ACV Auctions Q1 2025 Earnings Report

ACV Auctions EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.09
• Consensus EPS: $0.04
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.13
• One Year Ago EPS: -$0.13

ACV Auctions Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: N/A
• Expected Revenue: $182.24 million
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• YoY Revenue Growth: +25.40%

ACV Auctions Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2025
• Date: 5/7/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Wednesday, May 7, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 5:00PM ET

ACV Auctions (NASDAQ:ACVA) is a technology-enabled wholesale vehicle marketplace that connects automotive dealers through a digital auction platform. Founded in 2014 and headquartered in Buffalo, New York, the company digitizes the traditional process of buying and selling used vehicles by offering real-time auctions, thorough inspection reports and detailed condition assessments. Its platform leverages proprietary image capture tools, live video demonstrations and standardized grading to help dealers make informed purchasing decisions.

The company’s core offering includes a fully integrated auction experience accessible via web and mobile applications. Participants can list vehicles with comprehensive photo galleries, damage disclosures and third-party inspection certifications, while buyers benefit from transparent pricing data and analytics-driven insights on market values. ACV Auctions also provides optional reconditioning services, transportation logistics coordination and title services to streamline the post-sale process for both sellers and buyers.

Since its inception, ACV Auctions has expanded its footprint across the United States, now serving thousands of dealer locations in urban and rural markets alike. The company continuously invests in machine learning models and predictive analytics to enhance price guidance, reduce vehicle reconditioning times and mitigate risk. Its marketplace supports a wide range of inventory types, from late-model cars and light trucks to commercial and fleet vehicles.

Under the leadership of co-founder and CEO Will Evans and a management team with deep automotive and technology expertise, ACV Auctions has transformed how dealers source inventory, promoting greater efficiency and price transparency in the wholesale used-vehicle sector. The company remains focused on product innovation, dealer education and geographic expansion as it evolves its service offerings and platform capabilities.

ACV Auctions Q1 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• ACV delivered record Q1 revenue of $183 million (up 25% YoY) and sold 208,000 vehicles (up 19% YoY), with adjusted EBITDA exceeding the high end of guidance.
• AI-powered innovation remains a core focus, including advanced wholesale and retail pricing guidance, seller and buyer tools, ClearCar, ACV Max enhancements, and Project Viper pilots to expand TAM and strengthen the competitive moat.
• Value-added services drove robust growth: ACV Transportation set new quarterly revenue and transport records with a 460 bps margin expansion, while ACV Capital grew over 30% and off-platform offerings gained early traction.
• Non-GAAP operating discipline improved margins, with cost of revenue down 200 bps and OpEx ratio down 400 bps; full-year guidance calls for OpEx growth of ~18% while boosting adjusted EBITDA margin by ~500 bps.
• ACV expects dealer wholesale volumes to be approximately flat in 2025 amid macro crosscurrents, but remains confident in ongoing market share gains and long-term growth strategy execution.

Presentation

[Operator]

and welcome to the ACV Q1 twenty twenty five Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen only mode. The question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. Please note that this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Tim Fox of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

[Tim Fox, VP, IR at ACV Auctions]

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining ACV's conference call to discuss our first quarter twenty twenty five financial results. With me on the call today are George Shimone, Chief Executive Officer and Bill Zarela, Chief Financial Officer. Before we get started, please note that today's comments include forward looking statements, including statements regarding future financial guidance. These forward looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and involve factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. A discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to our business can be found in our SEC filings and in today's press release, both of which can be found on our Investor Relations website.

[Tim Fox, VP, IR at ACV Auctions]

During this call, we will discuss both GAAP and non GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non GAAP financial measures is provided in today's earnings materials, which can also be found on our Investor Relations website. And with that, let me turn the call over to George.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thanks, Tim. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We are very pleased with our first quarter performance, which again demonstrated strong execution by the ACV team. We delivered record revenue with strong margin expansion, resulting in adjusted EBITDA exceeding the high end of guidance. Our results were driven by three key factors.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

