Dorian LPG Q2 2025 Earnings Report

Dorian LPG EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.35
• Consensus EPS: $0.52
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.17
• One Year Ago EPS: $1.85

Dorian LPG Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $82.40 million
• Expected Revenue: $82.40 million
• Beat/Miss: Met Expectations
• YoY Revenue Growth: -43.10%

Dorian LPG Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q2 2025
• Date: 10/31/2024
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, October 31, 2024
• Conference Call Time: 10:00AM ET

Dorian LPG (NYSE:LPG) (NYSE: LPG) is a maritime transportation company that owns and operates very large gas carriers (VLGCs). The company primarily transports liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), including propane and butane, for energy producers, commodity traders and other customers in international markets.

Dorian LPG’s fleet is designed for the ocean transportation of LPG between major exporting and importing regions. Its vessels support global trade routes linking LPG-producing areas, including the United States and the Middle East, with demand centers in Asia, Europe and other regions. The company also provides vessel management and related commercial and technical services.

Founded in 2013, Dorian LPG is headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, and is incorporated in the Marshall Islands. John Hadjipateras, a co-founder of the company, serves as chairman and chief executive officer.

Dorian LPG Q2 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Under its capital allocation policy, Dorian LPG has returned over $820 million to shareholders since its IPO, including a recently declared irregular dividend of $1 per share.
• For Q2 2025, the company reported EBITDA of $46.2 million, net income of $9.4 million and maintained a strong balance sheet with net debt to total capitalization of approximately 14%.
• The VLGC freight market saw early‐quarter strength followed by softening due to weather disruptions and temporary tonnage surplus, but management is optimistic ahead of a seasonally strong winter and expected canal congestion.
• The Helios LPG pool, with about 80% spot exposure, generated a spot TCE of $38,019 per day in Q2 and has fixed over 60% of available days in Q3 at rates above $40,000 per day.
• Dorian LPG is advancing its decarbonization initiatives with 15 scrubber‐fitted vessels (Q3 savings of $2.17 million), three ammonia‐capable ships in operation and plans for carbon capture and wind‐assisted propulsion retrofits.

Presentation

[Operator]

Hello and welcome to the Dorian LPG 2nd Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. Additionally, a live audio webcast of today's conference call is available on Dorian LPG's website, which is www.dorianlpg.com. I would now like to turn the conference over to Ted Young, Chief Financial Officer. Thank you, Mr. Young. Please go ahead.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thank you, Nikki. Good morning, and thank you all for joining us for our 2nd Quarter 2025 Results Conference Call. With me today are John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President, and CEO of Dorian LPG Ltd, John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition, and Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer. As a reminder, this conference call, webcast, and a replay of this call will be available through November 7th, 2024. Many of our remarks today contain forward-looking statements based on current expectations. These statements may often be identified with words such as expect, anticipate, believe, or similar indications of future expectations. Though we believe that such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that any forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors, as well as general economic conditions.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions or estimates prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those we express today. Additionally, let me refer you to our unaudited results for the period ended September 30th, 2024, that were filed this morning on Form 10-Q. In addition, please refer to our previous filings on Form 10-K, where you'll find risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. With that, I'll turn over the call to John Hadjipateras.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Good morning and happy Halloween. Thank you for joining us. Our board continues to be committed to returning value to our shareholders while retaining commercial flexibility, ensuring a strong balance sheet, and the ability to invest in optimization and decarbonization initiatives. This is reflected in our capital allocation policy, under which, after paying out our recently declared dividend of $1 per share, we will have returned over $820 million to our shareholders since our IPO. We had a solid quarter despite a free market, which felt the brunt of weather-related disruptions on LPG exports. For the quarter ending September 31st, our EBITDA was $46.2 million, and net income was $9.4 million. Our net debt to total capitalization remains at about 14%. We feel well-positioned to take advantage of opportunities for investments. Ted will give you details and answers to any questions you may have on our quarter's financial results.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

The VLGC freight rates started the quarter on a high note, but this initial strength was followed by a period of softening through mid-quarter. Despite a very healthy arbitrage between U.S. and Asian LPG prices, the VLGC freight market was hit with an unusual combination of forces that created temporary length in the market and weighed on rates. Tim will provide you greater details in his comments. We're optimistic about near and midterm market prospects ahead of a seasonally strong winter period. Recent volatility illustrates that the market is near equilibrium, where disruptions cause sharp and up-and-down moves.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

