GrafTech International Q1 2026 Earnings Report

GrafTech International EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$2.05
• Consensus EPS: -$1.25
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.80
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

GrafTech International Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $125.10 million
• Expected Revenue: $120.60 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$4.50 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

GrafTech International Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2026
• Date: 5/1/2026
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Friday, May 1, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 10:00AM ET

GrafTech International (NYSE:EAF) (NYSE: EAF) is a leading global manufacturer of graphite electrodes and other specialty graphite products used primarily in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for steel production. The company’s core offerings include ultrahigh-power, high-power and regular power electrodes, along with related accessories such as graphite shapes and heterogeneous carbon materials. These products play a critical role in steelmaking by conducting the high electrical currents required to melt scrap steel efficiently and with reduced environmental impact compared to traditional blast furnace methods.

With a manufacturing footprint spanning North America, Europe and Asia, GrafTech serves steel producers and foundries worldwide. The company operates major production facilities in Ohio, Mexico and France, allowing it to maintain a stable supply of electrodes and specialty graphite parts to key markets in China, India, the United States and Western Europe. GrafTech’s vertically integrated production model begins with petroleum coke and coal tar pitch and extends through calcining, graphitization and machining, giving it greater control over quality, cost and delivery performance.

Founded more than a century ago, GrafTech has evolved through several corporate structures and ownership changes, ultimately becoming a publicly traded independent company in 2018. This transition followed its acquisition and private ownership phase under Brookfield Asset Management, during which GrafTech invested in technological upgrades, expanded capacity and strengthened its research and development capabilities. Its long history in carbon science and engineering underpins ongoing efforts to develop next-generation electrode compositions and improve energy efficiency in metallurgical processes.

GrafTech’s leadership team is focused on driving operational excellence, innovation and sustainable growth. Under the direction of President and Chief Executive Officer Robert J. Rigdon, the company has emphasized customer collaboration, supply chain resilience and environmental stewardship. By leveraging its global network and proprietary know-how, GrafTech aims to meet rising demand for low-carbon steel and other specialty applications where high-performance graphite solutions are essential.

GrafTech International Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: GrafTech announced a price increase of $600–$1,200 per metric ton (region-dependent) and says >85% of anticipated 2026 volume is committed, with most of the pricing benefit expected to materialize in the second half of 2026 and set the stage for 2027 negotiations.
• Positive Sentiment: U.S. trade actions are progressing — the ITC found a reasonable indication of injury from imports and Commerce will continue its probes (countervailing duties potentially by end‑July, antidumping mid‑September) — actions that could reduce unfair imports and support domestic pricing and supply security.
• Negative Sentiment: Input‑cost and geopolitical risk is meaningful — decant oil (~25% of production cost) plus electricity/nat‑gas (~10–15%) face upward pressure from the Middle East conflict, which could raise needle‑coke and cash COGS and require additional electrode price moves if sustained.
• Neutral Sentiment: Q1 financials show a net loss of $43 million and adjusted EBITDA of negative $14 million, cash used in operations $15 million, adjusted FCF negative $27 million, but liquidity of about $329 million (including credit availability) and a $35 million CapEx plan provide runway; management notes each $100/mt ASP improvement ≈ $12M EBITDA.
• Positive Sentiment: Operational momentum and secular demand drivers — Q1 sales rose 14% y/y (U.S. sales +37%), production utilization was 65%, and GrafTech highlights vertical integration (Seadrift) and regional manufacturing as competitive advantages to capture rising EAF steel and graphite demand.

Presentation

[Operator]

Thank you for standing by. My name is Jill and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the GrafTech's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star one again. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mike Dillon, Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasurer. You may begin.

[Mike Dillon, VP of Investor Relations and Treasurer at GrafTech]

Good morning and welcome to GrafTech International's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. Thank you for joining us. Joining me on the call are Timothy Flanagan, Chief Executive Officer, and Rory O'Donnell, Chief Financial Officer. Timothy will begin with opening comments on our first quarter performance and key strategic initiatives. Rory will then provide more details on our quarterly results and other financial matters. After brief closing comments by Timothy, we will then open the call to questions. Turning to our next slide. As a reminder, our comments today may include forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, performance, trends, and strategies. These statements are based on current expectations that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements are shown here. We will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, and these slides include the relevant non-GAAP reconciliations.