First, strong execution in our dealer wholesale business. We continue to gain market share and expand our dealer partner network with our highly differentiated marketplace experience. Second, we had a record performance in ACV Transport and Capital, with strong adoption of our value added dealer solutions. And third, we continue to execute on an exciting product roadmap for our dealer and commercial partners, expanding our TAM and growing our competitive moat. While there are evolving cross currents in the broader macro environment, ACV remains focused on delivering strong top line growth and meaningful increased adjusted EBITDA, while continuing to invest in our long term growth objectives.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We're confident that executing on this profitable growth strategy will create significant long term shareholder value. With that, let's turn to a recap of our results on Slide four. Q1 revenue was $183,000,000 and grew 25% year over year. We sold 208,000 vehicles, which was 19% year over year growth despite very soft market conditions in February. Unit growth was driven by continued market share gains and solid execution at our remarketing centers, and a dealer wholesale market that grew in the low single digits.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Next on slide five. Today's discussion will focus on the three pillars of our strategy to maximize long term shareholder value: growth, innovation and scale. I'll begin with growth. Turning to slide seven. I'll frame our growth discussion around ACV's core product offerings: wholesale marketplace, marketplace services and data services.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Let's begin with our wholesale marketplace on slide eight. At our March Analyst Day, we highlighted how ACV is leveraging AI across our entire suite of solutions. On our marketplace, AI is enabling us to provide our dealer partners highly accurate wholesale and retail pricing guidance. This guidance is based on condition enhanced pricing, enabled by industry leading inspection capabilities that is highly differentiated in the market. We are enhancing the seller experience by offering flexible auction durations and auction scheduling.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We also launched our first seller in auction tool, allowing sellers to remove reserve prices mid auction, driving buyer engagement and conversion. On the demand side, the buying experience is now tailored across buying personas, from smaller independent dealers to large volume franchise dealers. We've improved discoverability and search refinement through advanced saved searches and notifications. And we're taking friction out of the buying experience by making AI enabled recommendations informed by dealer preferences and current market factors. Turning to Slide nine.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Let's review our marketplace service offerings, beginning with ACV Transportation. The Transportation team continued its strong execution in Q1, setting records for both quarterly revenue and transports delivered. AI optimized pricing is driving both strong growth and operating efficiency. Revenue margin expanded four sixty basis points year over year in Q1 and was in line with our midterm targets in the low 20s. Lastly, our off platform transportation service continues to gain early traction from our dealer partners.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

These new value added services accelerate our transport network densities and create additional long term growth vectors. Turning to Slide 10. The AZ Capital team also delivered strong results with over 30% revenue growth in Q1. This was the second quarter in a row of accelerated growth, which supports our confidence that we can continue to accelerate ACV Capital growth while managing risk. The ACV Capital team is expanding its TAM by delivering new value added offerings to our dealers, including off platform transactions such as buying vehicles from consumers, creating additional growth levers for our business.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Lastly, I'll wrap up the growth section on Slide 11 with data service highlights. Market traction for ClearCar remains strong with over 200 rooftops launched in Q1. We're also seeing growing interest in ClearCar service. This offering enables our dealer partners to acquire vehicles from consumers by leveraging their service lanes for instant appraisals and offers. The AC Max team delivered very strong results in Q1, reflecting the investments made in a host of new features and platform scalability.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Bookings were at the highest level in five quarters, driven by a number of large dealer groups that would like ACV to displace the incumbent IMS providers. Our strategy to begin bundling data services with ACV wholesale is starting to pay dividends. And we believe this new strategy is another exciting long term growth lever for ACV. Again, this quarter, we're excited to share feedback from one of our dealer partners, The Neil Hope Company, a dealership group based in Sacramento, which is using ACV's full suite of offerings. We posted a video on our IR website featuring their team describing the significant value they're deriving from ACV solutions.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

It's another great opportunity to hear directly from a dealer park. Next, on slide 12, I'll address the second element of our strategy to drive long term shareholder value, innovation. Turning to slide 13. I'll go a bit deeper in how we're leveraging ACV AI across our products, services and operations. As we discussed at our Analyst Day, technologies like machine learning and large language models are advancing at a rapid pace, and ACV is uniquely positioned to transform how decisions are made in automotive.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

It all starts with consistent data capture, which is underpinned by our VCIs in the field creating a large moe of curated data. We're now also putting our hardware, diagnostic tools, and damage detection algorithms into the hands of our customers. And with ClearCars, AI guided image capture, we're putting self inspection into the hands of dealer customers. Using machine learning, we're taking data fusion and processing to the next level, providing pricing for every vehicle in real time within ACV's pricing platform. We are consolidating data into structured, AI powered guidance to provide context driven dealer decisions.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Take, for example, ACV Guarantees, which is one of the fastest growing channels in our marketplace. Guaranteed vehicles are launched in a no reserve auction format, which typically generates a fivefold increase in bidder engagement. Guarantees also remove market risk and pass the upside to our sellers with 100% conversion rate. Finally, with Virtual Lift two point zero and Project Viper, we are expanding our competitive edge in AI driven products by putting the powerful combination of ACV's hardware and software technology into the operational workflow of every vehicle. Stay tuned for more details in coming quarters as we ramp our dealer pilots through 2025.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

