Biofrontera Q1 2026 Earnings Report

Biofrontera EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.41
• Consensus EPS: -$0.12
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.30
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Biofrontera Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $10.08 million
• Expected Revenue: $10.25 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$166.00 thousand
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Biofrontera Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2026
• Date: 5/14/2026
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, May 14, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 11:00AM ET

Biofrontera (NASDAQ:BFRI) AG is a specialty biopharmaceutical company focused on the research, development and commercialization of products for dermatological applications. The company’s core expertise lies in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment modality that uses a photosensitizing agent activated by a specific light source to target diseased skin cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.

The flagship product in Biofrontera’s portfolio is Ameluz (aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride 10 % gel), which has received marketing approval in the European Union for treatment of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma, and in the United States for actinic keratosis. Ameluz is used in combination with the BF-RhodoLED® lamp, a medical device designed to emit the precise wavelength of red light required to activate the gel. This integrated pharmaceutical–device approach underpins the company’s position in the PDT market.

Founded in 1997 and headquartered in Leverkusen, Germany, Biofrontera maintains operations in multiple geographies, including a U.S. subsidiary established to support commercialization efforts in North America. Beyond its approved indications, the company is exploring additional dermatological uses for its photodynamic platform and is engaged in discussions with regulatory authorities and commercial partners to expand its presence in key markets such as Canada, Turkey and beyond.

Biofrontera’s management team brings together expertise in dermatology, pharmaceutical development and medical device manufacturing. The company continues to invest in its pipeline, seeking to leverage its PDT technology for new indications and to forge strategic partnerships that will broaden access to its therapies worldwide.

Biofrontera Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Biofrontera reported Q1 2026 product revenue of $10.1 million, up 17% year over year, driven by a 16% increase in Ameluz tube volume and a price increase implemented in late 2025.
• Positive Sentiment: The new post-transaction cost structure materially improved profitability, with gross margin expanding to about 80% from 62% a year ago and management saying the company is tracking toward its 80%-85% long-term target.
• Positive Sentiment: Cash used in operations was just $70,000 in the quarter, a sharp improvement from $4.1 million in Q1 2025, which management said supports its path to cash flow breakeven this year.
• Positive Sentiment: The clinical/regulatory pipeline advanced on multiple fronts, including FDA acceptance of the supplemental NDA for superficial basal cell carcinoma with a PDUFA date of September 28, 2026, and positive phase III data for AK on the neck, trunk, and extremities supporting a planned sNDA filing in Q3 2026.
• Neutral Sentiment: Management also highlighted encouraging phase II acne data and said it expects to discuss a potential phase III program with the FDA later in 2026, while noting ongoing tariff and supply-chain monitoring because all products are imported from Europe.

Presentation

[Operator]

Please note this event is being recorded. I would like to turn the conference over to Ben Shamsian, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

[Ben Shamsian, VP Investor Relations at Lytham Partners]

Good morning, and welcome to Biofrontera Inc.'s first quarter 2026 financial results and business update conference call. Please note that certain information discussed during today's call by management is covered under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. We caution listeners that Biofrontera's management will be making forward-looking statements and that actual results may differ materially from those stated or implied by these forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with the company's business. All risks and uncertainties are detailed in and are qualified by the cautionary statements contained in Biofrontera's press releases and SEC filings, including the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, and the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

[Ben Shamsian, VP Investor Relations at Lytham Partners]

This conference call contains time-sensitive information that is accurate only as of the date of this live broadcast. Biofrontera undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this conference call, except as required by law. During today's call, there will be references to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Biofrontera believes these measures provide useful information for investors, yet should not be considered as a substitute for GAAP, nor should they be viewed as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP results is included in the press release issued today and is available on the company's website at www.biofrontera-us.com under the Investor Relations section.

