As of the most recent reporting period, the following institutional investors, funds, and major shareholders have reported short positions of Shopify: SG Americas Securities LLC, Twin Tree Management LP, Game Plan Financial Advisors LLC, SteelPeak Wealth LLC, CTC LLC, Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Parallax Volatility Advisers L.P., Millennium Management LLC, CMT Capital Markets Trading GmbH, Capital Markets Trading UK LLP, Cubist Systematic Strategies LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, Nomura Holdings Inc., Twin Tree Management LP, Susquehanna International Group LLP, HAP Trading LLC, Eisler Capital Management Ltd., PEAK6 LLC, Torno Capital LLC, Jane Street Group LLC, Walleye Trading LLC, Walleye Capital LLC, Capital Fund Management S.A., Maven Securities LTD, Arrowpoint Investment Partners Singapore Pte. Ltd., HighTower Advisors LLC, JPMorgan Chase & Co., and National Bank of Canada FI. These positions are disclosed in Form 13F filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.