aTyr Pharma Q4 2024 Earnings Report

aTyr Pharma EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.18
• Consensus EPS: -$0.23
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.05
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

aTyr Pharma Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: N/A
• Expected Revenue: $0.02 million
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

aTyr Pharma Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2024
• Date: 3/13/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, March 13, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 5:00PM ET

aTyr Pharma (NASDAQ:ATYR) (NASDAQ:ATYR) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of novel protein therapeutics that harness the body’s natural processes to treat severe diseases. Founded as a spin-out from leading academic research institutions, the company pioneers the field of extracellular modulation of intracellular targets through its proprietary XCEPTOR platform. This technology leverages engineered proteins derived from aminoacyl tRNA synthetases to regulate cellular stress responses, offering a new modality for treating inflammatory, fibrotic and immune-mediated disorders.

The company’s lead clinical candidate, ATYR1923 (resolaris), is an engineered human protein designed to bind to neuropilin-2 and modulate immune activity in the lung. ATYR1923 is being evaluated in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and other interstitial lung diseases, where inflammation and fibrosis can cause progressive respiratory impairment. Earlier-stage programs target indications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and select oncology settings, illustrating aTyr’s commitment to translating its platform across therapeutic areas with high unmet medical need.

Headquartered in San Diego, California, aTyr Pharma conducts research and development operations in the United States and collaborates with academic centers and industry partners in North America and Europe. The company maintains active clinical trial sites across multiple geographies to support robust patient enrollment and regulatory engagement. Its approach combines late-stage development rigor with the agility of a focused biotech, aiming to advance candidates efficiently through clinical milestones.

aTyr is led by a seasoned management team with extensive experience in biopharmaceutical R&D, regulatory affairs and commercial strategy. The board and executive officers bring expertise from established life science companies, with a shared vision of delivering differentiated protein therapeutics. With its innovative platform and advancing clinical pipeline, aTyr Pharma seeks to offer new treatment options for patients suffering from debilitating diseases driven by inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.

aTyr Pharma Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Completed enrollment of 268 patients in the global pivotal Phase III EFSOFIT study for esofitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis, with top‐line data expected in Q3 2025.
• In a Type C meeting, the FDA approved measuring the primary endpoint as the absolute change in steroid dose from baseline to week 48, maintaining over 90% statistical power for the trial.
• A third‐party claims analysis shows the US pulmonary sarcoidosis population is ~30% larger than prior estimates and ~75% of diagnosed patients receive steroids, highlighting a multi‐billion‐dollar market opportunity.
• Four independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board reviews have raised no safety concerns through the 52‐week EFSOFIT study, reinforcing the favorable safety profile of esofitimod.
• Publication in Science Translational Medicine details esofitimod’s NRP2-mediated immunomodulatory mechanism, while two additional preclinical tRNA synthetase-based candidates targeting fibrosis are advancing.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Atyre Pharma Fourth Quarter and Full Year twenty twenty four Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. Later, we will conduct a question and answer session and instructions will be given at that time. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded for replay purposes. It is now my pleasure to hand the conference call over to Ashley Dunstan, Attire's Senior Director of Investor Relations and Public Affairs. Ms. Dunstan, you may begin.

[Ashlee Dunston, Director of Investor Relations & Corporate Communications at aTyr Pharma]

Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today to discuss aTire's fourth quarter and full year twenty twenty four operating results and corporate update. We are joined today by Doctor. Sanjay Shukla, our President and CEO Ms. Jill Broadfoot, our CFO and Doctor.

[Ashlee Dunston, Director of Investor Relations & Corporate Communications at aTyr Pharma]

Leslie Nangel, Vice President of Research. On the call, Sanjay will provide an update on our corporate strategy, including our clinical program for Esophitimod. Leslie will discuss our research and discovery programs, while Jill will review the financial results and our current financial position before handing it back to Sanjay to open up the call for any questions. Before we begin, I want to remind everyone that except for statements of historical facts, the statements made by management and responses to questions on this conference call are forward looking statements under the Safe Harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that can cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward looking statements.

[Ashlee Dunston, Director of Investor Relations & Corporate Communications at aTyr Pharma]

Please see the forward looking statement disclaimer in the company's press release issued this afternoon as well as the risk factors in the company's SEC filings and included in our most recent annual report on Form 10 ks, subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10 Q and in our other SEC filings. Undue reliance should not be placed on our forward looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made as facts and circumstances underlying those forward looking statements may change. Except as required by law, Atyre Pharma disclaims any obligation to update these forward looking statements to reflect future information, events or circumstances. I will now turn the call over to Sanjay.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Thank you, Ashley. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter and full year twenty twenty four results conference call. At aTyr, we're on a mission to translate tRNA synthetase biology into new therapies for fibrosis and inflammation. Our lead therapeutic candidate, esulfitimod, is a first in class biologic immunomodulator that selectively modulates activated myeloid cells via NeuroPillin two or NRP2 to resolve inflammation without immune suppression and potentially prevent fibrosis progression. We're developing efosinimod as a treatment for patients with interstitial lung disease or ILD, a group of rare immune mediated disorders that can cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Twenty twenty four was an important year for aTAR as we completed enrollment in our global pivotal Phase III EFSOFIT study of epsilfidemod in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, a major form of ILD that is our lead indication. This is the largest interventional study ever conducted in pulmonary sarcoidosis and we look forward to releasing top line data from this study in the third quarter of this year. EFSOFIT is a randomized double blind placebo controlled fifty two week study. It consists of three parallel cohorts randomized equally to either three milligrams per kilogram or five milligrams of kilogram of esulfitimod for placebo. Dosed intravenously monthly for a total of 12 doses.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

The study enrolled two sixty eight patients at 85 centers in nine countries. The trial design incorporates a four steroid taper with steroid reduction as the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary endpoints include measures of sarcoidosis quality of life and lung function. Patients who complete the study and wish to receive treatment with esofenamod outside of the clinical trial are eligible to participate in an individual patient expanded access program or EAP. The EAP was implemented primarily based on feedback from multiple study principal investigators or PIs whose patients requested to continue treatment once they completed the study.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

These patients will receive five milligrams per kilogram of esofitimod while in the EAP. However, PIs, patients and the company remain blinded to the esofitimodessignments of these EAP patients. Additionally, we have now held four positive Data and Safety Monitoring Board or DSMB reviews for this study, all of which have identified no safety concerns and recommended that the study continue unmodified. The most recent preplanned independent review indicates that the study continues to track well from a safety standpoint. We remain confident in the favorable safety profile we have seen for esophirimat to date, which we believe is a key value proposition of the drug.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And finally, we'll get our first look at the blinded baseline demographic and disease characteristics of the patients enrolled in the study at the upcoming American Thoracic Society Conference or ATS, which is scheduled to take place mid May in San Francisco. In a poster, we will be able to get a sense for the profile of the patients enrolled, including baseline steroid dose and background immunomodulator use and how the profile matches the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. As part of our planning for the PACE three readout for EssoFIT, we recently held a Type C meeting with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration or FDA.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

The main objective of this meeting was to discuss the Statistical Analysis Plan or SAP for the study, including how the primary and secondary endpoints are assessed statistically. For the primary endpoint, we determined how steroid reduction will be analyzed in the SAB. As we previously discussed, we initially proposed that we measure steroid reduction based on calculating the average daily steroid dose between week twelve and week forty eight, which is the protocol specified post steroid taper period. We view this as a conservative way of measuring steroid reduction in the study. Based on FDA feedback, we will now measure steroid reduction as the absolute change from baseline of week forty eight.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We feel this change creates a more simplified assessment to capture potential steroid delta between groups. The statistical powering for the study remains intact and we are pleased with the clarification around how we will measure steroid reduction. With limited clinical studies in sarcoidosis as a benchmark, we are pioneering a path forward to measure how we can potentially improve the lives of these patients. While we brought you up to date on EFSOFIT, I want to take a few minutes to provide you with critical insights into the pulmonary sarcoidosis landscape in The U. S.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

That have emerged from some of our early pre commercial activities. We believe these findings support a potentially larger market opportunity for esofitiamod in sarcoidosis. Omenosarcoidosis is a disease characterized by the formation of granulomas or clumps of immune cells predominantly in the lungs. The current standard of care is oral corticosteroids, which may help improve symptoms in the short term, but come with serious side effects with long term use. And despite the use of steroids and other off label immunosuppressive agents, many patients have disease that progresses with around twenty percent developing lung fibrosis, which can lead to organ failure and death.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

There remains a lack of safe and effective treatments available for these patients. It is typically reported that sarcoidosis affects close to two hundred thousand people in The U. S. With ninety percent of patients having lung involvement. A third party claims analysis, which we conducted late last year, confirms that number and shows that the number of patients diagnosed with lung involvement similar to the population enrolled in our Phase three trial is thirty percent higher than previously estimated.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Since The U. S. Epidemiology numbers most frequently referenced were published nearly a decade ago, we were not surprised that the population has grown. Furthermore, when we looked at treatment practices such as the number of patients that require any treatment and those that are prescribed steroids, we saw that nearly seventy five percent of diagnosed patients are prescribed steroids, which is well above previous estimates in The U. S.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And at the upper range as to what is reported globally. Furthermore, the claims also showed significant mortality and hospitalization rates, which speak to the high unmet medical need for this disease. When it comes to pricing through additional payer research that we conducted, we continue to see positive feedback from payers regarding their willingness to reimburse for an on label biologic in sarcoidosis. We are encouraged by the reimbursement landscape we've seen recently, where some rare disease product launches have included steroid reduction as part of the label and are priced at a premium. In sum, we believe the findings from these recent activities support the patients' and physicians' need and strong desire for a product like esofitiamod.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We view esofitiamod as a potential frontline steroid reducing agent in patients with moderate to severe disease, which could address fifty percent to seventy five percent of all sarcoidosis patients. We previously stated that we estimate a total global market opportunity for Absofitimod in ILD at $2,000,000,000 to $5,000,000,000 And our updated research supports a market where sarcoidosis represents a significant portion of that range. Some of these insights that we've discussed will be presented in two posters at ATS in May. And this work has enhanced our understanding of the sarcoidosis market in The U. S.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

In a way that will be foundational for preparing for some of our upcoming commercial readiness activities. Finally, as we start to plan for commercial readiness, we recently appointed Eric Benovich, who is currently the Chief Commercial Officer for Neurocrine Biosciences to our Board of Directors. Eric brings a wealth of experience in launching high value pharmaceuticals, including most recently a product for a rare disease that has a steroid reduction component as part of its Phase three clinical trial and FDA approval package. We anticipate his contributions will be highly valuable as we advance esofitiamod to a commercial product. Now let's turn to our second indication for esofitiamod, ILD related systemic sclerosis or SSC, which is also known as scleroderma.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