[Ben Shamsian, VP Investor Relations at Lytham Partners]

Please note management will be referencing adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure defined as net income or loss excluding interest income and expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and certain other non-recurring or non-cash items, including changes in fair value of warrant liabilities and stock-based compensation. With that said, I would like to now turn the call over to Hermann Luebbert, CEO, Chairman, and founder of Biofrontera. Hermann.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

Thank you, Ben. Thank you to everyone joining us this morning. The first quarter of 2026 was strong across our key metrics. We delivered product revenues of $10.1 million, an increase of approximately 17% compared to $8.6 million in the first quarter of 2025. This marks the first full quarter reflecting our new cost structure following the strategic transaction with Biofrontera AG. The results demonstrate that our business model transformation is delivered as planned. These results further demonstrate the strength of our commercial execution and the growing adoption of Ameluz PDT across the dermatology community. George Jones, our CCO, will follow up about this in more detail.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

As a reminder, the strategic transaction, which closed in October 2025, gave Biofrontera Inc full ownership and control of all U.S. rights, approvals, and patents for Ameluz and RhodoLED, including the New Drug Application, the Investigational New Drug Application, all manufacturing rights and contracts, and all intellectual property. The FDA formally transferred the NDA and IND to us in December 2025. Under the new earnout structure, we pay 12% of net sales when annual U.S. Ameluz revenues are at or below $65 million and 15% when they exceed that threshold. This replaced a transfer pricing model that previously was 25%-35% of revenue. The impact of this is clearly visible in our Q1 results.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

Our gross margin expanded to approximately 80% compared to approximately 62% in the prior year quarter. Our cash used in operations was near zero at just $70,000, a dramatic improvement from $4.1 million used in operations in Q1 2025 and sets the path for cash flow break-even this year. Fred Leffler, our CFO, will provide more detail on the financial performance in a few moments. Let me now turn to the significant clinical and regulatory progress we have made during and since the first quarter. First, in superficial basal cell carcinoma. In February 2026, we announced that the FDA completed its filing review and accepted our supplemental New Drug Application for Ameluz PDT for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. The PDUFA target action date is September 28, 2026.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

If approved, Ameluz would be the first PDT drug approved to treat a cancer in the U.S., representing a significant additional commercial opportunity for our platform and providing a significant advantage to what our direct competitor can do. Second, in actinic keratosis on the extremities, neck, and trunk. In February 2026, we announced positive and statistically significant top-line results from our phase III clinical trial. The study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating highly statistically significant superiority for Ameluz versus vehicle gel. Additionally, we announced the database lock of the phase I pharmacokinetics study required for our FDA filing. Combined, these data support our plan to file a supplemental NDA in the third quarter of 2026 to expand the Ameluz label for the treatment of AK beyond the face and scalp on a treatment field of up to 240 sq cm.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

With approximately 58 million American adults having at least one AK lesion, treating extensive fields on the extremities, neck, and trunk represents a very large addressable market for our installed base of RhodoLED lamps. Third, in moderate to severe acne vulgaris. In March 2026, we announced the results of our Phase II study with Ameluz PDT. The three-hour incubation protocol demonstrated a 58% reduction in inflammatory lesions with Ameluz compared to 37% with vehicle gel in the per-protocol population. Patient satisfaction was very high, with 86% of patients stating they would choose PDT treatment again. Based on this data, we plan to discuss the design of future Phase III program with the FDA in the second half of 2026.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

Acne vulgaris is a chronic condition affecting millions of adults and adolescents, and we believe Ameluz PDT has the potential to offer a differentiated treatment option for the moderate to severe form of the disease. On the corporate front, I am pleased to report that on May 6, 2026, we received written notification from Nasdaq confirming that the company has regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The closing bid price of our common stock was at or above $1 per share for the required 10 consecutive business days. Finally, I want to note that we continue to monitor the evolving global trade environment, including recently imposed tariffs on imports from certain countries. As all products are exclusively imported from Europe, we are routinely assessing the potential impact on our supply chain, product cost, and pricing strategy.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

I would now like to turn the call over to George Jones, our Chief Commercial Officer, to provide a more detailed update on our commercial execution. George?

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

Thank you, Hermann, and good morning, everybody. I'm pleased to walk you through our commercial progress for the first quarter of 2026. As Hermann noted, we delivered product revenues of $10.1 million, an increase of approximately 17% year-over-year. The revenue increase was primarily driven by approximately 16% growth in Ameluz unit volume as well as a price increase that we implemented in the fourth quarter of 2025. Looking at the Ameluz unit volume growth, Ameluz unit volumes for the first quarter of 2026 increased from approximately 25,000 tubes in Q1 2025 to approximately 29,000 tubes of Ameluz in Q1 2026, translating to an approximately 16% year-over-year growth. This follows our record sales in Q4. This continued volume momentum reflects the impact of the executional improvements we have implemented and the growing adoption of Ameluz PDT.