On slide 14, we highlight another growth lever powered by ACV AI. Our AI backed platform is capable of processing trade ins at scale with repeatable, guaranteed pricing in under a second. We are taking the guaranteed capabilities from our marketplace and extending that same power for e commerce partners, and piloting these capabilities with OEMs looking for a scalable upstream trading platform. Wrapping up on innovation. I will touch on our commercial investments.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

It all starts with integrations that feed into our digital first marketplace. We have established an extensible ingestion architecture that enables us to work with a host of service providers in a standardized way. The next major capability is damage estimation at the panel and part level, which is powered by observations from our inspection platform. This gives us a robust tool that can be used for recon estimates, which is a critical part of the commercial workflow. Finally, we are in the later stages of our commercial platform development, and we are slated to power our first greenfield remarketing center in the second half of twenty twenty five.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

The commercial platform will include capabilities from inspection to work order creation, repair estimation, consignor approval, reporting, and more. We're excited to begin leveraging these technologies to address the large commercial TAM, providing another long term growth lever for ACV. With that, let me hand it over to Bill to take you through our financial results and how we're driving growth at scale.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Thanks, George, and thank you for joining us today. We are very pleased with our Q1 financial performance. Along with strong revenue growth, we delivered meaningful margin expansion and adjusted EBITDA growth, demonstrating the strength of our business model. On Slide 17, let's begin with a recap of our first quarter results. Revenue of $183,000,000 grew 25% year over year and was at the midpoint of our guidance, despite very soft market conditions in February.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Note that organic revenue growth was approximately 20% year over year. Adjusted EBITDA of 14,000,000 exceeded the high end of guidance, with margin improving 500 basis points year over year. The upside was driven primarily by continued OpEx discipline. Finally, non GAAP net income was also above the high end of guidance with margin increasing approximately 300 basis points year over year. Next on Slide 18, let's review additional revenue details.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Auction and assurance revenue was 58% of total revenue and grew 28% year over year. This performance reflects 19% unit growth and auction and assurance ARPU of $500 which grew 8%. Note that units grew approximately in the mid teens organically. Marketplace services revenue was 37% of total revenue and grew 24% year over year, reflecting record revenue for ACV transport and ACV capital. Our SaaS and data services products comprised 5% of total revenue with growth of 5% year over year.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Next, I'll review Q1 costs on slide 19. Non GAAP cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased approximately 200 basis points year over year. The improvement was driven by auction and insurance results and by ACV transport. Non GAAP operating expense, excluding cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue, decreased 400 basis points year over year. These results reflect our ongoing focus on expense discipline as we optimize and scale our business.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Moving to slide 20, I'll frame our investment strategy as we drive profitable growth. In 2025, we expect OpEx growth of approximately 18% to support our remarketing center strategy and commercial platform investments. Even with these growth investments, adjusted EBITDA margin is expected to increase by approximately 500 basis points year over year. Next, I will highlight our strong capital structure on Slide 21. We ended Q1 with $342,000,000 in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities and $167,000,000 of debt.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Note that our cash flow and balance includes $211,000,000 of marketplace float. In the figure on the right, we highlight our strong operating cash flow, which reflects adjusted EBITDA growth and margin expansion. Now turning to guidance on slide 22. For the second quarter, we are expecting revenue in the range of 193,000,000 to $198,000,000 growth of 20% to 23% year over year. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be in the range of 18,000,000 to $20,000,000 reflecting growth of approximately 170% year over year.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

We are reiterating our full year guidance, including revenue in the range of $765,000,000 to $785,000,000 growth of 20% to 23% year over year. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be in the range of 65,000,000 to $75,000,000 reflecting growth of approximately 150% year over year at the midpoint of guidance. Our guidance continues to assume that dealer wholesale volumes will be approximately flat year over year for 2025. We expect conversion rates and wholesale price depreciation to follow normal seasonal patterns. We also continue to expect revenue growth to exceed non GAAP OpEx growth, excluding cost of revenue and depreciation and amortization by approximately 500 basis points.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

And with that, let me turn it back to George.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thanks, Bill. Before we take your questions, I will summarize. We are very pleased with our strong execution in Q1 and especially proud of our ACV teammates that delivered these results. We continue to gain market share by attracting new dealer and commercial partners to our marketplace, while expanding our addressable market, which positions ACV for attractive growth as market conditions improve. We are delivering on an exciting product roadmap powered by ACV AI to further differentiate ACV and drive operating efficiencies.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We are focused on achieving substantial adjusted EBITDA growth in 2025 and delivering on our midterm targets that we believe will drive significant shareholder value. We are committed to achieving these results while building a world class team to deliver on our goals. With that, I'll turn the call over to the operator to begin the Q and A.

[Operator]

Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting the question and answer session. A confirmation turn will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star and then 2 to leave the question queue. For participants making use of speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset Please go ahead.

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Great. Thanks for taking the question. You had raised fees in early March. And during some past conversations, seems like there was no real pushback from customers. But as wholesale prices have increased just due to pre buy ahead of tariffs, are you seeing any signs of customer pushback or perhaps needing to incentivize more with ancillary services?

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Any color on that would be helpful. I have a quick follow-up. Thanks.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah. Hey, Rajat. We've been very fair in our pricing, as you know, with our dealer partners. And we've always historically have balanced both our price increases and the interest of our customers. We do make these price increases.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

They're very small, very incremental. And so to your point, it sounds like you've done some homework on this. We got very little pushback. So our goals and objectives as it relates to pricing is we really lean in and we've got, I would say, a great business model, great value added proposition, really at the right price for our dealer partners. So I would say for your first question, really no pushback on our value proposition to our pricing.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And then as it relates to the other macro things going on, I don't think any of that I don't think I've heard comments from any of my teammates about any of the macro elements, whether it be tariffs, whether it be any of this stuff resulting us having any pressure on pricing. So I think at the end of the day, we deliver a great service to our dealer partners and our pricing is fair.

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Understood. That's helpful color. And then maybe could you outline different growth avenues that ACV or maybe just a broader wholesale industry might experience under a tariff backdrop? Obviously, there's uncertainty around manufacture pricing, production, if supply does get hurt meaningfully. Mean, obviously, we're coming off a depressed base already.

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Back in 'twenty one, 'twenty two, obviously ACV was a much younger company, but you have a lot more solutions right now. Could you help just detail for us, investors, what kind of levers you could pull as a company with your portfolio today if the industry were to take a step back in the next couple of years before starting to grow again? Thanks.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, certainly, Rajat. So first and foremost, as you noted, we continue to grow. We're still in a really significant growth mode. We still continue to take share. And also to your point, we're growing in a broader way.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Our value added solutions like ClearCar, like ACV Max, and other upcoming solutions are helping us differentiate broader than just our initial value proposition of ACV Auctions. That coupled with other value added services like ACV Transport and ACV Capital are helping us have really tremendous demand on the ACV platform. When you look at it both from a supply and a demand, we've got a great product mix. We continue to take share. And we look at our results of Q1, we are really in line with our own expectations.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Obviously, delivering better on the EBITDA side. And so when you look at with all these puts and takes from a macro perspective of what's happened, at least so far with tariffs and so far with a lack of generally used car supply that you've hearing us talk about for a while. You've noted this in some of your own research that used car supply, late model used car supply, will likely be a trough year. All of that was in our expectations. So we gave you all an expectation to show like a flattish wholesale year.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We knew there was going to be some ups, we knew there was going be some downs. I feel really good about where we're at, because we are able to just continue to execute. I think we had the right expectations for the year.

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Got it. Great. Thanks for the color and good luck.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thanks.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from Bob Lubbock of CJS Securities. Please go ahead.

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking our questions.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you, Bob.

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

Sure, yes. So a quick question and then a quick follow-up. And it's more kind of timely. Have dealers' needs or has their focus shifted any with the onset of the tariffs? Are they acting differently?

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

Are they asking you for different things? What's been the feedback as you're talking to your dealer customers?

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yes. If I take a step back, I would say it's less related to the tariff situation as it is generally our franchise dealers wanting more and more inventory. So we're seeing tremendous interest in our new products. Products like ClearCar, like our updated AC Max, our other tools that are coming soon. We've seen the interest continues to rise, that they need to buy more cars.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

They need additional used cars. Just really across the board, most of our franchise dealers don't have enough used cars on their lot today, especially later model, low mileage cars, it's truly still a gap. So, I've seen more and more of a focus. I've seen more and more of a willingness to change. I'm hearing dealers say AI more often.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Hey, how can we leverage AI to do things more seamlessly? I'm seeing some really some openness. We work with some large dealer groups. I'm seeing them actually really up their game. Obviously, I don't say names here, but I'm thinking of a couple in particular right now that I'm really watching them get more and more efficient, put more and more offers on consumer cars.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

I'm seeing the service drive increase still low. I think the industry can still there's a lot more opportunity out there for franchise dealers ahead. I think it's a great category. I think they could buy a lot more cars. So a little bit of momentum and the adoption of new tools and the willingness to adopt new processes, which will ultimately help them buy more cars.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

The more they buy, the more they'll retail and the more they will wholesale. So we're early on that mission, as you know, Bob. But I would say great traction thus far. And I love the conversations we're having with our dealer partners.

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

Okay, that's great. And you just named ClearCar and then the updated ACV Max. And my follow-up was going to be about inventory. Obviously, dealers have been wanting it. They're embracing your tools, those two that you just named.

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

You also mentioned in the prepared remarks the price guarantee tool and Viper briefly. Can you give us a sense of kind of penetration and potential impact on the model of those other two that you only briefly mentioned before, the price guarantee tool, where are you in penetration and rollout? And Viper, what's it take for that to get used out in the field?

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, certainly, Bob. So our guarantee offering is growing. The team's doing a great job of introducing why this is such a special product. It's got two significant points of interest. On the supply side, it allows our sellers to have access to a marketplace where we are averaging 10 bidders per car.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

It's just incredible. So from a supply perspective, it's not just a guarantee. It's access to its exclusive lane. Think about it almost like a private club or like you're getting access to something that's really special. There's nowhere else, no other marketplace where you're going to average 10 bidders a car.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

So we've created this vibrant marketplace. So from the supply side, yes, there's a guarantee, but they get the upside. And the far majority of time, there's upside. And then on the demand side, it's just as important. When you're watching these auctions, you know somebody's going to win.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And so from a buyer's perspective, there's zero waste of time. So if you're willing to step up and pay for the car, you're going to win. So we're seeing great interest. We still have a lot of growth ahead of us. We're still in the early days, but it's fun that we're sniffing on the near double digits of our around the double digits, I should say, of our overall marketplace.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

So really happy with where we are with that offering. And our pricing tools like ACV Max and where these other tools are coming in place, The products that we've released recently in beta are getting tremendous interest. The interest is because we're not only predicting the wholesale value, we're also predicting a retail price of the car within the next thirty days of what it's going to sell for. And as far as I know, I don't think anyone else is close to us being able to do this. So now a car comes to the service drive of a dealer.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And we're going run it through our system. The consumer might be there just to change their oil or rotate their tires. And the dealer is going to be able to know, here's the wholesale value and here's the retail price. They have to figure out what their recon is going to be. Of course, we're working on that next.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

But anyways, so there's a retail price, there's a wholesale price, and we're making these predictions. Our predictions are within just I think I said on Analyst Day, were within a few hundred bucks. We're even doing better than that. So we are just doing an incredible job of helping these dealers predict the value. Obviously, that's one of the most exciting things about AI is you can leverage this curated data.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

You can leverage these large language models to do things we really couldn't have done twelve months ago. And so it's really an exciting time. And we're really getting incredible feedback. And obviously, I can't name names on this, but we're in early days of both rolling some of these dealers out. And we've signed up some, I would call it regional groups that I'm happy with.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And the teams doing a great job. Oh, and then Viper. I forgot about Viper. How can I forget about Viper? It's a big Tim's in the room to remind me.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

I know I forgot. So not that you would have a favorite child. It's never a good thing to have a favorite child, especially my kids are listening right now. So Viper, I've never ever in my entire career have had a product where I've had this much demand. So it's exciting and a little bit nerve wracking right now, because we're going to have to we've got a lot to do here.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

But we are getting tremendous demand for Vibe. And as I mentioned on Analyst Day, our team mentioned this summer is our beta. So we're going just with a few dozen dealers this summer. It's early stages. I never want to oversell where we're at.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We're hoping to come out of beta before Q4 is our objective right now. So we'll go through the summer, we'll learn, and hopefully we'll start getting into production by early next year. Hopefully earlier, we'll see. But we're so far so good. The team is in line with what I said last.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And I would say if anything, the line is growing. We've got dealers literally getting in line right now asking for what unit number they're going to get a project Viper. So, it's tremendous excitement. But having said that, we're very early And we've to get through our beta, and then actually manufacture these and get going. But thanks for asking.

[Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities]

Super. No, that all sounds terrific. Thank you very much.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you, Bob.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from Naved Khan of B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead.

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Great.

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Thanks a lot. Two questions from me. One on ACV Capital growing revenue more than 30%. Curious what kind of a cash rate you're seeing here? And in terms of just expanding this offering, how do you plan to manage the risk as you make these capital commitments to partners?