SSC is a form of connective tissue disease where ILD commonly occurs and is a leading cause of mortality. Current treatment options for SSC IOD are limited and like sarcoidosis, they do not treat the underlying disease or improve quality of life. EBSCO Connect is a Phase II randomized double blind placebo controlled proof of concept twenty eight week study to evaluate two fixed doses of apsilfidemod, two seventy milligrams or four fifty milligrams compared to placebo. Patients are dosed intravenously monthly for a total of six doses. This study is currently enrolling patients with limited and diffuse SSC ILD at multiple centers in The U.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

S. The primary endpoint of this study is lung function as measured by post vital capacity and key secondary endpoints include symptom control and skin assessments. We expect to release interim data from the study in the second quarter of this year. The interim data will focus on skin assessments measured at baseline in week twelve for approximately eight patients, including patients on drug and placebo. We plan to present findings for skin histopathology, including immune biomarkers and the modified Rodnan skin score, which will provide insight regarding potential changes in skin tissue.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Skin manifestations in SSC highly impact the quality of life for these patients and other therapies showing improvement in these measures have had limited to no success. This interim data may provide us with an early signal related to skin changes and may help inform the clinical development strategy for this indication. Because we plan to evaluate skin assessments in the interim data and do not plan to include any data related to lung function, we see limited read through from this data to the Phase three top line data in pulmonary sarcoidosis that we will present later this year. I will now turn the call over to Leslie Engle, our Vice President of Research to discuss our research and discovery programs.

[Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research at aTyr Pharma]

Thank you, Sanjay. While we have focused quite a bit on esafitamod in the clinic, it will be useful to comment on esafitamod's unique mechanism of action or MOA as this is truly a first in class drug candidate. Since we started this program, we have greatly enhanced our mechanistic understanding of esafitamod's immunomodulatory activity. And we are pleased to report that just yesterday we published an extensive manuscript in the journal Science Translational Medicine, which outlines the MOA and all of the preclinical data generated for estofitamod from concept to clinic. The article describes the foundational science, detailed preclinical studies and discovery work behind esofitimod. This includes how it is engineered from a SPICE variant of the tRNA synthetase HARS which is enriched in human lung tissue and upregulated by inflammatory cytokines in lung and immune cells.

[Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research at aTyr Pharma]

It also describes its specific and selective binding to NRP2, which is a cellular receptor highly expressed by myeloid cells in active sites of inflammation. Through this finding, it inhibits the expression of pro inflammatory receptors and cytokines, thereby down regulating inflammatory pathways in macrophages. This mechanism can subsequently disrupt the cycle of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. This type of top tier peer reviewed journal requires extensive vetting by the broader scientific community with multiple independent reviewers performing a comprehensive audit of all of the work that we have generated. This process itself demands the utmost transparency in our work.

[Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research at aTyr Pharma]

Therefore, we believe this publication validates the immune regulatory properties and extracellularly mediated mechanism we have demonstrated for esfenomat as it relates to reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, it considerably reinforces the basis for the application of esafitamod in chronic inflammatory conditions. It strengthens the scientific rationale for our clinical program in ILD as well as encourages the potential development of other challenging case based therapeutics for disease prevention. We are very proud that the novel science that drives esophitimod is being recognized on the world stage. To publish this extensive body of work in such an esteemed journal is a momentous accomplishment for our research team and speaks to the nature of the high quality work that eTire produces.

[Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research at aTyr Pharma]

While we have focused much of today's conversation around esofitimod, I want to remind you that the SPICE variant that forms the backbone of esofitimod comes from our robust intellectual property estate covering domains from all 20 human tRNA synthases. And we utilize our platform and unique drug discovery process as an engine to generate new pipeline candidates. With SSI, Sigmoid and HARs, we have demonstrated that this tRNA synthetase fragment has a previously undiscovered extracellular function and we continue to interrogate other tariancystase fragments to identify roles they may play in cellular response and altered disease states. We currently have two preclinical candidates from other tariancystases where we have identified their interactions with targets and therapeutic areas where they may play a role. Both of these candidates, ATIR 101 and ATIR seven fifty interact with receptors that affect fibrosis.

[Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research at aTyr Pharma]

We are exploring ATR-one hundred and one in both lung and kidney fibrosis where we recently presented data at a Keystone Symposia that shows its ability to induce myofibroblast apoptosis through a novel anti fibrotic mechanism. We are exploring ATR-seven 50 in liver disorders based on the strong connection to its target, which is FGFR poor. We are really proud of the innovative work that we've done with esophitimod and the advancement of the program to date. We look forward to replicating that process with some of our current and yet to be discovered candidates. I will now turn it over to our Chief Financial Officer, Jill Broadfoot to review our financial results.

[Jill Broadfoot, CFO at aTyr Pharma]

Thank you, Leslie. We ended 2024 with $75,100,000 in cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. Subsequent to the end of the fourth quarter twenty twenty four, we raised approximately $18,800,000 in gross proceeds from our at the market or ATM offering program. Collaboration and license revenue related to the Kieran agreement was $200,000 for the year ended 2024, which consisted of drug product material sold to Kirin for the Japan portion of Esophit. Kirin is our partner for the development and commercialization of Esophitimod for ILD in Japan and we now have received over $20,000,000 under this agreement to date, including milestones where we are eligible to receive up to $155,000,000 in additional milestone payments, which are primarily geared towards the regulatory and commercial milestones for sarcoidosis.