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

Turning to lamps, the RhodoLED lamp placements. During Q1 of 2026, we shipped approximately 32 lamps, increasing our installed base to approximately 773 lamps across 709 dermatology offices as of March 31st, 2026. When we look at our sales force execution, our focused commercial strategy is delivering the momentum we're seeing. The strategy is centered on increased accountability across our commercial organization, refined customer segmentation, and data-driven targeting assisted by AI. We continue to focus on increased in-person sales activity because we know this drives the highest impact with our customers. We also saw the benefits of lower sales force turnover in Q1 2026 versus Q1 2025. As our newer reps have been able to get to know their customers and their territories, they're better able to drive results.

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

I also wanted to follow up on something we discussed during our last call. In Q4 2025, we launched an inside sales pilot to cover vacant territories, white space, and smaller accounts. I'm excited to share that in Q1, we've begun the full rollout of this program, and it's already started to deliver results for us. The growing installed lamp base, lower sales force turnover, expanded customer adoption, along with the potential for expanded uses for Ameluz with the near-term label expansion in SBCC and AK in the trunk and extremities. As well as the advancement of the acne program give us multiple vectors for continued growth and tailwinds for our business. I look forward to updating you on our progress in coming quarters. With that, I'll turn the call over to Fred Leffler, our Chief Financial Officer, to walk through the financial results. Fred?

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Thank you, George. Good morning, everyone. I'll walk through our financial results for the first quarter ended March 31st, 2026. All comparisons are to the prior year period, unless otherwise noted. A full reconciliation of our GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in the press release we issued earlier today and also available on our website. Starting with first quarter 2026 results. Revenues for the first quarter were approximately $10.1 million, compared with approximately $8.6 million in the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 17%. The increase was primarily driven by the 16% growth in Ameluz unit volume and the impact of the price increase we implemented in the fourth quarter of 2025, which contributed about $0.2 million in additional revenue.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

This was the first full quarter reflecting our new cost structure under the strategic transaction mentioned earlier, and our cost of revenues decreased by approximately 40% year-over-year from $3.1 million to $1.8 million. Under the new earn-out agreement, our cost of revenue as a percentage of product revenue declined significantly compared to the 25% transfer price that was in effect during Q1 of 2025. During the quarter, we recognized $1.2 million of earn-out expense under this new agreement. As a result, our gross profit on product sales improved significantly with a gross margin of approximately 80% compared with 62% in the first quarter of 2025, an improvement of 18%.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

This is consistent with our expected annualized benefit of the new cost structure that will be reflected throughout 2026 and is tracking towards our longer term gross margin target of 80%-85%. Total operating expenses for the first quarter of 2026 were $14.4 million compared with $13.1 million in the first quarter of 2025. Excluding cost of revenues, operating expenses were $12.3 million compared to $9.9 million in the prior year. Operating expenses for the quarter include a $0.4 million patent remediation expense, which I will discuss further when I get to operating loss.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Selling general and administrative expenses were $11.0 million for the first quarter of 2026, compared with $8.7 million in the prior year quarter, an increase of $2.3 million or about 27%. I'll walk through and highlight the key components. Selling and marketing expenses increased about $0.8 million, reflecting the full deployment of our direct sales team and higher sales activity levels, including sales meetings, conferences, and exhibits. General and administrative expenses increased about $0.8 million as well, primarily driven by legal expenses associated with ongoing patent-related claims. Additionally, in connection with the strategic transaction, we assumed responsibility for the manufacturing operations in the fourth quarter of 2025.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Because we are in the process of securing approvals and licenses to commence manufacturing later in 2026, these manufacturing-related costs of $0.6 million were reflected in SG&A during this quarter. Research and development expenses decreased $0.3 million to $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2026, down from $1.2 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease was primarily attributable to certain clinical trials reaching substantial completion during the quarter. During the quarter, we invested in our AK, acne, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and lamp development programs. Operating loss for the first quarter of 2026 was $4.3 million, compared with a loss of $4.5 million in the first quarter of 2025.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

