by buying lower CIP stocks. And we have some of that but we're not going to give it away for free.

[Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets]

Great. Thank you for all that color. I appreciate it.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. We appreciate it as well. Thank you.

[Operator]

And that concludes our question and answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Todd Becker for closing remarks.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Yes. Thank you, everyone. As you see, we've been pretty busy over the last several weeks. I think our focus on reorganizing our cost structures and our initiative that we announced today of which we've already gotten closer to pushing towards that $30,000,000 number this week. And then with Phase two starting on Monday to get to the $50,000,000 number over the next ninety days.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

Across the board, we've made significant changes to our platform focusing on profitability per site, focusing on reducing our SG and A per gallon, looking at our products where we can generate more and higher returns with significant less investment in getting those products to market and then working our way towards the last half of the year getting carbon up online as we said. The laterals are under construction just drives through Nebraska. If you don't believe it, come and see it. We'll take you on a tour. That's Tallgrass Trailblazer Project is an amazing project across the state, generating significant jobs for the state of Nebraska, significant opportunities for Nebraska agriculture and Green Plains as well.

[Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer at Green Plains]

And we're really excited about that. And I think we have a great opportunity coming out with significant low carbon feedstocks that have that we believe should trade at a premium to the traditional feedstocks. It's what we've been setting ourselves up for. We have to watch global protein markets obviously, but generally speaking I think we're well set up as we get through 2025 and then into 2026 as carbon really starts to kick in. So we really appreciate your time today and we'll talk to you next quarter.

[Operator]

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer
• Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer

Analysts

• Craig Irwin, Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst at Roth Capital Partners, LLC
• Jordan Levy, Vice President - Sustainability Equity Research at Truist Securities
• Saumya Jain, Equity Research Associate at UBS Group
• Adam Shepherd, Research Associate at Stephens Inc
• Matthew Blair, Managing Director at TPH&Co
• Salvator Tiano, Analyst at Bank of America
• Eric Stine, Senior Research Analyst at Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC
• Kristen Owen, Executive Director & Senior Analyst at Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.
• Laurence Alexander, Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group
• Andrew Strelzik, Restaurant Analyst at BMO Capital Markets