[Jill Broadfoot, CFO at aTyr Pharma]

Research and development expenses were $54,400,000 for the year ended 2024, which consisted primarily of clinical trial costs for the EFSOFIT and EFSOF CONNECT studies, manufacturing costs for the EFSOFITIMOD program and research and development costs for the esophitimod and discovery programs general and administrative expenses were $13,800,000 for the year ended 2024. Based on our current cash position, we have updated our financial guidance and believe our cash runway is expected to be sufficient to fund the company's operations through one year following the Phase III EssoFIT readout. We view this runway as important as it covers key upcoming inflection points for the company, including the Phase three Esofit readout and a potential filing of a biologics license application for esophitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis. In addition to extending our cash runway, we plan to use some of the ATM proceeds to help fund our commercial readiness plan. Now, I'd like to turn the call back over to Sanjay before we open it up to Q and A.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Thanks, Jill. When we assess our current position, we feel incredibly pleased with our emsulfidamont program and are enthusiastic about the future. We're poised to see an extraordinary opportunity and our excitement for the rest of 2025 is unmatched. Our latest validating publication in science translational medicine confirms our understanding of Epsilonimod's mechanism of action. Our Phase three sarcoidosis trial has progressed through four successful PSMB reviews, bolstering our confidence in the therapy safety profile.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And new claims data from sarcoidosis patients suggest a growing multibillion dollar market with little competition. Our journey began with our innovative biology platform, which advanced from research to clinical stage through transparent seamless execution, while upholding a high level of scientific and medical rigor. A groundbreaking advancement for sarcoidosis may be within our reach, one that could greatly enhance the company's trajectory and elevate a tire to new heights in the biotechnology sector. We greatly appreciate your interest. At this time, we'll be happy to take your questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. And our first question comes from Derek Archila with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

[Derek Archila, Analyst at Wells Fargo]

Hey there. Thanks for taking the questions and congrats on all the progress. So just first question, I guess maybe Sanjay, can you shed some light on how measuring the absolute change in steroid reduction at baseline now to week forty eight versus the current way that you had set it up in terms of the average cumulative steroid dose, How does that impact the trial? I know you noted the powering remains intact, but I guess maybe just remind us the powering of the trial and I have a follow-up.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Sure, Derek. So previously, as I mentioned, we were looking at the average steroid dose in that week twelve through week forty eight period, basically taking the patient diary information from every single day they report their prednisone and dividing by the number of dose. It's a fairly conservative way of looking at all the peaks and valleys combined with our steroid taper and that protocol that's occurring simultaneous to that treatment period. But after some feedback and discussions with the FDA, the view was to look at just the change from week zero to week forty eight. This is something that we're very happy with.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I think in many ways this allows us to simplify the manner in which we analyze our data. It allows us to look simply at the starting dose essentially and the ending dose. Remember, during this period, we're trying our best to taper patients and continue to re taper to zero. The assumption now is many of those peaks and valleys by the time the study ends should allow us to potentially maximize the steroid delta that we see in these patients. With regard to powering, it remains over 90%, ninety % powered that either three or the five milligram dose shows a STAT SIG steroid reduction compared to placebo.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

That has not changed. And with focusing now on the absolute change as opposed to percent change, we think that's also a better framework that's more relevant to patients and providers.

[Derek Archila, Analyst at Wells Fargo]

Super helpful. And then just a follow-up here. I know you highlighted in the prepared comments, there was investigator and patient enthusiasm for the EAP. So just wanted to ask, if you have any idea in terms of the percent of the patients who are in the trial rolling over into the expanded access or a new program there? Thanks.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Yes. It's a common question I get. How many patients? What's the percent? And I want to start by saying, we have seen continued interest, growing interest, but the issue really here is that not all countries and not all centers can participate based on their local regulatory requirements.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I've said this before, countries like Japan, for example, do not have a pathway to participate in an EAP type program. So you'd have to subtract out all of those regions that aren't involved and then try to come up with a crude measure of response, which is what I think a lot of investors want to do here. What I can say is, the interest is still very robust. I was just with about 30 experts recently this past weekend. There continues to be more and more interest to participate in the EAP.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We have committed to helping patients who are performing well in the trial to roll into this EAP, but it's an individual site by site decision because of course we are not in a formal open label type extension. So I'm very pleased with the progress. I think it's a great signal, great interim biomarker, if you will. And we're going to continue to support those patients to move into that EAP. But again to get into specific numbers and try to get into the math, it's probably not helpful.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And just as a reminder, we are blinded. We're blinded to what these patients are on during the trial. So there's always a chance that all of these patients are on placebo that they have been able to taper more or less off their steroids and it doesn't have anything to do with the drug. So people know me to be rather conservative in my messaging. I just think it's a great signal to see that patients who are finishing a trial want to remain in the trial.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

That to me as a former clinician speaks very powerful to what something is happening during the trial.

[Derek Archila, Analyst at Wells Fargo]

Got it. Understood. Very helpful. Thanks, Anjay.

[Operator]

And the next question will come from Yasmeen Rahimi with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

[Yasmeen Rahimi, Sr. Research Analyst at Piper Sandler Companies]

Great. Thank you so much for taking the questions and congrats on all the exciting progress and exciting year ahead of us. I got two quick questions. One is maybe was it the market research around managing patients with steroid reduction that led to engage with the agency to make this change from a sort of clinical perspective? Just maybe if you could kind of shed light how that meeting came about and why that change the change makes absolute sense, but maybe the question would be why implement it now and the rationale behind it.