The quarter included the $0.4 million of patent remediation expense, which we exclude because they relate to discrete adverse legal and regulatory matters that are not indicative of the company's ongoing operating performance. Excluding this expense, our underlying operating loss for the first quarter of 2026 would have been approximately $3.9 million and an improvement of $0.7 million, driven by a $2.7 million increase in gross profit and partially offset by a $2.3 million increase in SG&A. Net loss for the first quarter of 2026 was $4.8 million or $0.41 per share, compared with a net loss of $4.2 million or $0.47 per share in the prior year quarter.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

The net loss comparison was impacted by two non-recurring items, the patent remediation I just discussed and a $0.8 million swing in the non-cash change in the fair value of warrant liabilities. A $0.5 million gain in Q1 of 2025 compared to a $0.2 million loss in Q1 of 2026. Adjusting for these items, the underlying improvement is reflected in our adjusted EBITDA, which I'll turn to now. Turning to adjusted EBITDA, our non-GAAP measure, the first quarter was -$3.6 million compared with -$4.4 million in the prior year quarter, an improvement of approximately $0.8 million. Our adjusted EBITDA margin improved to -35% from -51% in the prior year.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

The improvement was primarily driven by the $2.7 million increase in gross profit, offset by the $2.3 million increase in SG&A. As a reminder, adjusted EBITDA excludes interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, certain other non-recurring or non-cash items, including changes in fair value of warrant liabilities, stock-based comp, and the patent remediation expense and inventory write-down recognized during the quarter. A full reconciliation from GAAP net loss to adjusted EBITDA is included in the press release we filed earlier today and will be filed as part of our Form 10-Q. Turning to balance sheet and liquidity. As of March 31st, 2026, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6.3 million, compared with $6.4 million as of December 31st, 2025.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Cash used in operating activities for the first quarter was just $70,000, compared with $4.1 million in the prior year quarter. This near breakeven cash performance represents a dramatic improvement and reflects the combined impact of higher revenues, the significantly lower cost structure under the new [RhodoLED] agreement, and favorable working capital changes, including a $3.4 million collection of accounts receivable. As we have disclosed in our filings, the company has included a going concern qualification in its statements. While we have demonstrated meaningful progress towards cash flow breakeven, our current capital resources require us to continue expanding our commercial operations while controlling expenses.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

We plan to address this through continued Ameluz revenue growth, realization of the next milestone payment of $1 million from the XEPI divestiture that happened in 2025, and if necessary, securing a working capital line of credit or the like. With that overview of our financial results and business activities, we are now ready to take questions from our covering analysts. Operator.

[Operator]

Thank you, sir. Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star and 1 on your touchtone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then 2. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Our first question come from Jonathan Aschoff with ROTH Capital Partners. Please go ahead.

[Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

As to what you might know about off-label use, particularly.

[Operator]

Jonathan, I'm sorry, you were not audible. Can you start again, please? Thank you.

[Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Okay. Can you hear me now?

[Operator]

Yes.

[Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Good. Congrats on a nice quarter. Can you guys help me understand the extent to which there's off-label use into probably the least risky is AK, you know, in the extremities? Do you have any decent sense as to Ameluz's use outside of what's on label?

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

There's certainly some off-label use. However, since some payers are quite sensitive to that and refuse to reimburse the doctors when they do this, doctors are usually hesitant doing off-label use. While we don't have access to any clear numbers, we don't expect that the current off-label use outside AK on the face and scalp, at least in the AK business is small.

[Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Okay. Can you give us a sense of, you know, what kind of directions the acne, the subsequent clinical development in acne could go? I mean, are you definitely, expecting to already be teed up for a Phase III trial, or do you think you could actually have to do some Phase II development again?

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

That's difficult to say, because it needs to be discussed with the FDA. I don't think we need Phase II again. I think we got the information we need to go into Phase III. There have been quite a number of learnings. The clinical results are well in line with the best other topical products that are out there. We think unless the FDA has a different idea, we could go straight into Phase III.

[Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Okay. Thanks, guys.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Jonathan, I just wanted to add that, you know, while we've heard of some off-label use, we market and ensure that everyone at Biofrontera, you know, markets the product on label and doesn't encourage anything that's outside of the label.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question come from Bruce Jackson with StoneX. Please go ahead.

[Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX]

Hi, good morning. Looking at the supplemental NDA for the superficial BCC, I believe you've got a PDUFA date of September 28th. If you do get the approval, are you ready to launch like the next day or is there any other additional preparation activity that needs to take place before you can go out and start marketing aggressively?

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

I could take that, Hermann. This is George.

[Operator]

I'm sorry to interrupt you, sir. Your voice is breaking. Can you check, please? Thank you.

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

Can you hear me?

[Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX]

Yes.

[Operator]

Yes.

[George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer at Biofrontera]

Okay, perfect. There is no additional work or preparation that has to be done. We're actively preparing for the launch of that indication right now. We're gonna start some initial rollout with our medical team and some light rollout from our commercial team in Q4, really accelerating into the launch into Q1 of next year. We're ready to go and starting right after the approval.

[Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX]

Okay, got it. A question about the SGA expenses. Freddy did a nice job of kind of breaking that out. Is this kind of the run rate we should be looking at for the remainder of the year or were there any other types of sort of one-time things embedded in there that might roll off?

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

No. Well, as, you know, we've discussed before, there is a bit of seasonality to our business. Like the cash use in operations will most likely dip negative in Q3 and into Q4 unless, you know, we blow it out of the water, and then be positive in Q5 or Q4. Altogether we're still expecting to hit cash flow breakeven. That said, you know, the run rate that I did mention is we don't expect anything to drastically move off of that.

[Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX]

Okay. Okay. Last question on gross margins. It's nice to see the new agreements having some impact on the year-over-year improvement. How does this unfold for the remainder of the year as you try to get closer to your new target?

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Well, I think that, you know, we're in the range and we will continue to look at the GPOs. We will continue to look at our discounting and, you know, manage that and 'cause our goal, and I think it's very achievable, is to stay within the 80%-85%. That can shift around because of those and the mix of Ameluz and RhodoLED sales as they develop throughout the year. It's something we'll look at. It's very manageable and we expect to, you know, easily stay in those, within that range.

[Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX]

Okay. All right, that's it for me. Thank you.

[Fred Leffler, CFO at Biofrontera]

Thank you.

[Operator]

All right. It appears we have no further question at this time. I would like to return the program to management for the closing remarks. Over to you, team.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

Thank you, Abhay. Thank you to everyone who joined us today. Let me leave you with a few key takeaways. The first is that our Q1 2026 demonstrates the full impact of our transformed business model. Revenue grew 17% year-over-year, gross margin expanded to approximately 80%, our cash consumption was near zero, validating the strategic transaction and giving us confidence in our path to sustain profitability. Second, our clinical pipeline continues to deliver results at an accelerated pace. We have a PDUFA date for SBCC in September 2026, positive Phase III results for AK on neck, trunk, and extremities that position us for an sNDA filing in Q3, encouraging Phase II data in acne that we will discuss with the FDA later this year.

[Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman at Biofrontera]

Looking further ahead, we have planned studies in squamous cell carcinoma in situ and reduced pain PDT. Biofrontera is the only company in the U.S. actively running FDA-controlled clinical studies in PDT for dermatology, and our patent protection extends through 2043. Finally, the combination of revenue growth, the full benefit of our new cost structure, and disciplined expense management is driving meaningful improvement in our financial trajectory. We remain focused on our goal of reaching cash flow breakeven and building long-term value for our shareholders. I want to thank our entire team for their dedication and hard work. I also want to thank our shareholders, the healthcare professionals who use our products, and most importantly, the patients whose lives we are helping to improve in their fight against skin disease. Thank you for your continued support. Have a wonderful day.

[Operator]

Thank you, sir. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Fred Leffler, CFO
• George Jones, Chief Commercial Officer
• Hermann Luebbert, CEO and Chairman

Analysts

• Ben Shamsian, VP Investor Relations at Lytham Partners
• Bruce Jackson, Analyst at StoneX
• Jonathan Aschoff, Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners