Crown Castle Q2 2025 Earnings Report

Crown Castle EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $1.02
• Consensus EPS: $1.00
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.02
• One Year Ago EPS: $1.62

Crown Castle Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $1.06 billion
• Expected Revenue: $1.04 billion
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$22.77 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: -4.20%

Crown Castle Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q2 2025
• Date: 7/23/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Wednesday, July 23, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 5:30PM ET

Crown Castle (NYSE:CCI), incorporated in 1994 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in communications infrastructure across the United States. Originally established to develop and operate wireless towers, the company has grown through strategic acquisitions and organic expansion to become one of the largest owners and operators of shared communications sites in the country.

The company’s core business revolves around leasing space on its portfolio of cell towers, small cell networks and fiber assets to wireless service providers, broadcasters and other enterprises. Crown Castle’s small cell solutions are designed to support dense urban deployments and emerging 5G applications, while its fiber network provides high-capacity backhaul connectivity between towers and major traffic hubs. By offering integrated site development, installation and maintenance services, the company helps carriers accelerate network rollouts and improve coverage in both metropolitan and rural areas.

Serving all major U.S. wireless carriers and a broad range of enterprise and government customers, Crown Castle’s footprint extends coast to coast, with significant concentrations in high-demand markets such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Dallas. The company emphasizes long-term contractual relationships with its tenants, providing stable, recurring revenue streams tied to network usage and expansion.

Under the leadership of President and Chief Executive Officer Jay Brown, Crown Castle continues to invest in capacity enhancements, smart site technologies and fiber densification to address growing data demands. The company’s management team brings extensive experience in telecommunications, real estate and infrastructure finance, guiding a strategy focused on asset optimization, customer service and disciplined capital allocation.

Crown Castle Q2 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Upgraded 2025 outlook by $10 million in site rental revenue, $25 million in adjusted EBITDA, and $35 million in AFFO on stronger leasing demand and cost efficiencies.
• Neutral Sentiment: Achieved 4.7% Q2 organic growth (ex-Sprint cancellations), a $6 million increase in services contribution, and $37 million SG&A savings, partly offset by $51 million of Sprint churn and non-cash revenue reductions.
• Positive Sentiment: On track to close the small cell and fiber business divestiture in H1 2026 with interim state approvals and ongoing DOJ review, paving the way for a pure-play tower company.
• Positive Sentiment: Implemented cost savings and operational efficiencies—cutting full-year 2025 overhead by $10 million, shortening project cycle times, and improving service margins—to bolster standalone tower profitability.
• Positive Sentiment: Refined capital allocation by lowering the annualized dividend to $4.25, targeting a 75–80% AFFO payout post-close, planning $150–250 million/year tower capex, and prioritizing debt reduction and share repurchases.

Presentation

[Operator]

Day, and welcome to Crown Castle's Second Quarter twenty twenty five Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen only mode. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Chris Hinson, Vice President of Corporate Finance and Treasurer. Please go ahead.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

Thank you, Ishiya, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today as we discuss our second quarter twenty twenty five results. With me on the call this afternoon are Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle's Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Suneet Patel, Crown Castle's Chief Financial Officer. To aid the discussion, we have posted supplemental materials in the Investors section of our website at crowncastle.com that will be referenced throughout the call. This conference call will contain forward looking statements, which are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results may vary materially from those expected.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

Information about potential factors which could affect our results is available in the press release and the Risk Factors sections of the company's SEC filings. Our statements are made as of today, 07/23/2025, and we assume no obligation to update any forward looking statements. In addition, today's call includes discussions of certain non GAAP financial measures. Tables reconciling these non GAAP financial measures are available in the supplemental information package in the Investors section of the company's website at crowncastle.com. I would like to remind everyone that having an agreement to sell our fiber segment means that the fiber segment results are required to be reported within Crown Castle's financial statements as discontinued operations.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

Consistent with our first quarter reporting, the company's full year 2025 outlook and second quarter results do not include contributions from what we previously reported under the Fiber segment, except as otherwise noted. To aid in the review of our second quarter results, we have included in our earnings materials full year 2024 results on a comparable basis. As we indicated last quarter, within 2025 outlook and in our quarterly results, all financing expenses are included in continuing operations and do not reflect the impact of any expected use of proceeds from the sale of our fiber business. Additionally, SG and A has been allocated between continuing and discontinued operations to develop our outlook. However, these allocations may not represent the run rate SG and A for Crown Castle as a stand alone tower company.

[Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer at Crown Castle]

As a result, adjusted EBITDA, AFFO and AFFO per share in our 2025 outlook and quarterly results may not be representative of the company's anticipated performance following the close of the sale. With that, let me turn the call over to Dan.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Chris, and good afternoon, everyone. As a result of the great work by everyone at Crown Castle, we are delivering on the three near term priorities I shared last quarter. First, meeting or exceeding the company's financial and operating objectives for 2025. Second, facilitating the successful close of the sale of our small cells and fiber solutions businesses. And third, positioning the tower business to maximize value for shareholders on a standalone basis.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

As evidenced by our solid second quarter results and our increased 2025 guidance, we are delivering on our first priority. The increase to our full year 2025 outlook is underpinned both by higher demand for our assets as our wireless customers continue to augment capacity in their networks driving higher leasing and services activity and by improved operating efficiency. On the second priority, we believe we are on track to close our sale transaction in the first half of twenty twenty six. We've already started receiving state level approvals and we are actively engaged with the Department of Justice as we process a second request for information that we recently received. From an operational standpoint, we have delivered to the buyers outlines of the processes, personnel, and support infrastructure required to operate each business, positioning us for a seamless transition at close.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

With respect to our third priority, since announcing the agreement to sell our small cell and fiber solutions businesses, we have focused on operating the tower business more efficiently. This focus is already beginning to show up in our results as we have driven shorter cycle times that have contributed to our higher leasing expectations for the remainder of the year. We have improved the margins in our services business by reducing operating costs and we have reduced expected full year 2025 overhead costs by $10,000,000 We believe our continued focus on operating the tower business more efficiently along with our previously announced capital allocation framework will position the company to maximize value as a pure play U. S. Tower operator.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

In the second quarter, we made progress implementing our capital allocation framework by decreasing our dividend per share to $4.25 on an annualized basis, which will increase our financial flexibility going forward. Following the close of our sale transaction, we intend to grow the dividend in line with AFFO excluding amortization of prepaid rent by maintaining a payout ratio of 75% to 80%. Additionally, we expect to spend between 150,000,000 and $250,000,000 of annual net capital expenditures to modify our towers, purchase land under our towers and invest in technology to enhance and automate our systems and processes. We believe these enhancements, which are already underway, are fundamental to our operational objectives of improving customer service, becoming the best operator of U. S.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Towers by increasing productivity and efficiency. Lastly, after paying our quarterly dividend and pursuing organic investment opportunities, we intend to utilize the free cash flow we generate to repurchase shares while maintaining our investment grade credit rating, which we believe will drive attractive shareholder returns. To wrap up, as supported by our updated full year 2025 outlook, we are making solid progress across our three near term priorities. We are on track to exceed our financial and operational objectives for 2025. We're making both regulatory and operational progress in the separation of the small cell and fiber solutions businesses and believe we are on track to close the transaction in the first half of twenty twenty six.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And we are focusing on driving efficiencies and implementing our capital allocation framework, which we believe will position the tower business to maximize long term value creation. With that, I'll turn it over to Sunit to walk us through the details of the quarter.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Dan, and good afternoon, everyone. Starting on Page four of our earnings presentation, we delivered higher than expected second quarter results demonstrating the solid performance of the underlying tower business, highlighted by 4.7% organic growth, excluding the impact of Sprint cancellations, a $6,000,000 year over year increase in services activity contribution, and a $37,000,000 year over year decrease in SG and A, primarily driven by the reduction in staffing levels and office closures announced in June 2024, and the absence of $20,000,000 of advisory fees incurred in the second quarter of twenty twenty four. These items, however, were more than offset at the site rental revenues, adjusted EBITDA and AFFO lines, largely due to an unfavorable fifty one million dollars impact from Sprint cancellations, a $34,000,000 reduction in non cash straight line revenues, and $16,000,000 decrease in noncash amortization of prepaid rent. Our updated outlook for full year 2025 includes increases of $10,000,000 to site rental revenues, dollars 25,000,000 to adjusted EBITDA, and $35,000,000 to AFFO. Moving to page six.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