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

And the second question I have is just around the, you know, maybe on commercial side, is it possible given the prospects for price increases on vehicles due to tariffs? We could see a downdraft in wholesale listings from fleet owners where they might be wanting to get more miles out of their existing vehicles. Thanks.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, Anavid, it's Bill. I'll handle the first question, and then I'll toss it over to George. So first on ACV Capital, so a few things to consider. Obviously, one of the many ways that we minimize risk is our DCIs across the country, call it roughly 800 DCIs, visit dealer lots every month and can validate where the car is, right? Since we get paid the sooner of the maturity of the loan, or when the car is sold to a consumer.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

So that's number one. Number two, over the last year or so, we've significantly improved our risk management capabilities internally. And in fact, if we look at Q1, we grew revenue actually 33% year on year. Our bad debt expense actually was down 50% year on year. So we dramatically reduced our bad debt expense while really driving really strong growth.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

So that's the model that we have in place. And now, with some of the other enhancements we've made to that business in terms of implementing a loan management system, and some of the new capabilities we have in terms of new offerings we can offer to our customers on the financing front. We kind of see this as a really nice growth engine that will accelerate through this year and beyond. So it's a great business model. I think the team is doing a phenomenal job.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

And obviously, as you know, it's very accretive to our EBITDA margins.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, I mean, could you it's George. Could you go back and ask repeat your question regarding commercial and pricing just again, just so I make sure I answer it appropriately?

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Yeah, so, you know, with people kind of expect that tariffs would cause pricing to go up on average on new vehicles. And is it possible therefore that fleet owners who generally, you know, participate in the in the commercial wholesale may look to to basically own their vehicles for longer just getting more miles out of their existing cars versus buying new. So that could, affect volumes. Curious to know how you're thinking about those kind of shifts.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah. Thanks for repeating that. That's helpful. Yeah. So if you frame where we get our supply from today, because you and our other investors here all know, we're really early stage on commercial.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We're very early stage on off lease. We're early stages on most of our supply still today comes from dealer. So when you think about your question as it relates to this year, while our supply mainly comes from dealers, it would be really about SAR, new car sales, trade ins, and used car sales, and how many of those customers, to your point, will go back to the dealership and yet buy another car. So those cars would not have necessarily been leases that would have been brought to ACV anyways. When you look at the ecosystem, they would have first went to that local dealer.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

If they buy it, they typically retail it. And they don't buy it. Then it would go through the captives private marketplace, etcetera. So if there is pressure on that category, that specific category you're alluding to, which is off lease and consumers coming in a little bit slower, it could potentially impact new and used. But I think specifically with us, would impact how our supply is coming in a little bit less so than probably others in the marketplace.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

If we had more exposure off lease, which I wish we did, it'll come in time as we get bigger. But as of right now, we're still early on that segment. I would say more broadly on tariffs, if that's also where you're kind of going with it, look at it as long as new cars and used cars are being sold, then we will still have trades. I think what we saw generally speaking in Q1 was new car volume was up, which was nice, and used car volume was not up as much. And could see the inverse in one of the quarters this year.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

We could see where new car year over year compares look harder, but used car sales will be up higher. So look at why we feel pretty good about the year is whether we see new cars up a little bit or used cars up a little bit, we might see the inverse of the other. And that kind of, from our perspective, keeps us pretty level, think down the middle. So we're feeling pretty good about the year.

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Great. And then maybe, Bill, just on the going back to the capital question and thanks for your answer. But how should we be thinking about the attach rate for capital? Has that also gone up? Or are there other factors driving this growth?

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

I'm sorry, the question was, I missed the last part.

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Attach rate on capital.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Oh, actually, yeah. No, the attach rate actually continued to rise. It's well into the double digits now. So keep in mind, our target is based on our midterm model is 25% attach rates. And we're expecting to make a lot of progress this year in terms of moving closer to that target. So really good progress.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, and just to also follow-up to that, not only is the tax rate solid on the auctions platform, but the team we're in the early stages of off platform, which includes helping dealers buy cars from consumers. So we feel good about this mid term growth rate, and we're doing a really solid job about achieving our mid term objectives. We feel good because both will get this, as Bill mentioned, continue attach rate on our marketplace. And we're in the very early stages of the off platform and helping dealers buy more. So, yeah, we feel generally good about our the team's done a great job thus far, and we feel good about our medium term goals that we've articulated.

[Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities]

Fantastic. Thank you, guys.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you. Our

[Operator]

next question comes from Chris Pearce of Needham and Company. Please go ahead.

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

Hey, good afternoon, everyone. How's everyone doing?

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Good, Craig. How doing?