[Mike Dillon, VP of Investor Relations and Treasurer at GrafTech]

You can find these slides in the investor relations section of our website at www.graftech.com. A replay of the call will also be available on our website. I'll now turn the call over to Timothy Flanagan.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Good morning, thank you for joining GrafTech's first quarter earnings call. While the graphite electrode industry continues to navigate a period of transition, we are starting to see signs of improvement, and GrafTech is well-positioned to capitalize on the recovery ahead. At the same time, geopolitical conflicts are generating macro uncertainty and energy market volatility. Against this backdrop, our priorities remain clear. Drive disciplined commercial execution, continue improving our cost structure, maintain strong liquidity, operate safely, and position GrafTech for long-term value creation. In all of these areas, we'll continue to take decisive actions to support the long-term viability of our business. To that end, let me provide an update on several of our key strategic initiatives that leverage the commercial, operational, and financial progress that we've made over the past couple of years. Starting on the commercial front.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

For some time, we've been clear that pricing levels have not reflected the indispensable nature of a graphite electrode, nor the level of investment required to maintain a stable, reliable supply for the steel industry. That's happened even as steel makers in the U.S. and Europe have announced cumulative price increases over the past five quarters for finished steel products of approximately 50% and 25% respectively, reinforcing the disconnect between value creation in the steel industry and the pricing environment for graphite electrodes, a mission-critical consumable. In response, we are actively pursuing both market-based and policy-driven solutions as part of our disciplined approach to addressing this condition. On March 26, we announced that we're increasing our graphite electrode prices by a minimum of $600-$1,200 per metric ton, depending on the region.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

From a customer's perspective, this represents a $1-$2 increase or less than one half of 1% of the cost to produce a ton of steel. This increase will only apply to volume that was not yet committed as of that date. This price increase represents only a first step to restoring pricing to levels that safeguard regional graphite electrode production and continuity of supply for our customers. As we re-remain focused on value over volume, we'll continue to walk away from volume opportunities that do not meet our margin requirements. Though still early on, we've been encouraged by our customers' reaction to the price announcement and the reflection of the price increase in recent tenders.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

As of today, more than 85% of our anticipated volume is committed in our order book, mostly at price points that reflect market pricing at the end of the fourth quarter of 2025. We're pleased to see the positive pricing momentum, which will lay a critical foundation as we begin the 2027 price negotiations later this year. To further support these efforts, we are actively engaged in advocating for GrafTech in our key commercial jurisdictions as part of our commitment to fair trade and market stability. In the U.S., this includes our support of trade cases filed earlier this year related to the imports of large-diameter graphite electrodes at unfair prices.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

In April, the United States International Trade Commission announced their preliminary determination that there is a reasonable indication that the domestic industry is being materially injured by imports from China and India that are being sold in the U.S. at far less than fair value and subsidized by those governments respectively. As a result of this determination, the United States Department of Commerce will continue its investigation.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

We're very encouraged by these developments and remain confident that the United States Department of Commerce and that the United States International Trade Commission will complete a thorough investigation and take the necessary actions to address these unfair trade practices. As we assess progress towards constructive pricing and supportive trade actions, we continue to evaluate the level of production capacity we need to maintain and the level of volume we will deliver to the market, reflecting our commitment to take decisive actions and support the long-term viability of our business.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

We also continue to assess the industry-wide impact of recent geopolitical developments, particularly the effect on key graphite electrode inputs, including oil-based raw materials, energy, and logistics. Disruptions in the production and transportation of oil out of the Middle East are having a significant impact on the global oil market. This, in turn, has translated into higher decant oil prices, the key raw material for petroleum needle coke. While the needle coke market has been relatively flat for the past two years, we anticipate that higher input costs and potential disruptions in decant oil availability for certain needle coke producers will provide a catalyst for needle coke pricing. In addition, shipping disruption and rising geopolitical risk continue to reinforce the need for supply chain security.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

We are beginning to see a shift in sourcing behavior for certain steel producers with an increased focus on regional production and surety of supply to safeguard continuity of their operations. In this regard, we're well-positioned to meet the needs of our customers. Our strategically positioned global manufacturing footprint provides a competitive advantage given its proximity to large EAF steelmaking regions. We have surety of needle coke supply through our vertical integration with Seadrift, which sources all of its decant oil needs from domestic producers. Regarding the impact of the conflict on GrafTech's cost structure, our efforts over the past several years have created a more agile, more efficient manufacturing footprint that positions us well to control production costs while navigating a dynamic macro environment. We expect incremental improvement through operational efficiencies and disciplined production management.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Our current expectation is that we'll achieve a modest year-over-year reduction in cash COGS consistent with our guidance at the beginning of the year. The extent and duration of the conflict in the Middle East and the resulting longer-term impact on the oil and energy markets remains uncertain. Sustained increases in our key input costs will require us to take further action on electrode pricing. Stepping back as it relates to the graphite electrode and needle coke industries, we are seeing an inflection point take shape. The near-term pricing environment is improving and the long-term fundamentals remain firmly intact. Electric arc furnace steelmaking continues to gain share globally, driven by decarbonization trends and structural shifts in steel production. This transition supports long-term demand for graphite electrodes and in turn, petroleum needle coke.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