The $10,000,000 increase to growth in site rental revenues is a result of higher organic contribution to site rental billings, driven by higher activity levels. This increase, which brings the full year outlook for organic growth to 4.7%, excluding the impact of Sprint cancellations, benefits from and a $5,000,000 increase to change in other billings, which primarily consists of back billings. We also expect a $35,000,000 increase at the AFO line consisting of, first, the $10,000,000 increase to site rental revenues second, a $10,000,000 decrease in overhead expenses as we identify opportunities for greater operational efficiency in the tower business third, a $5,000,000 increase in services gross margin driven by the higher activity levels and finally, a $10,000,000 decrease in interest expense due primarily to a push out in the assumed term out of our floating debt. Our outlook for discretionary capital expenditures, which includes modifying our towers, purchasing land under our towers, and investing in technology and systems that will enhance profitability, remains unchanged at $185,000,000 or $145,000,000 net of $40,000,000 of prepaid rent received. In conclusion, we're making solid progress against each of our top near term priorities.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

We believe we remain on track to close the sale of our small cells and fiber solutions business in the first half of twenty twenty six. With our increased focus on operating the TAR business as efficiently as possible, we continue to expect to meet our range for estimated annual AFFO that we reiterated last quarter of February to $2,415,000,000 at anticipated transaction close. And we believe our focus on operational execution, investment grade balance sheet and our capital allocation framework will position the Tower business to maximize long term shareholder value on a stand alone basis. With that, operator, I'd like to open the line for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. The first question comes from Jim Schneider with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

[Joshua Frantz, Vice President at Goldman Sachs]

Hey guys, this is Josh in for Jim. Thanks for taking the questions. Just two if I could. Can you give a bit more information on what's driving the higher leasing activity and if this is related to rural builds or some other project that you're seeing from the carriers? And then secondly, each of the carriers has spoken about their timeline for five gs deployments.

[Joshua Frantz, Vice President at Goldman Sachs]

But from your standpoint, relative to this point in five gs versus three gs and four gs cycles, how should we think about what's left to deploy and how do you think about the tail of five gs being longer or shorter than those? Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Josh. The higher leasing activity really is across the board from all of our customers and across our footprint. I think what we're seeing is a continuation of our customers seeing a need to augment their network capacity because they're seeing subscriber growth as they each, most of them announced over the course of the last few days. And they're seeing an increase in churn. I think when you see those types of things from our perspective, subscriber growth and increased churn usually leads to an increase in activity because the network needs to be augmented to keep up with the incremental demand that's being placed on it.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So there's nothing I would point to specifically other than it's just activity levels are higher than what we expected when we gave guidance at the beginning of the year. On timeline of five gs, this deployment cycle versus others, The four gs cycle was ten to twelve years that took to go from the beginning of the four gs cycle until we really started five gs in earnest. I don't think there's anything that would lead us to believe that the five gs cycle would be any shorter. I think there is something that would say that the five gs cycle might be longer just because, the quantum of incremental data continues to grow. So even though that the percentage of data growth in The US is relatively consistent, because the base is growing, you're getting an increase in just the amount data that needs to be trafficked over the networks, which we think is gonna take a long time for our customers to continue to build out their networks to withstand all of that incremental demand.

[Joshua Frantz, Vice President at Goldman Sachs]

Got it, thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Michael Rollins with Citi. Please go ahead.

[Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citi]

Thanks and good afternoon. I'm curious to ask about the pro form a post divestiture Crown Castle. So, in the past, I think you talked about generating and you referenced it, I think earlier enough AFFO per share. So the dividend payout at four and a quarter would be 75% to 80%. And then there could be a second leg after that in terms of efficiencies beyond just the general organic growth of the business.

[Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citi]

So curious, as you've been focusing more on the go forward crown strategy and efficiencies, what you're learning about the size of opportunity in that second leg of maybe how much more incremental efficiency can generate and the speed at which you could get to the first leg and the second leg once the deal closes? Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks for the question, Mike. I'm gonna try to use the language you use and use it first leg, second leg, even though that's not exactly how we've said it, but I'll use that language to be consistent with how you asked the question.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We've given in the first quarter and soon as said it in the prepared remarks that we still believe we will be able to reach the range of outcomes for the annualized period after close that we had in our presentation last quarter of around 2,300,000,000.0 to $2,400,000,000 of AFFO. Obviously, we expect to get there by the time we close the transaction or we wouldn't put that out as our expectation. So we believe we will be able to get to that level of savings that would allow us to reach and generate that level of AFFO by the time we close the transaction. So that I think covers your first leg question. Your second leg question is beyond just being a simpler business that allows you to operate more efficiently and drive costs out, what can you do going forward that would be even more?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We don't really have a timeframe on that nor do we have a way to quantify it at this point because we are working on that currently. We updating our systems, we are updating our processes currently. And as we go through that process, we will identify places where we believe we can get more efficient that will drive higher AFFO growth over time. But we're not in a position now that we will be able to quantify when or how much.