In the short term, the canal is likely to gain more traffic from container and LNG ships in the coming months, and an example of a midterm positive is terminal expansion projects, the first of which is slated to finish in the 2nd half of 2026 and subsequent two years, will provide ample capacity to accommodate production and export growth. The Helios LPG Pool is performing well, and our mix of Scrubber LPG, Dual Fuel, and Panamax VLGCs allows us to take advantage of favorable fuel prices and to offer commercial flexibility to our customers. We have one VLGC VLAC delivering in 2026 and will retrofit some of our existing ships to be able to carry ammonia. We already have the Captain John NP on the water, which is fully ammonia-capable.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Our feeling is that the current order book is sufficient, and further ordering needs to be restrained until the green ammonia trade develops. We're pleased to announce the addition of an eighth board member, Mr. Mark Ross, earlier this year stepped down from his position as President of Chevron Shipping after nine years in that role and 34 years at Chevron. Mark's knowledge of the global energy and shipping markets will contribute a valuable perspective, and we're proud to welcome him to the Dorian team. As always, I acknowledge our dedicated seafarers and shoreside staff whose hard work and dedication make our results possible. And now I'd like to hand over to Ted.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thanks. My comments today will focus on capital allocation, our financial position and liquidity, and our unaudited 2nd quarter results. At September 30th, 2024, we reported $348.6 million of free cash, which was virtually flat from the previous quarter. Cash flow for the quarter reflected the $42.8 million irregular dividend, which implies cash flow to equity of $44 million. As disclosed last week, we will pay another $1 per share as an irregular dividend, roughly $43 million in total, on or about November 25, 2024, to shareholders of record as of November 5th. The debt balance at quarter-end of $583.7 million. Our debt-to-total book capitalization stood at 34.9%, and with our strong cash balance, net debt-to-total cap at 13.4%. With well-structured and attractively priced debt capital, our current all-in debt cost, by the way, is about 4.7%.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

An undrawn $50 million revolver and one debt-free vessel, coupled with our strong free cash balance. We have a comfortable measure of financial flexibility. We expect our cash cost per day for the remainder of the coming year to be approximately $26,000 per day, excluding capital expenditures for dry docking and scrubbers. For the discussion of our 2nd quarter results, you may find it useful to refer to the investor highlight slides posted this morning on our website. I'd also remind you that my remarks will include a number of terms such as TCE, available days, and adjusted EBITDA. Please refer to our filings for the definitions of those terms. I'd also like to point out that we have slightly amended our disclosures around fleet employment. Specifically, we've amended our definition of available days to reflect unscheduled off-hire, which was formerly picked up in the calculation of operating days.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

We now define available days as calendar days minus scheduled and unscheduled off-hire. This approach is consistent with how the Helios Pool reports and is more consistent with industry practice. We will no longer report operating days. Turning to our 2nd quarter chartering results, we achieved TCE revenue per available day of about $37,000. Though sequentially lower than the prior quarter's results, the TCE still allowed us to generate over $40 million in free cash flow to equity for the quarter. As our entire spot trading program is conducted through the Helios Pool, its spot results that are reported are the best measure of our spot chartering performance. For the September 30th quarter, the Helios Pool earned a TCE of $38,019 per day for its spot and COA voyages.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