We expect further synthetic graphite and petroleum needle coke demand to result from the building of Western supply chains for battery needs, whether for electric vehicles or energy storage applications. We applaud the efforts of policymakers both in the U.S. and the EU as begin to develop a joint Critical Minerals Action Plan. This action plan establishes a framework for the two trading partners to coordinate policies to ensure supply chain resiliency for critical minerals such as synthetic graphite as they explore potential trade mechanisms, including border-adjusted price floors. There's overwhelming evidence in trade cases across multiple jurisdictions that whether it's to support the establishment of a supply chain that doesn't exist outside of China today or to protect those industries that do, pricing support for materials that are critical for national and economic security are an absolute must.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Against this backdrop, GrafTech continues to take proactive measures that seek to capitalize on these emerging opportunities. These include ongoing engagement with the U.S. administration at various levels to help inform and shape critical mineral policies as it relates to graphite electrodes as well as battery materials. Within the EU, supporting the ongoing efforts of the European Carbon and Graphite Association as they advocate for stronger European steel and graphite electrode industries, and demonstrating our technical capabilities through partnership and engagement with various agencies, research institutions, and companies. Let me pivot to our current thoughts on the steel industry trends as context for the rest of our discussion on our performance and outlook.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Global steel production outside of China was 212 million tons in the first quarter, up approximately 1% compared to the prior year, with a global utilization rate of approximately 67% for the quarter. Looking at some of our key commercial regions using data recently published in the World Steel Association. For North America, steel production was up 2% in the first quarter compared to the prior year, driven by 6% year-over-year growth in the U.S. We're seeing this trend continue into Q2, with the AISI reporting that weekly U.S. capacity utilization rate hit 80% for just the second time in the past two years. This is a clear signal that EAF steelmaking activity, and therefore demand for our electrodes, is gaining momentum in an important commercial region.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Conversely, in the EU, steel output for the first quarter remained depressed, declining 3% compared to the prior year. However, as we've noted previously, indicators of a rebound in the steel market have started to appear both in the EU and globally. Turning to the next slide and expanding on this point. In April, World Steel published their latest short range outlook for steel demand. Globally, outside of China, World Steel is projecting 2026 steel demand to grow 1.9% year-over-year. For the U.S., World Steel is projecting 1.7% steel demand growth in 2026. Along with this demand growth, favorable trade policies are expected to further support U.S. steel production. For Europe, World Steel is projecting a return of steel demand growth in the near term, forecasting demand growth of 1.3% for 2026.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

This reflects some of the demand drivers we've discussed in the past earnings calls, including initiatives to increase infrastructure investment, defense spending, representing key steel-intensive industries. In addition, key policy initiatives in the EU are expected to support higher levels of steel production in this important commercial region for GrafTech. Specifically, provisions within the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, or CBAM, implemented in early 2026, will make certain steel imports into the EU less competitive. In April, the EU approved the proposal initially made by the European Commission in 2025 to significantly increase trade protections on steel. These new measures, which will be effective at the beginning of July, will cut tariff-free steel import quotas nearly in half, double the above-quota duties to 50%, and introduce melt and pour disclosure rules to prevent circumvention.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

All this is expected to boost domestic steel production, with some analysts projecting capacity utilization rates in the EU could increase from current levels around 60% to potentially 80% over time. We continue to project that globally, outside of China, demand for graphite electrodes will increase in 2026, with all major regions expected to contribute. GrafTech is uniquely positioned to capture a disproportionate share of that growth. Before I hand the call over to Rory, I want to circle back on one of the key priorities I mentioned in my opening comments, operating safely. Our team continues to do just that, and I want to thank them for their efforts. For the first quarter, our total recordable incident rate was 0.35, a further improvement over the full year rate for 2025.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Sustaining this momentum will remain a critical focus as we work relentlessly towards our goal of zero injuries. With that, I'm going to turn it over to Rory, who will provide more color on our commercial and financial performance for the quarter. Rory?