[Operator]

Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Michael Funk with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

[Michael Funk, SVP at Bank of America]

Yeah, thank you for the question and good evening everyone. Sunit, maybe a question for for you if I if I could. You know, going back to the post close structure, and and you've talked a lot with allocation of expense between, you know, the the stand alone business versus the divested business. Where are the most questions on overlapping costs left to evaluate and deciding the final breakdown of expense between the divested and then the core tower business?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, I think if I understand your question, right, Michael, I think, look, there are dyssynergies in running three disparate businesses. We've got the fiber business, the small cell business and the tower business. I think just with a simpler business, that helps a lot, whether it's at corporate levels, IT functions at the tower level. So, I think that as we have been going through the course of this year through some of our separation activity, and it's beginning to highlight areas that we'd have to take a look at post closing. So, but the main point I would make is, running three businesses versus difference in simplification, which is why we think we should be able to drive efficiencies over time. Dan?

[Michael Funk, SVP at Bank of America]

But are there areas like maintenance for example, there's still some questions that allocate that cost between the two businesses, or is it more the overlapping costs, you know, business support, you know, IT accounting, things of that nature that you're still questioning?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah. On the corporate side, not as much because the businesses are on fairly separately otherwise, meaning the fiber and small cell and the tower business. Not much overlap on things like maintenance that you mentioned, small on the corporate side.

[Michael Funk, SVP at Bank of America]

Okay, one more quick one, if I could, please. When thinking about capital allocation priorities, how should we think about programmatic versus opportunistic buybacks?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, I mean, I think we mentioned this at the announcement of the transaction, but clearly, with the proceeds debt reduction is key, if you want to keep and make sure we have an investment grade rating balance sheet, if you like. We talked about our dividend policy as Dan mentioned, we have set the dividend at a new level and then going forward, post the close of the transaction, you know, the dividend will grow and will be in that range of 75 to 80% of AFFO. And then thirdly, we also talked about buying shares back. So that's as you point out, more discretionary, but we also talked about what we're gonna do there. So the idea is to do all three, which we think really maximizes shareholder value over time.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

And then I'll let Dan add any thoughts he has.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

The only thing I would add to that, Michael, is we're gonna have, again, I think kind of two stages of what you would call a share reverse. The first is what do we do with the proceeds that we get from the transaction and how are we gonna allocate those proceeds? As we've talked about, we're going to use the vast majority to pay down debt and then we're going to use some to buy back stock, to maintain an investment grade rating. How we ultimately execute on that stock repurchase program is going to be a function of the timing, the market and what we think will deliver the best results for our shareholders. So we have a view yet on how we will ultimately execute.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And then ongoing, we believe we will generate, additional free cash flow and leverage capacity that we can utilize to invest in our business, pay our dividend and buy back stock as Sunit pointed out. And again, how we ultimately structure all of that stock repurchase will be predicated on what the market looks like and how we think we'll be able to generate the best value for our shareholders. So I don't think at this point we can give a really good sense for what that execution is going to look like. But I think what we can say is we understand their pros and cons to having a programmatic share repurchase and or having an opportunistic share repurchase. We will weigh all of that and come up with what we think is the best case scenario.

[Michael Funk, SVP at Bank of America]

Great. Thank you both for the time.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Rick Prentiss with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Thanks. Good afternoon, everybody on a busy day. First, our thoughts are with everybody in Texas. That was a very difficult time over the July 4. So hopefully everybody on the team and families made it okay.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Rick.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

First question I've got, Dan, you mentioned that something you've already been achieving has been shorter cycle times. Where are we at right now? What are you guys heading and what what kind of, cycle times are you achieving that's that's helping results?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah. Overall, I wouldn't say that the cycle times would show something that would be a dramatic change from when we get an application to when we put something on air and generate revenue. Those are still for most of the applications we're talking about now in the six to twelve month range. What we're talking about is the average cycle time. We've been able to reduce the amount of process that we put in and streamline what we do in order to drive incremental and relatively marginal changes to our cycle times.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

But when you're talking about a book of business, the size of ours and the number of applications that we process on a yearly basis, those incremental and marginal improvements add up to outcome to impact the new leasing activity that we have in assets. But we increased the core leasing activity by $5,000,000 So it's not a tremendous impact, but it's a proof point that what we're doing is working. We're putting in place, incentives and getting people to work really hard to try to figure out what can we do to make our better. And we're seeing the very early stages of all those things coming through both in those cycle times that we're talking about, but also in the improvement to our services margin, and the improvement to our cost structure. So it's just little things over and over again, we think will allow us to be the best in class operator of towers.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And it won't be one dramatic event that we can point to and say our cycle times move by one hundred and eighty days. There are gonna be little things here and there, like cycle times, like cost improvements that over time we think are going to add a tremendous amount of value through the ability to grow our cash flows more than we otherwise would have.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

I think you also mentioned on the deal closing, still looking at first half, You got some state levels that are making good progress or approved, DOJ. Is there anything with the FCC? And of course, we've been watching T Mobile US Solar, Paramount Skydance. A lot of this DEI discussions or need for a letter sometimes comes out there. But is there any FCC requirement?

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

And where are you guys at as far as any kind of DEI issues?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, there's nothing that we can speak to one way or the other at this point, because we're just not far enough along in the process. What we can say is that we have tried to manage our business for the interest of our shareholders because we believe that's the most important thing to do. And we continue to manage our business with the interest in our shareholders. Some of those things when we are trying to drive the best outcomes for shareholders also means we try to drive the best outcomes for our customers and our communities and our employees. But the driving factor in how we make decisions is what do we think is gonna make the best sense for our business overall.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

And last one for me is you laid out your three objectives and what you're working on. Good progress on all of them. Maybe an update on is the board actively searching for a new CEO? Are they waiting for the deal to close? Because it means it sort of seems like the process is going well.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

But what is the update kind of on a CEO search? And could there be any changes in capital allocation or stock buyback plans if there was a change at the C level?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

The board is actively searching for a CEO. I don't think that they are waiting for the deal to close. I think that they are trying to find the right person to lead this company going forward. They have not put a timeframe on it as we discussed last quarter because as you said, things are going well enough at this point where we don't need to make a change. But I think that they wanna find the CEO who is no longer interim as quickly as they can because it would be something that would clear up another level of uncertainty at our company.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We've had plenty of uncertainty so it would be very good I think to have an announcement and I think the board understands that. So they're working towards it. I forget the second part of what you have. Capital allocation. Yeah, could they change the capital allocation?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I think what you can take away is that the board has made some decisions on the strategy and the future of this business that any person who would step into the role would have to agree with or they wouldn't take the role. Because I think that the board will be very clear that we are going to be a tower only business that is focused on The US and they're gonna want somebody who's gonna come in and be able to make that, that tower only business the best operator of towers in The US that we possibly can be. And I think that they'll make that clear to any person who's gonna come in to be the CEO.

[Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial]

Great. Thanks guys. And again, our thoughts are with everybody in Texas.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Ben Swinburne with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

Thanks. Good afternoon. I guess two questions. One kind of bigger picture. I know it's early, Dan, but I was wondering if you had any updated thoughts on how Gen AI or AI could drive incremental traffic by your customers and therefore incremental tower revenue, particularly as we see inferencing as a bigger and bigger part of the AI use cases.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

And then second, I know it's a smaller part of the business, but service gross margins are coming in better. Guys, that's part of the guide raise. Can you talk a little bit about what's happening there? How much of that might be kind of structural or what changes you've made to help drive that and how we should think about the service margin opportunity going forward? Thank you.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, Ben. The first question on what do we see as incremental data in AI? As you pointed out, it's pretty early on to come up with a specific use case. But I think like any other technology that's come into our lives, as long as we see value in that technology, that technology will ultimately follow us where we are, which is mobile. We don't sit in our desks and only do work at our desks anymore.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So anything you can think of that drives AI traffic that people currently are using when they are at the office will likely make it into a world where we're gonna wanna use that technology as we move around the world. And I think that that is gonna be a potential significant increase in data demand, But the exact use case is really hard to pinpoint right now of what it would be. It could be healthcare or autonomous driving or any of the ones we've talked about. It could be, do we implement better manufacturing techniques and how do you use mobile networks to be able to make that happen? But those types of things are hard for us to see.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

All we know is that as technology increases and technology moves, that we as consumers wanted to move with us. And that's what Crown Castle provides the world, it's connectivity for whatever data you wanna utilize wherever you are. On the second question with the service gross margin coming in better, I would say that the recent improvements have been structural. As we talked about, we've been looking at our processes, looking at our cost structure and trying to save money. And the tower team has done a fantastic job identifying what they can do to try to increase revenues while increasing the percentage of that revenue that falls to the bottom line.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And what you've seen is an increase in service gross margin consistently over the course of the last six, twelve months. And we believe that those are sustainable increases in service gross margin.

[Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley]

Thank you so much.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Jonathan Atkin with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

[Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets]

Thanks. Just a couple from my side. Wondered if you're noticing anything different around carrier activity with respect to doing their own greenfield builds. I think one of them kind of referenced an elevated pace of doing their own builds rather than perhaps commissioning build to suits from third parties. Any observations on that?

[Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets]

And then with regard to just private market M and A activity in The U. S, anything that you're seeing in terms of multiples?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks, John. You may have cut out a bit. So if I don't get to the second question fully, just please ask again. We have not really been in the build to suit market very much over the course of the recent past because we have not seen an opportunity to generate returns over and above our cost of capital given the terms that we've seen coming from carriers. So we haven't been involved all that much in build to suit. And therefore we haven't seen much of a change because we just haven't been all that involved. Find it hard that our customers are able to drive a lower all in cost of operation over the life of an asset for the tower business, that wouldn't be third party given the ability to share that asset is so much easier as a third party than it is as a carrier.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And that has been proven over and over again over the history of tower business. So even though that might happen that our customers want to build their own towers for a period of time, it has generally been that they ultimately sell those towers to a third party operator because that's where the lowest total cost of operation can occur because of the sharing of the capital among all customers. On private market sorry, multiples go ahead.

[Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets]

No, go ahead. I have a quick third one to go ahead and address the M and A.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Okay. Thanks, John. On private market multiples, we've said this before, I've said this before, it has always been an interesting to me in my experience with this industry, that private market multiples have been higher than public market multiples. And we've never really figured out exactly why I think that there's some theories, but it's hard to pinpoint. And we have not seen a significant change in the market dynamics for private tower assets in The US.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Again, that really hasn't impacted us all that much. We haven't been in the market to do so. And we're not in the market now to try to go expand our footprint in The US because we have enough to do right now to get the deal closed that we're already working on. So I don't think the private market multiples where they sit today have much of an impact on Crown Castle's outlook over the course of 2025 and even into 2026 as we get the sale of our fiber solutions and small cell businesses completed.

[Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets]

Thanks. You mentioned operations and execution in both prepared remarks and then in response to Rick's question. On ground lease purchases, the pace of it, anything around whether that could increase in terms of outright purchases of lands or lease extensions, anything different going forward than what we've seen over the last couple of quarters?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We have not increased over, you can see we haven't increased over the course of this year thus far, our purchases of land under the towers. However, we are putting a focus on trying to identify the places where we think that we can generate a good return by buying that land and reducing our cost structure. We think that drives value as long as it's a good return for us, and it reduced our operating costs. Those things are things that we think are really valuable and can generate incremental shareholder value. So we are looking to increase the amount of land that we purchase over time.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And you should see in the back half of the year, a little increase in the amount of capital that we are allocating to that land purchase program.

[Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Ari Klein with BMO. Please go ahead.

[Ari Klein, Director - Equity Research at BMO Capital Markets]

Thanks. Dan, you mentioned capacity additions. Curious if that suggests you're seeing an uptick in colo activity. And maybe you can talk to the colo versus amendment mix and how that might be changing. And then maybe separately on EBITDA, you've had two quarters of outperformance to start the year that amount to more than the amount that guide was raised.

[Ari Klein, Director - Equity Research at BMO Capital Markets]

And if we simply annualize the first half of the year, it would get to above the high end of the range. So just curious if can provide some color on the moving parts and maybe what's been sustainable cost savings versus seasonality or timing? Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

On your first question, Ari, the capacity additions, we have not seen a significant change in the mix of co location and amendment activity. So what we're talking about when we say adding capacity, that addition can be based on adding capacity at a tower that our customers are already on or adding capacity on towers that they are not yet on, which would be the co locations. So we're seeing both augmentation and some densification, but not at a pace that's any different than what we've seen historically.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, on your second question, I mean, as we mentioned in the last call, we do have some seasonality in the business. So some of the expenses know, were running lower, but, you know, some of them will be back ended for the rest of the year. So, I think the range we provided captures that for the EBITDA level.

[Ari Klein, Director - Equity Research at BMO Capital Markets]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Batya Levi with UBS. Please go ahead. Great.

[Batya Levi, MD & Analyst - Communications, Media & Infrastructure at UBS Group]

Thank you. Can you remind us your exposure to USM and maybe the remaining deal terms with the company? And do you have a sense of the overlap with T Mobile? I think they just suggested that they will take on more towers from USM and how that could potentially impact you? Thank you.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Bhatia, I'm really sorry, but you broke up when you asked that question. Do you mind asking again? I apologize.

[Batya Levi, MD & Analyst - Communications, Media & Infrastructure at UBS Group]

Sure. The exposure to USM and maybe the remaining deal terms with the company. And I believe T Mobile is looking to acquire more towers from USM and how could that impact you?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Thanks for repeating it. Sorry about that. We have minimal exposure to US cellular towers, US cellular on our towers. Is a negligible amount that would not have an impact on our overall financial results.

[Batya Levi, MD & Analyst - Communications, Media & Infrastructure at UBS Group]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Brendan Lynch with Barclays. Please go ahead.

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to follow-up about allocating costs between continuing and discontinuing ops. It sounds like the default is to keep expenses in continuing ops, so it's clear that it can be moved over. So should we expect that more costs are going to be moved over each quarter until the deal closes?

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

Looks like you did this with $15,000,000 of stock comp this quarter.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, Brendan, don't think that we're going to have a consistent move of costs from continuing to discontinuing. But as you pointed out, there is a requirement to identify to put costs into discontinued operations, that those costs are allocated solely to those discontinued operations. Anything that is shared stays with the continuing operations. And we will have some minor moves here and there to change what moves into discontinued operations and what's in continuing. But I wouldn't say that it's gonna be a systematic March each quarter.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So what you're seeing is kind of ensuring that we've made those allocations as well as we possibly can. We think we've done a very good job and we might have some minor changes over time, but nothing that would be significant would be the way I would say.

[Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital]

Okay, thanks. That's helpful. And then it looks like you only incurred about $14,000,000 of maintenance CapEx year to date, but guidance implies $31,000,000 in the second half at the midpoint. Can you provide any details on what might be planned to get you to the $45,000,000 midpoint or even into the range that you're suggesting?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, some of that is just timing and seasonality. Think we'll see a heavier expense in the second half of the year, consistent with our guide.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Okay, there's nothing planned as specific. It's just the way that we spend money sometimes is not ratable. And we're gonna make sure that our towers are maintained in a way that keeps them safe and upright and appropriate for the weight and distribution that we have on them. And the way the capital ultimately plays out over the course of the year, sometimes has lumpiness to it like this year.

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Okay, thanks for the color.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Richard Cho with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

[Richard Choe, VP & Executive Director at JP Morgan]

Hi. I wanted to ask about as two of your, I guess, base customers and national carriers get to 80%, ninety percent five gs coverage, Do you expect any sort of, I guess, fall off next year as second carrier reaches that level? And maybe along with that, what are you seeing in your pipeline of business for next year?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

We're not at a point right now that we think we can give or should give 2026 guidance. So we're not going to talk through what leasing activity is going to be going into 2026. Having said that, clearly by our increase in guidance for 2025, we're seeing a higher level of activity through this year than what we expected at the beginning of the year when we gave guidance. And if you look at the first half of the year in core leasing activity, then what we expect in the second half of the year, we expect more core leasing activity in the second half than we have experienced in the first half of the year. So we're pleased with that result.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

It's good to see more revenue growth than we expect, Moving our midpoint of our guidance from 4.5% growth excluding Sprint churn to 4.7% growth excluding Sprint churn is a meaningful move for us. And we think that that positions us well for the future as we continue to focus on growing the revenues of the company.

[Richard Choe, VP & Executive Director at JP Morgan]

And some of the increase, not all of it obviously, but some of it was from the back billing. It seems like that's also an improvement benefit from operations. Should we see more of this going forward as you continue to improve operations or will it be a little bit more episodic?

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

I think it will be episodic when we are able to raise our guidance, but as we put into the guidance that we updated today, there's a $5,000,000 increase in other billings, which is mostly in back billing. Some of that already occurred in the year and some of it is yet to occur based on the work we're doing to identify where we need, where we have equipment on towers that we need to get paid for. So we are improving all of the process around how we operate as a tower company. And that's just yet another proof point that we're making some progress. But like we said, these are pretty small moves, but small moves over a long period of time will generate a whole bunch of value.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

So I can't say that we're always gonna have consistent improvements based on the activities that we are undertaking now. What I can say is that over time, we believe those improvements will come and whether they're episodic, which I think definitionally means they're episodic.

[Richard Choe, VP & Executive Director at JP Morgan]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Matt McMahon with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

[Matt Niknam, Director - Equity Research at Deutsche Bank]

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Just one for me. Any implications on the pacing of carrier investment post recent tax reform that you've picked up in conversations with customers? Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Yeah, the carriers have all released their earnings and guidance, at this point, the three large carriers have. I think each of them said that they were gonna use those tax savings to invest in their network. But I think that the majority of that increase was being directed towards fiber and not towards wireless. So we have not seen thus far any significant impact from the tax reform. But it's a little early to tell because even if they're talking about utilizing most of those cash flow to go into capital allocation priorities in fiber, We're also seeing an environment in the wireless market that is a good environment saying traffic is increasing, subscribers are increasing, churn is increasing.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

And like I said before, when you have that type of environment, it generally leads to investment in the wireless network. So I think we will see continued investment. I think we need it as a country, we need to see continued investment in the wireless infrastructure to withstand the demand that we're all placing on that infrastructure. But I don't the carriers have not said publicly that they are utilizing the tax savings to invest to make those investments in wireless technology, in the wireless infrastructure.

[Matt Niknam, Director - Equity Research at Deutsche Bank]

Appreciate it. Thanks, Dan.

[Operator]

Our last question comes from Nick Del Deo with MoffettNathanson. Please go ahead.

[Nick Del Deo, Senior Research Analyst - Digital Infrastructure at Moffettnathanson LLC]

Hey, thanks for taking my questions. Just two relatively quick ones. So you're projecting $185,000,000 in discretionary CapEx for the year. I think in the first half it was $66,000,000 which implies a pretty sharp increase in the second half. Is that from planned investments in systems or seasonality or are you budgeting for something else in there?

[Nick Del Deo, Senior Research Analyst - Digital Infrastructure at Moffettnathanson LLC]

And then on the $10,000,000 reduction in G and A that you're expecting, did that primarily relate to power G and A or shared G and A?

[Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer at Crown Castle]

Yeah, so on the capital, yeah, I mean, we'll have a whole bunch of things as I mentioned, but one of them will be land purchases. So you'll see capital for that, some will be in systems, some will be in sustaining CapEx that we talked about to kind of maintain our infrastructure. So, it happens to be a little more backend loaded this year as Dan pointed out, we also say we are stepping up our land investments. So that's what's driving that. On the 10,000,000, yeah, I mean, most of that is GNA, but G and A generally, some at corporate levels, some within the Qatar business.

[Nick Del Deo, Senior Research Analyst - Digital Infrastructure at Moffettnathanson LLC]

Thanks.

[Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO at Crown Castle]

Part of this is a result, Nick, of some of the actions we took last year, as you remember, we reduced our costs last year in the middle of the year, and we continue to see benefits from having taken both people and non labor costs out of G and A. And some of it is just the continuation of all of that work we did, and a real strong focus on ensuring that every incremental dollar that we're spending is doing something very positive for the business. And I'll give a lot of credit to the managers in our company who are really focused on ensuring that our cost structure stays as tight as it can while still providing the service we need to our customers.

[Nick Del Deo, Senior Research Analyst - Digital Infrastructure at Moffettnathanson LLC]

Okay, great. Thanks guys.

[Operator]

This concludes the question and answer session and today's conference call. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Kris Hinson, VP of Corporate Finance & Treasurer
• Daniel Schlanger, Interim President and CEO
• Sunit Patel, Chief Financial Officer

Analysts

• Joshua Frantz, Vice President at Goldman Sachs
• Michael Rollins, Analyst at Citi
• Michael Funk, SVP at Bank of America
• Ric Prentiss, Managing Director at Raymond James Financial
• Benjamin Swinburne, Head of U.S Media Research at Morgan Stanley
• Jonathan Atkin, Analyst - Communications Infrastructure at RBC Capital Markets
• Ari Klein, Director - Equity Research at BMO Capital Markets
• Batya Levi, MD & Analyst - Communications, Media & Infrastructure at UBS Group
• Brendan Lynch, Director at Barclays Capital
• Richard Choe, VP & Executive Director at JP Morgan
• Matt Niknam, Director - Equity Research at Deutsche Bank
• Nick Del Deo, Senior Research Analyst - Digital Infrastructure at Moffettnathanson LLC