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

Sorry if these are repeats, but I I missed a little of the call. I just two questions. Can you just kinda talk about competitive dynamics in the market? We've seen CarMax and, you know, Carvana with Adesto Clear sort of upgrade their buyer facing tech to play a little catch up. Like and then we've seen physical option m and a as well.

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

Like, is anything shifting underneath the surface in terms of the market because of what you guys are doing? Are the markets moving? And I just love to see if there's, you know, any any feedback you're getting from dealers on options that are out there that are maybe better than they were, say, a year ago.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, Chris, I would say no significant changes. We've had, as you know, since you've gotten those, we've always had hundreds of competitors, regional competitors, national competitors. So there's been competition since day one of the business. And we continue to execute. We continue to take share.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

A couple of the companies you mentioned are also on the dealer wholesale space, but they're also retailers. And from our perspective, dealers should be very careful about wholesaling vehicles with them. And so we're out there spreading the word of, hey, if you're a dealer, we're a neutral partner. And I think, listen, we should continue to win share. To your point, they've done well.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

But I think we're positioned to do better in the medium to long term for all the reasons you've heard earlier in this call. We're not there just to help them with wholesale. We're here to help them buy more cars from consumers that actually competes against those other guys you mentioned. We're helping them do better pricing. Look at it as our role is a truly a long term partner.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

I think when you do your homework about us, you're going to hear more and more dealer groups say that, which is we're really proud of. I think some of the parties you mentioned are, I would say, near term wholesale vendors. And that's really the positioning we're trying to to be in the market.

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

Okay. And then just lastly, can you talk about data and data and volatility in the end market with prices going up, whether it's tariffs driving demand? But, you know, Manheim's out today and they're talking about April and that data probably already has an element of staleness to it. Like, what are the smartest dealers doing, and how are they leveraging the real time data that you guys are able to provide them, whether it's out of the service lane or putting a bid on a car, when to cut bait at retail and move to wholesale? What are the best dealers doing now?

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

And how are they leveraging data? And how is that an ACBA advantage?

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, it's a great question. So I'll illustrate some examples. I came back from a major dealer group last week, I think it was. Yes. Last week.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And I really got to sit with their management team and how they're using our tools. It was really fascinating. I'll give you some examples. So one, to your point, there's actually a percentage of cars they're buying from the service drive. I won't say what the percentage here is, but it's actually a real number.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Like, okay, we're starting to buy some cars from the service drive. It's starting to show up as a supply source, which really, really proud about that. Number two, how their pricing more and more automation are pricing. Historically, this is an industry where they always went to this sort of traditional competitors inventory management appraisal tool, every single car they had to sit there and look at and click all these boxes and blah, blah, blah, blah. Now you're just more and more we're leveraging AI to help them do some of this.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

So you're seeing streamline, which means you're putting more offers. Now predicting the retail price also helps you predict should you retail or wholesale the car and gives you an expectation of how much room you have for reconditioning. Now we don't give them that number yet. We just show them this is you're going to sell it for. They know what they could buy it for.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And they kind of figure out, at least for now, how much they want to put for recon. But even what we already have today in our current version of our tools, none of this is possible in sort of the legacy tools that are out there. So think, Okay, could buy more cars, you could predict the retail price. Then when you think about even though we're in a market where there's really some solid demand for a new, I think good demand for use, it depends on the price of these used cars. So if a car is sitting there for two weeks or four weeks or six weeks, we're starting to give updates for every single VIN what they should do.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

The update could be raise the price by $243 because we're seeing a lot of demand. Or the update could be we recommend you reduce the price by $350. So think it's not just when they're buying the cars. It's this ongoing constant learning that's going on. And we're feeding it's not just coming from our pricing engine.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

It's coming from what's going on from their CRM. It's coming from how much interest is on the car. What's happening generally on the internet. So the team is doing a great job of seeing what's happening from a national market perspective, in addition to what's going on at their store and their group. So hopefully that's what you're looking for.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

But that's what the great groups are doing. And I think you'll see it in their numbers. Some of our dealer partners had a great quarter, I believe, and I'm happy to help.

[Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company]

Okay. And then just lastly for me, I know the end market can be sort of opaque sometimes. So on your first bullet around guidance where the dealer wholesale market is expected to be approximately flat year over year, apologies if you gave this on the main call, what has the dealer wholesale market done year to date in terms of up, down year to date?

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, I think right now, Chris, it up low single digits. I think the why would be was new was up, used was not up as much. So one report has used retail down a little bit was one report. And one report was from one of the leading providers of data in the category, and one had used retail up a tiny, tiny bit. So all in all, I would say retail was solid for Q1.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And also the compares were a little bit easier. So we had a better compare. When you look at the back half of the year, it's going to be a little bit tougher of a compare because new started to go up throughout the year. And also wholesale started to go up a little bit throughout the year. So Chris, all in all, again, we said flattish, inventing our own word because our reason for inventing, I think Bill Herrick should get a trademark or patent or whatever on this.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Because the whole intention of flattish is you're going to see it up a little bit, you're going to see it down a little bit. We were trying to, in a way, get everyone to not be so scientific. So I'd say so far so good. It's what we expected. I feel good about the rest of the year.

[Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co]

Okay, perfect. That's all for me. Thanks for your time.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you. Thanks.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from Stephen McDermott of Bank of America. Please go ahead.

[Steven McDermott, Analyst at Bank of America]

Hi, thank you for taking the question. This one is more of a model related and I have a follow-up. But As we approach kind of tougher compares in 2Q and for the rest of the year for pricing, how should we think about that dynamic and I guess price increases from here? Thank you.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

So, I think I just commented a minute ago that from a market perspective, the tougher compare would be on the fact that new was up a little bit, used was up a little bit last year, wholesale was up a little bit. And so the expectations of a flattish wholesale would be a little bit more on that'd about market, not about us. On pricing, I don't think I really I think at the end of the day, we're within our expectations. I think Bill in the call mentioned where we were with ARPU.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Five. Yeah, so our auction and insurance ARPU was $513 for the quarter in Q1. And that reflected up by fee increase at the very March. Right, so we'll see some improvement in ARPU, all the things being equal through the rest of the year. Although our guidance does assume that GMV per unit dips a little bit in the second half, which would be more seasonal in nature. So we bake that in as well.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Is that helpful? Okay, good. Just wanted to make

[Steven McDermott, Analyst at Bank of America]

sure that that was helpful. And in terms of the ARPU and the pricing, was definitely helpful. Thank you. And then on the call, you kept talking about how strong demand is, but unit pricing did decelerate quite a bit on stable comps from 27% to 2019. So I was just wondering, is there perhaps any other dynamic?

[Steven McDermott, Analyst at Bank of America]

I know you touched on competitors a little bit earlier for a question, but are you seeing anything more underlying? Is it just take wherever you want.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, I mean, we're a bigger company. We continue to grow. I think most investors would say these are very healthy growth numbers on big numbers. So no, I think there's really no comment there only because we were within our expectations. We delivered.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

And we did all that while exceeding our EBITDA number, which means we didn't give away the farm. You know, it's really easy to show a bunch of unit numbers if you give them all for free. You're not going do that. So I think if anything, strong execution, continuing to take share. I think what we're trying to our brand, whether you want us to think about this as a golf analogy, just want you guys to keep thinking like right down the middle.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

I'm not I'm not trying to win the longest drive competition on every single hole here. We are just you're going to see us be right down the middle, keep executing, keep delivering. So really proud of the team. Don't really have to answer that, but I'm really proud of the results.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Yeah, I mean, I would just add, know, look, our revenue growth rate was just over 25% for the quarter and we're just under 22% last year, Q1. So all in all, I would say we feel pretty good. And again, as George mentioned, we had a really nice speed on EBITDA, which is continued financial discipline in terms of running the business. So the last thing I'll mention is our operating cash flow actually in Q1 was equivalent to our operating cash flow for all of last year. So and obviously, cash is a pretty important element of our financial model as well. So we feel really good about the results.

[Steven McDermott, Analyst at Bank of America]

Awesome. Thank you. I'm looking at the free cash flow, and it's ramping quite nicely. So thank you.

[William Zerella, CFO at ACV Auctions]

Thank you. Ladies

[Operator]

and gentlemen, that concludes today's Q and A. I will now hand over to Tom Fox for closing remarks.

[Tim Fox, VP, IR at ACV Auctions]

Great, thank you. I'd like to thank everybody for joining the call today. We look forward to seeing you on what's going to be a pretty busy conference circuit this quarter. Again, thank you for your interest in ACV, and I hope you all have a great evening.

[George Chamoun, CEO at ACV Auctions]

Thanks.

[Operator]

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes this evening's event. Thank you for attending, and you may now disconnect your lines.

Participants

Executives

• Tim Fox, VP, IR
• George Chamoun, CEO
• William Zerella, CFO

Analysts

• Rajat Gupta, Executive Director, Autos at JP Morgan Chase & Co
• Bob Labick, President at CJS Securities
• Naved Khan, Managing Director - Equity Research at B. Riley Securities
• Chris Pierce, Senior Analyst at Needham & Company
• Steven McDermott, Analyst at Bank of America