[Yasmeen Rahimi, Sr. Research Analyst at Piper Sandler Companies]

That's sort of question one. And question two is really exciting to see the baseline demographics from the study here upcoming at ATS. Could you maybe help us understand what we should be looking for? Obviously, it's a tremendous study with globally lots of work went into it. So just kind of help us framework on what are some of the measures that we should be looking closely to in terms of this patient population? And I'll jump back in the queue.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Sure, yes. Three questions. I will take the first one and say that the market research is not necessarily really connected to this type of meeting. This is a little inside baseball biostatistics that typically before you lock your database, you would have all the rules set up with the biostats division. And as a former biostatistician, it's important that we really agree to all the pre hoc analysis.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I think far too many times in biotech, we implement rules and then after data comes out, we start to do post hoc analysis and cherry pick and cut and slice the data. And I wish more biopharmas wouldn't do that. So we're very rigorous and I like to be very rigorous around, hey, let's get everything pre hoc, organized down to the details exactly how do you want us to program and even look at some of this steroid reduction. Now we have proposed something that I viewed as a fairly conservative way of looking at steroids and the average daily steroid dose Upon interacting with the FDA here, their view was this approach would be fine. The suggested approach where we're looking at just a simplified change from baseline.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I'm not going to disagree with that. I'm going to go ahead and implement that approach because as I said, I think this actually allows us to potentially maximize a signal at the end of the trial. Remember, there's a forced steroid taper component. Placibil patients will get the benefit of that reduction of the forced steroid taper. But now looking at the end of the trial, the clinical team and I view this as potentially a way to maximize a signal here, because as I pointed out, all those peaks and valleys that occur over the course of the trial now should be adequately handled, observed and now we'll have a true measure at the end of the trial.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Your second question was really around the baseline demographics. It's important to put this out. The community is really interested. They want to see data as quickly as possible. Many of our PIs have said, can we take a look at background immunomodulator use?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We just want to see the data. We like to see what the average daily steroid dose is, duration of disease, things of that nature. So these are all important things for us to show to the community, and we already have that data. It's just baseline data. So why not put it out at a major medical conference?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

The important thing for investors to pay attention to is that average prednisone dose. I'll remind everyone in the last trial, the Phase II trial, we had an average dose somewhere in that 11 to 13 range. This trial where we're enrolling patients with a slightly lower basement dose of seven point five milligrams, expect that prednisone dose maybe a little bit lower, but we want to take a look at that. And then that helps with all the investors that want to do the modeling with regards to how much steroid delta you want to see there. So it's important to get this baseline data out there, make sure we more or less enroll per the IE criteria in our trial.

[Yasmeen Rahimi, Sr. Research Analyst at Piper Sandler Companies]

Thank you so much. Very much looking forward to it.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Faisal Khorshid with Leerink Partners. Your line is open.

[Faisal Khurshid, Senior Research Analyst - Emerging Immunology at Leerink Partners]

Hey Sanjay, thanks for taking the question. Nice to be on the call with you guys. I just wanted to ask, so in terms of the placebo arm, I guess for the steroid tapering in general, I think in the past you said that patients would have to try to taper to zero three times over the course of this forty eight weeks. So with this change now, like what happens if a patient is mid taper at week forty eight? Like does that mean that they'll kind of have a steroid level that's sort of being impacted by this forced taper for what you're measuring for the primary endpoint?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Yes, great question. So the first thing I'll say is with the relative length of the trial, our expectation is in particular in those placebo patients, we have adequate time here to unmask their disease and not only unmask the disease, but have as you point out several rounds of trying to basically re taper them. So we still are going to continue with that protocol in that manner. Now you point out an example, I would say maybe an extreme example, what if a patient in that last dosing period is actually trying to be re tapered. So again, this is a very, very specific question for a specific circumstance.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

But typically when you look at a change from baseline, it's not that you're looking at the point estimate on that day of that visit. Typically what you're looking at is a trailing average of say twenty eight days. So that's again a very wonky biostats and programming question that you've asked there. So in that case, if somebody is in an active taper, we have a look back there of those twenty eight days. That's occurring for all of the patients there.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

My view is most patients will have reached their, what I would call, resting dose as a placebo patient and their resting dose of a potential EBSO treated patient. And we'll know that over the course of those last twenty eight days. That's why we believe that this allows us to potentially maximize the differences you may see from change from baseline within each cohort. Does that help?

[Faisal Khurshid, Senior Research Analyst - Emerging Immunology at Leerink Partners]

Yes, super helpful. Thank you for clarifying. And then if I could ask, just in terms of the how should we think about the durability of the drug impact now that you're kind of doing the analysis in a way that really emphasizes the end of the study?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I love that you asked that question because we were talking about this week. Durability is going to be really important with this trial. And this is one way that it signals a potential durable response. I wouldn't say things like time to relapse and time to clinical worsening are other ways that you can look at it. I'll remind everyone that from our last data, the pooled analysis showed that these two treatment doses kept people ninety three percent of the patients in that small data set from relapsing in six months, whereas you saw fifty five percent of the sub therapeutic and placebo patients relapse.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So as a comparison, that's an indication of durability. This is the way we're measuring this endpoint is certainly going to allow us a clue to see if the drug is actually has durable response. But we're also going to be looking at time to relapse as a tertiary analysis. Many of the experts, they really care about that. So that's something that also I think we can potentially see a statistical win on, albeit it's not a primary or secondary endpoint.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

But definitely durability is something that we're bullish on right now with our therapy.