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Thank you, Tim, and good morning, everyone. Starting with our operations. Our production volume for the first quarter was 29,000 metric tons, resulting in a capacity utilization rate of 65% for the quarter. On the commercial front, our sales volume in the first quarter was 28,000 metric tons, an increase of 14% compared to the prior year. As we remain focused on value over volume, we continue to prioritize business that meets our margin expectations while expanding our presence in higher-value regions, particularly the U.S. To that end, we delivered 37% sales volume growth year-over-year in the U.S. for the first quarter. For the full year, we remain on track to achieve our original guidance of a 5%-10% year-over-year increase in total sales volume, reflecting further market share gains.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Of our anticipated 2026 volume, we have more than 85% committed in our order book to date, which provide good visibility as this is tracking ahead of where we were at this point last year. Turning to price. Our average selling price for the first quarter was approximately $3,900 per metric ton, which represented a 5% decline compared to the prior year and sequentially, a 2% decline compared to the fourth quarter. As we take stock of our pricing action, we are encouraged to see that the trajectory of our pricing is beginning to turn. While we continue to operate with disciplined commercial standards, we are encouraged by the positive pricing momentum, which, in addition to our pricing actions, also reflects the improving backdrop in EAF steel making, all of which is positioning GrafTech to capture significant long-term value as fundamentals continue to improve.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Turning to the next slide and expanding on costs. For the first quarter, our cash costs on a per metric ton basis were $3,848. While above the level reported in the first quarter of 2025, this represented a 4% sequential decline from the fourth quarter. As we have noted in prior calls, we will have periodic quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in our cash cost recognition as a result of timing impacts. However, our underlying cost structure remains significantly improved compared to the prior periods. We will remain focused on further optimization opportunities, including procurement and production efficiency and cost management across the organization, including in response to the geopolitically driven cost pressures that Tim spoke to.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Importantly, we continue to achieve all of this while maintaining our dedication to product quality and reliability, as well as upholding our commitments to environmental responsibility and safety. Overall, cost discipline remains a cornerstone of our strategy, and we are pleased with our ongoing progress toward achieving our long-term expectation of cash costs being approximately $3,600-$3,700 per metric ton. Turning to the next slide and factoring all of this in. For the first quarter, we had a net loss of $43 million, or $1.66 per share. Adjusted EBITDA was negative $14 million compared to negative $4 million in the prior year, primarily due to the decline in our average pricing. Turning to cash flow. For the first quarter, cash used in operating activities was $15 million.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Adjusted free cash flow was negative $27 million compared to negative $40 million in the first quarter of 2025, as the prior year reflected a planned inventory build in the first quarter compared to a more neutral impact of working capital in the current year. On a full year basis, we continue to project a modest increase in our net working capital levels, reflecting our anticipated volume growth. As we have noted, to the extent that conflict-driven impacts on the oil and energy markets result in sustained increases in the carrying cost of our inventory, this will need to be reflected in our graphite electrode pricing moving forward. Lastly, regarding CapEx, we continue to anticipate the full year spend will be approximately $35 million. Which we believe is an adequate level to maintain our assets at current utilization levels and support targeted investments in productivity capital.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Turning to the next slide. We ended the first quarter with total equity of $329 million, consisting of $120 million of cash, $108 million of availability under our revolving credit facility, and $100 million of availability under our delayed draw term loan. As a reminder, the untapped portion of our delayed draw term loan is available to be drawn until July of 2026, and our expectation remains to draw on this residual portion, most likely by the end of the second quarter. As it relates to our $225 million revolving credit facility, which matures in November of 2028, we had no borrowings outstanding as of the end of the quarter.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

However, based on a springing financial covenant that considers our recent financial performance, borrowing availability under the revolver remains limited to approximately $115 million, less currently outstanding letters of credit, which were approximately $7 million at the end of the first quarter. More broadly, as it relates to our liquidity position, our pricing actions announced in the first quarter will set the stage for a more constructive pricing going forward, particularly as it relates to 2027 negotiations that are set to begin in the back half of 2026. As a reference point, based on current utilization rates, each $100 improvement in our average selling price would equate to approximately $12 million of incremental liquidity.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

In conjunction with the other key initiatives that Tim spoke to, it is expected to result in a marked improvement in our financial performance in 2027 and beyond. We believe our $329 million liquidity position, along with the absence of substantial debt maturities until December of 2029, provides a strong foundation from which to execute our strategy, capitalize on improving market conditions, and position GrafTech for meaningful long-term value creation. In closing my remarks, I would like to extend my gratitude for the outstanding commitment and hard work demonstrated by our team members worldwide and thank our customers and our investors for their continued partnership. I will now turn the call back to Tim for a few closing comments.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Thank you, Rory. This remains a pivotal time for GrafTech and our broader industry. Near-term demand fundamentals are beginning to improve. Our price increase actions, favorable trade rulings, supportive policy action, and strong EAF steelmaking trends from key customers are all reinforcing the pricing recovery thesis. Long-term growth drivers, including decarbonization, the continued shift to electric arc furnace steelmaking, and the growing demand for needle coke and synthetic graphite are firmly in place. As the only pure-play graphite electrode producer outside of India and China, we remain firmly resolved to support the continuation of these dynamics. To that end, we will continue to operate with urgency, adaptability, and the conviction to act decisively in the pursuit of long-term value. All of which will position GrafTech to capitalize on the structural trends that are set to shape the future of our industry and to deliver long-term shareholder value.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

To that end, I want to sincerely thank our entire team around the world for the remarkable efforts, resilience, and commitment during this pivotal time. That concludes our prepared remarks, and we'll now open up the call for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. If you have dialed in and would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star one again. If you are called upon to ask a question and are listening via loudspeaker on your device, please pick up your handset and ensure that your phone is not on mute when asking your question. Your first question comes from the line of Bennett Moore of JPMorgan. Your line is open.

[Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan]

Good morning, Tim and Rory. Thank you for taking my questions.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Morning, Bennett.

[Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan]

I wanted to start on the cost inflation side. I think all your EU energy needs are covered for this year, but if you could confirm that, and then maybe if you could help frame what sort of inflation you're seeing from decant oil, and has this started to put upward pressure on needle coke? If not, when do you think we could start to see that flow through?

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Yeah. Thanks, Bennett. On the EU energy costs, you're right. We have fixed price contracts going through the end of the year. That's a good thing for us. We're happy to have that in place. Moving on to the decant oil question. Just to dimensionalize it, and I think we've talked about this before, decant oil as a percentage of our total production cost is around 25% of it. The pricing that we realize on decant oil is not necessarily directly correlated to just the Brent curve. We price off of other index as well, such as the DLS or HSFO and the like. There's also premiums and discounts applied based on quality and such.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

It's dangerous to correlate exactly the forward curve on Brent to our cost of decant oil or needle coke. I will tell you, I'm very happy to say that we've taken a good look at the futures markets. We've looked at analyst consensus, and we've built that into our cost forecast, which as you saw in our release this morning, we're maintaining our cost guidance for a low single-digit improvement over 2025. Luckily or not luckily, but very prudently, we've managed working capital.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Which has given us a little bit of a cushion to tolerate some of these headwinds on the decant oil market if those assumptions come true. Again, our supplier diversification and the timing of our purchases is important to managing that cost, we'll continue to do that. A reminder from our year-end call, we're in the middle of planned major maintenance at our Seadrift facility, a lot of our oil purchases were brought forward in the first quarter in anticipation of that, we can exit the turnaround at Seadrift with enough inventory of decant oil to produce. That's another factor to consider. We have headwinds, as does everyone else. It's dangerous to index right off of the Brent curve if you're looking forward, but we've incorporated all this into our guidance, and we're happy to maintain that previous cost reduction guidance.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Maybe I'll chime in on the needle coke market as a whole. You know, I think, you know, the oil markets certainly have moved up, and while we, you know, source from different things and have a number of constructs that help us keep our pricing in check, you know, I think it is a bit of a proxy for what some of the other decant oil producers globally are experiencing and other needle coke producers are experiencing globally. I think that combination of higher oil prices at this point in time, as well as just the overall supply disruption, right?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

A number of the needle coke producers source their oil out of the Middle East, the Chinese and some of the Japanese producers. That disruption is gonna have an impact on the market as well. I would expect as we get into the second half of the year, you'll see, you know, a marked increase in needle coke prices on the merchant side, which again, being vertically integrated for us helps us out. And would expect that market to tighten up quite a bit. Thus far, we haven't seen huge moves. I think we've seen about a $175 or $200 increase in the Chinese market for needle coke. I think that's largely a reflection of people fulfilling already committed tons here early on.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Would certainly expect that market to move quite a bit in the back half of the year.

[Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan]

Great. Thanks for that. Coming to pricing, it's great to hear that momentum's moving in the right direction following the recent hikes. I know you don't wanna probably get into the detail of quarterly guidance on pricing, do you think 1Q could be, you know, a trough for the year? You know, when might we start to see it inflect at least directionally higher within your results?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Yeah. Thanks, Bennett. I'll give you directional commentary, won't get into specific levels, but I think we're pleased with where the price increase adoption is at this point in time, right? We're now one month out since we made the announcement of $600-$1,200 across various regions. We're seeing success in that in all the regions that we sell into. I will tell you that right now that there's limited volumes that will actually be delivered in the second quarter, and that's just the phasing of when we made the announcement, when our negotiations took place. Probably 90% of the volume that will be impacted by the price increase will happen in the second half of the year.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Wouldn't expect to have a big change in ASP in the second quarter, but would really see that start to materialize in the third and fourth quarter. Again, pleased with where that's at this point in time.

[Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan]

Great. Thank you for all the color. I'll get back in the queue.

[Operator]

Next question comes from Arun Viswanathan of RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Great. Thanks for taking my question. You guys are well. A few questions. I think I heard you say that your cash cost should be in a $3,600-$3,700 range. If I think about your average price in Q1, which was $3,900, you know, maybe I take the midpoint of what you've announced, $900, that would get you to $4,800. Is that the right way to think about maybe Q3, Q4 potential pricing? You know, given that, and would you be at that cash cost level?

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Maybe you could see kind of a, you know, a $1,000 per EBITDA per ton range, or maybe you can kinda just help us frame, you know, what the path to profitability is or, you know, and what that looks like, and maybe a timeline, maybe Q3 or Q4. Thanks.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Thanks, Arun. Let me try to add some clarity to that. You know, I think it's a fair proxy to take the midpoint of the range, 'cause again, that range is over all of the regions and the jurisdictions that we sell. Let me remind you, when we made the announcement of the price increase, we were approximately 80% committed, right? The 20% of the sales we have to go would be influenced or impacted by that price increase. Again, we're pleased with where those negotiations are and the uptake we're seeing from customers at those price levels. You can't just apply it to all the tons. You can only apply it to the incremental tons.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

What's really important about this is how it sets up the third quarter and the fourth quarter negotiations and the momentum. I mean, this is the first time we've seen in a number of years, quarters, any sort of positive price momentum on the electrode side. Really, that's a reflection of not only just market conditions, but better demand. We mentioned that you saw utilization rates in the U.S. ticked up over 80% last week. You know, I think there's concerns around supply security, just given some of the disruption in the transit markets and just overall geopolitical elements that are going on in the world, as well as the cost pressures that are front and center for everybody.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

This is really about positioning for that next major round of cost or price negotiations for customers as we head into 2027. Certainly anywhere that we can push pricing here in the back half of the year, we will.

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Okay, thanks for that. If I could just ask a follow-up. Obviously there is a lot of electrode production by Japanese producers and Koreans. Also, Korea is involved and there's a fair amount of electrode, needle coke production in that region. However, we know from, you know, following what's going on the chemical side, there's been massive disruptions and many of those facilities are down. Electrodes have suffered from weak pricing for a little while, and our explanation would be oversupply in the electrode market. Has the conflict potentially, could it result in maybe some permanent structural, a reduction of capacity especially in that region?

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Could that help kind of the long-term supply demand balance and pricing power that you expect in electrodes going forward? Thanks.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Yeah. I mean, it's hard to say what the conflict is gonna do, but I think certainly what it's gonna do to long-term supply and demand balance. I mean, I think it all depends on the extent and duration of the war and the impact. Certainly as you look at oil inventories globally coming way down and the continuation of the supply disruption, I would expect that you would certainly see, you know, a marked or meaningful impact in the second half of the year in terms of not only pricing, but potentially supply for those who are struggling to get needle coke and other raw materials that are important to produce electrodes.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

It'll be yet to be seen what it looks like globally for the long term. Certainly, you know, I think there'll be some disruption in the back half of the year. Again, I think that's why we like our position where we've maintained Seadrift as a meaningful part of our portfolio and the vertical integration that it provides our operations and what we can offer customers from a surety of supply perspective.

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Okay. Then just lastly, maybe you can comment on your expected success on these price increases. Is it? Do you feel like competitors are in the same boat and are using this as an opportunity to. Are they acting rationally or, you know, is there oversupply and would they use this opportunity more as an opportunity to reclaim share? I know you guys have been on a, you know, year, multi-year share recovery journey. Where are you on that as well, and do you foresee any headwinds in recovering that share now with increased competitive activity or not? Thanks.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Yeah. Thanks, Arun. You know, I don't think I can comment or will comment on how other companies or competitors are thinking about their pricing strategies. You know, what I would say is, you know, there have been tenders in the market since we've announced the price increase. And we find those tenders in all of the regions and we have won more of those tenders than we've lost at this point in time, which would suggest that customers are acknowledging either the value proposition that we're delivering or the essential nature of electrodes to their operations and are willing to pay a higher price to ensure that they get that.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

You know, if there are people out there looking at this as a volume player or share grab, you know, I think we're still having success on what we're seeing from a tender perspective. That's what gives us the positive, you know, viewpoint and outlook as we head into the back half of the year and start negotiations again, which are a few months out. You know, that's probably what I'd say there. I think just for reference, right? If we think about history here, you know, if I'm a steel producer, if we looked over the last 20 years, electrodes represent roughly 1.1% of the selling price of finished steel. Today, that sits at 0.74%.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

If we took where finished steel is right now, whether it's in the U.S. or the EU, you know, pricing should be somewhere in the neighborhood of $7,000 a ton. There certainly is a disconnect in the market, and I think the market participants understand that and see that, and that's why we're having some success on the price increase.

[Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets]

Got it. Thanks a lot.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Abe Landa of Bank of America. Your line is open.

[Abe Landa, Analyst at Bank of America]

Good morning. Maybe just focusing again on this Middle East conflict, potential exposure, et cetera. Just kind of breaking out more the direct and indirect exposure within the cash cost. I think you broke out decant 25%. That's helpful, we don't have to explore that. Maybe between energy, logistics, maybe some other indirect exposure, or direct exposure. I guess all that potential exposure, what is fixed? Obviously, it sounds like energy is fixed. What is potentially variable?

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Yeah. Thanks, Abe. I would say beyond decant oil, of course, energy, electricity, natural gas are probably the next biggest chunk. I mentioned when Bennett chimed in about the fixed price contracts we have in place for most of our consumption for the rest of the year in Europe. Not a lot of direct exposure there. As far as natural gas goes, same thing in Europe. We have the same type of strategy around that. Between decant oil and the electricity, that's a big, big chunk of our variable costs. From a fixed standpoint, there's a small amount of things that are exposed to, like, the disruption in that market or the market shock of some of that pricing.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

We're pretty comfortable that we have operational strategies, production scheduling tactics, and things like that to take advantage of some of the rates that are available to us in other jurisdictions as far as, you know, time of consumption, extent of consumption, congestion credits, things like that. I would say that focusing on the energy costs and our strategies around that, as well as the comments I made earlier on our risk mitigation and our estimates around exposure to the oil markets, that covers the majority of that direct or indirect exposure to the impacts of the conflict.

[Abe Landa, Analyst at Bank of America]

That's very helpful. I know decant is 25%. Do you have, like, a similar number for electricity, nat gas? Like, kind of like those other elements.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Those two together are about 15, 10%-15%.

[Abe Landa, Analyst at Bank of America]

Very helpful. Kind of continuing on this Middle East conflict theme, I guess within the Middle East, like, I mean, we've seen stories of, like, you know, steelmaking being disrupted in that region. I mean, are you seeing that kind of reduced demand for electrodes in that market? I know it's a pretty popular market for imports of Chinese, Indian graphite electrodes. Are you seeing disruptions within the Middle East market? Are you seeing any potential spillover to other markets just related to the conflict?

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Yeah. I think certainly steel production in that region as well as the accessibility of that region, you know, most of the product that we would sell into the Middle East would go via vessels. The availability of vessels, and the cost and the access to that is pretty limited right now. You know, from our perspective, you know, we're not moving a lot of volume into the Middle East right now. It's not a big market for us, relative to the U.S., the European market, as well as Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Yeah, not a lot of volume going into that region and certainly seeing a disruption.

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Maybe that presents some opportunity, when and if, you know, the conflict gets resolved and there's some inventory rebuild that needs to take place. In terms of spillover into other regions, no. I think there's probably been some modest opportunities in Europe for volumes that were otherwise coming out of the Asian market that either because of extended transit times or just supply disruptions as a whole, maybe we've been able to pick up some spot volumes in Europe as a result of that.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Kirk Ludtke of Imperial Capital, LLC. Your line is open.

[Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC]

Hello, Timothy, Rory, Mike. Thanks for the call. Just a couple follow-ups. With respect to the. You provided a rule of thumb pricing to liquidity. I think it was $100 a metric ton to $12 million of liquidity. What would be? Is there a? Can you put that in terms of EBITDA instead of liquidity?

[Rory O'Donnell, CFO at GrafTech]

Yeah. I consider that the EBITDA impact. It would flow through. If you're talking, with our volume growth that we've guided to, it puts you kind of in that 115, 120 range for the year. That's where the $12 million comes from. $100 times 120 is $12 million of EBITDA.

[Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC]

Okay, great. Thank you. You mentioned, some steel makers are shortening supply lines. Can you maybe elaborate on that? You know, is that in anticipation of higher pricing due to these, some of these trade actions, or is that actually, concerns about the ability to deliver?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Yeah. I think there's a few things going on in the market. You know, first and foremost, transit times, again, have extended by a couple weeks out of Asia into Europe. And that's, you know, providing some opportunity. I think the uncertainty of the market, the markets as a whole have maybe started to have some steel makers thinking more regionally and trying to buy closer and managing less complex or less involved supply chains. You know, I think both of those are having an impact. I also think we're seeing a little bit of maybe a wait and see game from some steel producers trying to defer purchases.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

They're consuming down some of their inventory, thinking that, you know, they'll have an opportunity to buy in a more favorable market condition later in the year, which again, I think becomes a bit of a dangerous game just given the lead time that's needed to build electrodes and some of the demand we're seeing in other regions. Overall, you know, I think, you know, market conditions, we're seeing some demand pick up, and pretty pleased with where we're sitting right now.

[Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC]

Great. Thank you. Lastly, the trade action in front of the ITC seems to be moving in the right direction. Can you maybe talk about the potential timing of that and if you think it'll come in time for the 2027 price negotiations?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

You know, that large diameter, so again, it covers imports into the U.S. against the Chinese and the Indians of anything greater than 425 millimeters or 16.5 inches. It's through the initial ITC. It's on to Commerce. Commerce will do their investigation. We would expect that the countervailing duties ruling could be implied or applied no later than the end of July. As we look at the anti-dumping, which is certainly the larger of the two, would come in mid-September.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Both of those would be in advance of kind of the bulk of the negotiations that'll take place in the back half of the year and certainly will have an impact on those negotiations. Just for reference, I think the preliminary margin impact or ask on those was 74% against Indian imports and then 147% against Chinese imports.

[Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC]

Got it. Those two are, what, 20% of the U.S. market?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Roughly, yeah.

[Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC]

Awesome. I appreciate it. Thank you.

[Operator]

Our next question is a follow-up from Bennett Moore of JPMorgan.

[Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan]

Thanks for taking my follow-up. I wanted to stick with the theme of the trade policy here, and guess I'm wondering kind of the scenarios you think could play out for negotiations later this year, assuming success on the trade case. Do you view this more as like a market share gain opportunity from the India imports or really more of a price action opportunity? Then maybe if you could also just touch on opportunities in other markets. I think you guys have initiated something down in Brazil, but what about Mexico and elsewhere?

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Yeah. Thanks. I think let's start in the U.S. You know, certainly it's both a volume opportunity, you know, because I think it does impact the desire and the willingness to import those tons. More importantly, it's a price impact for the broader U.S. market, which, you know, certainly is supportive and I think is just another thing that's changing the momentum and the trajectory of the market as we sit here today. You know, I think we've long advocated, whether it's the U.S. or any of the jurisdictions that we have operations in for fair trade and supporting, you know, the operations that we have.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

You know, I think there's actions going on in Brazil that, you know, I think are taking shape, that we'll see some output here on later this year. I continue to advocate for fair trade across the board, as well as, you know, supporting the ECGA's efforts, you know, in terms of the campaign they have going on right now about supporting the domestic graphite industry in Europe, as well as, you know, supporting the broader steel initiatives in Europe. You know, one thing that's probably worth spending a second on, is, you know, what's going on in the broader critical minerals front.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

You know, we're taking action on the trade front in the U.S. because that's, you know, closest to where we're at right now. Certainly as the U.S. continues to develop and partners with the EU and the other trading block countries around critical minerals and thinking about how they kinda decouple or break the ties to China in particular, you know, I think that could have a significant impact on the way people think about graphite electrode pricing and anode material pricing, again, both which are supportive to our business both as we think about the electrodes as well as, you know, the value of the needle coke operation we have down in Seadrift.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

That's an area that we're spending a lot of time as well on, ensuring that people understand the essential nature of electrodes and the role that electrodes play in the steel production process and how that translates into economic security and national security. The same on the anode side, right? The only way you can start a new supply chain in this environment is to have some sort of price support. You know, I think, you know, as we look out, you know, it seems to make a lot of sense from an overall governmental policy perspective to have a broader trade protection beyond even what's going on with the ITC.

[Operator]

Thank you. That concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the conference back over to Timothy Flanagan, CEO, for closing remarks.

[Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech]

Thank you, JL. I'd like to thank everyone on this call for your interest in GrafTech, and we look forward to speaking with you next quarter. Have a great day.

[Operator]

That concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Rory O'Donnell, CFO

Analysts

• Abe Landa, Analyst at Bank of America
• Arun Viswanathan, Analyst at RBC Capital Markets
• Bennett Moore, Analyst at JPMorgan
• Kirk Ludtke, Analyst at Imperial Capital, LLC
• Mike Dillon, VP of Investor Relations and Treasurer at GrafTech
• Timothy Flanagan, CEO at GrafTech