[Faisal Khurshid, Senior Research Analyst - Emerging Immunology at Leerink Partners]

Great. Thank you for taking the questions.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Prakash Agrawal with Cantor. Your line is open.

[Prakhar Agrawal, Managing Director at Cantor Fitzgerald]

Hi. Thank you for taking my questions and congrats on the progress. So firstly, I think in the Phase onetwo for the five milligram per kg dose, the one point six milligram per day steroid reduction that was seen was during the post taper period. So if if you can remind us what would you see in the overall time period based on the new definition here? That's my first question.

[Prakhar Agrawal, Managing Director at Cantor Fitzgerald]

And the second question, maybe if you mentioned that the powering remains intact, but did the powering decrease versus the initial assumption that may have been very conservative to begin with? And lastly, if you can comment on what did the FDA say on FEV1 and the Type C meeting or was there any discussion around that? Thank you so much.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Yes, I'll take the last part first. Little to no discussions on PFTs. I think this speaks to a much greater interest in steroid reduction and frankly the king sarcoidosis. So with regard to FEV1 specifically, that is a important PFT for obstructive disease and many of these patients of course have obstructive disease.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We'll look at that again as a tertiary endpoint. But my general sense is, there's much more of a focus and we had much more of a discussion around steroid reduction. You asked around powering, again, the powering assumptions still remain the same. If anything, and I'm going to probably have to set some time aside with you and our biostatistician, the powering remains the same over 90% powered. We may in fact be able to, as I've said before, looked for a three and three point five milligram percent absolute difference, excuse me, not percent.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Now I think it's probably skewing closer to three milligrams. So even with the same powering assumptions, this new way of analyzing the data may allow us to, as I said, potentially maximize the difference here, maybe not even as high a bar, slightly lower, but that's something that we'll confirm. And again, I want to keep the powering here at 90%. Your first part of the question, Prakar, was can you just repeat that again?

[Prakhar Agrawal, Managing Director at Cantor Fitzgerald]

Yes. So I think in the Phase onetwo for the high dose, the one point three milligram per day steroid reduction was for the post taper period. So if you apply the same definition as the new endpoint, if you can remind us what would you see there?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Right. So we haven't analyzed it in that manner. What I can tell you is the placebo population had the benefit of the four steroid reduction in that trial. So if you just sort of qualitatively think about this, if you remove that and you just focus at the end of the trial, we knew that over fifty percent of the patients in those sub therapeutic doses were not doing well at the end of the trial. They were have been rescued and managed at a much higher dose.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So just from a qualitative standpoint, given the fact that we held the line and did pretty well with our three and five milligram doses and placebo got worse over time, I think you can see that that number would grow, but we haven't gone back and back calculated that. It's a good question, but I think qualitatively you could probably understand that delta would be certainly larger than 1.6.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Gregory Renza with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.

[Gregory Renza, Senior Biotechnology Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Hey, good evening Sanjay and team. Congrats on the progress and thanks for taking my question. Sanjay, maybe just spinning to EsoConnect and Scleroderma ILD, it's nice to see the detail on the eight patients on the data set you'll be showing on drug and placebo coming up soon. Just curious as you've certainly cautioned on not reading through to FSO fit, of course, just wanted to have you comment a bit on what you are looking for, what do you want to learn from the data set and especially as you talk about the white space with EBSO and other fibrotic diseases, to what extent could this data help guide the directionality there? Thanks so much.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Sure, Greg. Thanks for the question. So absolutely, I think the focus on skin, as you can imagine, we're not really looking so much really at all for skin for sarcoidosis. The skin readouts represent an extremely high bar. Let me first start by saying sclerodermael D patients, the primary morbidity that they really complain about and care about and unfortunately have not been able to address with any of the therapies is improving skin.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

None of the approved therapies made a dent in helping with clinical symptom or quality of life. So we take this seriously. We also know it's a very high bar. Why do we think it's worth looking at skin pathology? Well, we saw a lot of neuropoline expression and even our paper from Science TM that just came out has experts in other areas of inflammatory disease with refractory therapies very much interested.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Scleroderma is an area where we see neuropline expression in those skin plaques. So it makes sense for us from an experimental point of view to really interrogate what's happening there. Do we see any pathology benefit? Do we see any kind of impact? Again, no therapy has been able to move the needle at all.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Can we see something there with immune biomarkers? Now with that as a context, it's okay then in my mind to look at a small data set, because if we do see something, I think it would be pretty amazing. And I think it could open up Efzo's potential in a number of other systemic diseases, which is where experts continually ask me, can this be used outside of the lung? With our recent paper that just came out, it has attracted more interest from other areas in rheumatology, dermatology. This is something that could be quite exciting for the therapy.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So as of now, we're really focused on the lung as a franchise with epsilonfidemod. But you can start to see with the mechanistic validation that we Leslie outlined in the Science TM paper, this really looks like an opportunity that how do you best position absofitimod and this is a first step looking at skin perhaps in scleroderma patients. So I think it's a fair fight right now to take a look here, see if we can actually move the needle. It may actually impact where we want to go with epsilonimod with regard to scleroderma patients. Could it open up a more systemic opportunity?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We know that's a much, much larger market. And we're also competing with some rather large players right now in that space. But we feel as though we can go toe to toe with them regardless of how big they are from a pharmaceutical perspective.

[Gregory Renza, Senior Biotechnology Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

That's great, Sanjay. Really appreciate it. Look forward to the data.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Joe Pantginis with H. C. Wainwright. Your line is open.

[Joseph Pantginis, MD & Senior Healthcare Analyst at H.C. Wainwright & Co.]

Everybody, good afternoon. A couple of questions, if you don't mind. So first, Sanjay, the later part of your comments, you're talking about patients that may not go on to an EAP, maybe not knowing what the drug is on, etcetera. You listed several reasons. So just curious, maybe you can share some nuances of the disease itself in that, what is the potential to see steroid reductions or even going to zero without therapeutic interventions?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

That's a great question, John. I think what we are now really uncovering and want to really think about with the CAP is as patients start to get into longer term therapy with esofitimod. Again, I don't know what they were on during the trial, but now I know they're receiving five milligrams per kilogram. And as they continue to remain in the EAP, the question becomes, are we inducing things more than just management of active inflammation? Is there are we inducing any signs of remission?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So this is a different study. It's quite exciting to those patients, but for them to be off steroids many times for the first time in maybe a decade, this is just a welcome relief to them. So the CAP is something that I'm really proud of as we look to get more patients in the CAP, how do we then potentially, if our drug is successful with the readouts, how do we then morph that into a more formal EAP or a registry? This is going to answer some of those questions where you start to say, okay, what is the drug doing long term? It's that durability question.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I think it's both exciting, but it also opens up some questions around once we get into eighteen or twenty four months of good management of these patients, what are the implications for a drug like ours? How does it impact pricing? And how do we as a company prepare ourselves for what seems to be a larger market than anyone ever anticipated. So both exciting, challenging, but I think it's something that we look forward to knowing once we unlock and unblind from this current trial.

[Joseph Pantginis, MD & Senior Healthcare Analyst at H.C. Wainwright & Co.]

Got it.

[Joseph Pantginis, MD & Senior Healthcare Analyst at H.C. Wainwright & Co.]

Thanks for that. And then maybe from a reminder standpoint, can you let us know about your current manufacturing readiness, not only for development indications, but also for potential early commercialization, any early on needs?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Yes. We invested significant capital a few years ago ahead of time to prepare for a commercial readiness strategy with our drug supply, a launch readiness plan, and we made those changes from a clinical group grade partner to a commercial grade partner. Now we remain on track.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

That's going to be an important component to our submission. It's something the FDA CMC division CMC group certainly keeps tabs on where we are because if we have good data, we want to have drug ready for these patients. As I told you, twenty percent of these patients, upwards to twenty percent have significant morbidity and a potential mortality rate in certain age groups that are even higher than that. So these patients can't wait. So for us to be ready as a biopharma, we made those investments.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

If anything right now, we have to look at this new epi data and say, do we have to be ready to have this as a bigger opportunity? We know I can tell you that and I've said this to many of you, the interest from strategics, for example, is the highest it's ever been because I think the market even with some of those potential strategics we talked to, they are realizing it's a much larger market. We've had a hand in that by leading the way in sarcoidosis, we've opened up people's eyes, more data equals more publications, more understanding. We continue to lead that way with this claims database that we'll have some data around and the treatment landscape posted at ATS. This is going to fundamentally start to establish a burgeoning market of which we're really the worldwide leader right now with Evso.

[Joseph Pantginis, MD & Senior Healthcare Analyst at H.C. Wainwright & Co.]

Thanks for the color.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Liang Chang with Jefferies. Your line is open.

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

Hey, good afternoon. Thank you for taking our questions. This is Liang for Roger. So, just want to circle back to the statistical plan change. So wondering if you can give us any color on what are the drivers from FDA side to change that statistical analysis plan to the current one?

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

Anything more you see from your Phase onetwo that's more supporting these plans, current plans?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Well, I'm probably not going to comment what exactly is in the FDA's head, because if I knew that,

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I'd have another career in, But I think it's really about simplification. And if anything, what we proposed, we thought was rather conservative, as I said, lacking in bias approach. A simplified assessment was certainly always on the table. But when you sit down with the FDA and specifically the biostats reviewers, you listen to what they guide you towards and sometimes you take it quickly, I will say that. So this is an approach, I think again, as we are trailblazing here, creating a new path, some of this is working closely with the regulators there.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So we may have ways in which we are thinking about analyzing things that from an academic or clinical point of view makes sense to us, but they're going to provide a little bit of that regulatory color. And again, if something is a little bit more simplified for them, like I said, we're going to go ahead and take that win. And we do see this as a more streamlined approach that as I said, we think can help us.

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

Absolutely. Thank you. Thanks, Sanjay. Maybe one more question on upcoming interim analysis for scleroderma program. So I understand there will be like eight patients.

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

So what's the distribution between different doses and placebo? And how I understand that that will be focusing on high bar of the skin analysis. So just wonder how would that result affect your ongoing plan?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Yes, I would imagine, I don't have obviously the treatment assignments for these patients as of yet. We'll do that when we take when we pull down on these eight patients. But I anticipate they will include treated and placebo patients, just based on the block randomization and how we enroll these patients. That's what I anticipate at this time.

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

And how should we think about the results regarding any change on your ongoing clinic trial?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Any change, you're saying what are the assessments we'll look at with those eight patients? Yes. It's going to largely What's your impact? Right, right. Well, again, these are patients, these skin samples will look at histopathology to see if there's any kind of fibrotic improvement.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

We'll be looking at immune biomarkers. We've seen of course in animals that the drug performs quite well, but now we have access at the cellular level to potentially see things. The one thing with sarcoidosis not having the ability to biopsy the granulomas that wouldn't be ethical in the trial. This allows us in this trial to really look at what's happening right there at the site of inflammation with these patients. So having the access to the skin samples allows us to see if things are really moving right there in these patients.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And of course, there's also some clinical subscoring with something called the Rodman skin score. Again, that's something that no approved therapies have improved. So this is why those rheumatologists in particular are really interested to see if esofitimod moves a needle at all in these samples. If it does, I think as I said, it unlocks a number of other potential systemic opportunities in the rheumatology space.

[Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies]

Got it. Thanks.

[Operator]

And our next question will come from Dev Prasad with Luca Capital Markets. Your line is open.

[Dev Prasad, SVP & Equity Research at Lucid Capital Markets]

Hey, everyone. Congrats on the progress and thank you for taking my question. I have a couple of questions. One on expanded access program. I'm wondering whether you plan to use the data in that in BLA in any ways. And secondly, like will you have significant data from EAP prior to BLA submission?

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Okay. So the first question answers the second. The first thing is, we're not slowing down our BLA timelines by wanting to really take a look at this data. Now, this is outside of our trial. So it's not housed in a database that we own.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

There are a number of investigators that they have the ability to if they wanted to pull together investigator initiated trial, that could be a possibility. I'm in discussions with some of them about potentially what would that look like. Again, that's would sit outside of our trial. So I don't want I want everyone to understand slowing down the BLA timelines. And again, we updated our guidance today that we preserved not only the readout, our BLA timelines, but now effectively have more than a year of cash from our readout, our Phase three readout.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So we don't want to slow anything down. Will there be any meaningful analysis from those EAP patients? Again, that depends on whether or not investigators want to have some data out, whether anecdotally or bundled together with some of the sites there. So stay tuned for that. I would love to actually have some data come out in parallel.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I think it could potentially really help our BLA discussions if we show in fact long term durable effects of Eso. And then of course from a safety perspective, it doesn't hurt to even have some more data. So stay tuned. I do think that's something that could potentially really benefit us in 2026.

[Dev Prasad, SVP & Equity Research at Lucid Capital Markets]

Great. Just one more. If you can talk about the next pipeline product and potential IND, do you plan to evaluate EBSO in other ILD diseases or the path will be to bring next program like 101 or seven fifty into clinic? Thank you.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I think right now we're enthusiastic to do both. I think Absofitimod clearly mechanistically now could have relevance in a number of other ILDs. And as I pointed out here, we're talking about upwards to a $5,000,000,000 market. When you get outside of sarcoidosis, scleroderma, ILD, RA, myositis ILD, these are all markets that incrementally there's no therapy out there that would be considered above ours if we are successful here with sarcoidosis. There's a lot of legacy products, biologics, other immunosuppressive agents.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

So I'm continually, for example, in discussions with those autoimmune ILD experts that how can we move into these areas. Pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis is another big area that so could potentially work from a mechanistic standpoint. With regard to pipeline, AR101 has produced some rather outstanding effects as anti fibrotic and what I would consider a true anti fibrotic in that it is initially looking like it modulates myofibroblasts. So our goal would be to expand epsofitamod, look at other indications. I think there would be a significant demand in other ILDs certainly.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And then with regard to our pipeline, we clearly have a first class research team here that can generate outstanding discoveries. So moving O-one hundred and one and O-seven 50 into areas like lung fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, liver disorders, that would certainly be in the cards here. And it's why I think this is a real big inflection moment for us as a company with this Phase three readout.

[Dev Prasad, SVP & Equity Research at Lucid Capital Markets]

Got it. Thank you.

[Operator]

I show no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Sanjay for closing remarks.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Well, I want to thank everyone for a number of great questions today. A lot of enthusiasm and interest that I can hear on the other side of the line. We certainly appreciate everyone's interest. It has been a journey for us. We're really proud of the work we've done.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

I'll just highlight one last thing here. Again, I go back to that publication. As a company here with 20 to 25 researchers, we're competing with companies, for example, like Roche and Novartis, places I've worked with thousands in research departments. And to have a publication in Science TM, I think this is our second one in the last five years, thousands of publications over the last five years in that journal. I can only count five companies who have had two major publications and we made the cover this time with these discoveries.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

And of those five, we're talking about major big pharma players with thousands of people. So a big shout out to our research team here in San Diego, Twenty, Twenty Five folks here strong under the leadership of Leslie. And we're producing discoveries and insights and really fulfilling the mission of translating this rather unique biology into meaningful medicine. So really, really proud of the work we've done here. I'll end with that.

[Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO at aTyr Pharma]

Look forward to seeing all of you, many of you on the road as we get closer here to Phase three readouts later this year. So thank you all for your interest.

[Operator]

This does conclude today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Ashlee Dunston, Director of Investor Relations & Corporate Communications
• Sanjay Shukla, President & CEO
• Leslie Nangle, EVP, Research
• Jill Broadfoot, CFO

Analysts

• Derek Archila, Analyst at Wells Fargo
• Yasmeen Rahimi, Sr. Research Analyst at Piper Sandler Companies
• Faisal Khurshid, Senior Research Analyst - Emerging Immunology at Leerink Partners
• Prakhar Agrawal, Managing Director at Cantor Fitzgerald
• Gregory Renza, Senior Biotechnology Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
• Joseph Pantginis, MD & Senior Healthcare Analyst at H.C. Wainwright & Co.
• Liang Cheng, Senior Research Associate at Jefferies
• Dev Prasad, SVP & Equity Research at Lucid Capital Markets