On page four of our investor highlights material, you can see that we have five Dorian vessels on time charter within the pool, plus one MOL Energia vessel, indicating spot exposure of about 80% for the 30 vessels in the pool. Turning to the quarter ending December 31st, 2024, we currently estimate that we have fixed just over 60% of the available days in the quarter at a TCE in excess of $40,000 per day. That rate includes both spot fixtures and time charters in the Helios Pool only. Given the difficulty in predicting loading dates, which obviously have a huge effect on revenue recognition, these port options in some charters, and the fact that our COAs are priced on average Baltic rates, the estimates we quote during these calls and the rates actually realized can vary.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Daily OpEx for the quarter was $9,767, excluding dry docking-related expenses, which was down meaningfully from the prior quarter's $10,618. Spares and stores and repairs and maintenance line items led to decrease. Our time charter equivalent spends for the vessels came in at $9.9 million, or slightly less than $29,000 per day. Thus, those vessels contributed nicely to our quarterly profits. Total G&A for the quarter was $16.5 million, and cash G&A, that's G&A excluding non-cash compensation expense, was $10.5 million. The $10.5 million included $4.1 million of cash bonuses that were paid during the quarter. Thus, our core G&A came in at $6.4 million, which is consistent with prior quarters and our general expectations. The high level of stock compensation expense was largely a function of the price on the grant date, not an increase in shares granted. As reported adjusted EBITDA was $46.2 million.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Cash interest expense for the quarter was $7.1 million, again reflecting the heavily hedged and fixed nature of our various pieces of debt and our all-in cost of debt of sub-4.7%. For the current fiscal year, we have completed three dry dockings and anticipate dry docking three more of our vessels, including some upgrades. Year-to-date, we have incurred roughly $5 million in cash outlays for dry docking, and we anticipate about $8 million through fiscal year end, which does include some payments for the dry docks already completed. Days in dry dock should be consistent with our disclosures. Although we currently hold a roughly 83% economic interest in Helios, we do not consolidate its P&L or balance sheet accounts, which has the effect of understating our cash and working capital.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thus, we believe it is useful to provide some additional insight in order to give a more complete picture. As of Wednesday, October 30th, 2024, the pool had roughly $22 million of cash on hand. The irregular dividend declared last week of $1 per share brings to $14.50 per share in irregular dividends that we have paid since September 2021. While many investors and analysts like to suggest that these dividends are no longer irregular, we underscore that they are indeed irregular and subject to a variety of factors that our board considers and always remains at its discretion. The VLGC rates are not regular, and thus we don't think our dividend policy should be either. Looking at our dividends in a more traditional context, our net income since June 30th, 2021, the quarter immediately prior to our first irregular dividend, has been approximately $612 million.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

While including the dividend to be paid later this or next month, we will have returned approximately $590 million of dividends. Note that that amount excludes the $230 million that we've returned through open market stock repurchases and the self-tender offer. So the $590 million compares favorably to the $612 million. In terms of cash flow to equity, that gap is much wider. Thus, overall, we believe that we maintain a responsible and prudent balance between reinvestment and dividend payouts. We continue to be on the lookout for fleet renewal opportunities and will continue to be judicious with our free cash flow, working to balance shareholder distributions, debt reduction, and fleet investment. With that, I'll pass it over to Tim Hansen.

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thank you, Ted, and good day, everyone. The quarter ending September 30th, 2024 saw a freight market challenged by external factors, complicating the product market and the shipping market alike. With Hurricane Beryl occurring shortly after the chiller repairs of various U.S. Gulf terminals, Tropical Storm Alberto, and the severe reduction of congestion of the Panama Canal that was seen in May and June, it was an unusual quarter. It showed a wide open arbitrage West to East, but little room for the freight market to capitalize. This was due to the lengths in vessels' availability and temporary limited export capacity. According to several brokers, July 2024 saw the lowest count of spot fixtures in the U.S. Gulf for many years. The West to East arbitrage was attractive, but Hurricane Beryl and continued chiller capacity issues at some terminals reduced the slot availability at the terminals for loading.

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

The short supply of spot FOB cargoes saw terminal fees increase dramatically, and resales of cargoes, FOBs, also saw large sums exchanged. Ultimately, almost 500,000 tons less export was seen in July, delaying the correction that the market wanted to see since June. August saw, however, a new record high for LPG export from the U.S. at about 6 million tons, going a long way to clearing the backlog of VLGCs that has been building since June. The high level of fixing activity helped push the freight market upwards, but levels were capped by the long position list and aggressive relet of tonnage. It was also relets in September that drove the U.S. to Far East VLGC market down to levels not seen since February 2024. The decisions made in September were mostly for October laycans.

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Like we saw in April 2024, it emerged that cargoes on similar VLGCs can be $35-$40 per metric ton apart, depending on time of fixing. It can only be speculated on what drove some dramatic decision-making in September for those discounting the freight market, but it can be noted that there was uncertainty about how Hurricane Francine would impact the terminals in Texas, and the Arab Gulf to Far East market was very weak at the time. Regarding the Arab Gulf, Far East market, it can be noted that for the entirety of the quarter, the focus of the spot market was inquiries by Indian public sector undertakings, PSUs, and while the activity was significant for the Indian trade, the data flows to the Far East made setting the freight market difficult.

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

At least for all of August and September, the East market traded at significant discounts to the West market. Through the quarter, though the quarter exposed again the importance of the U.S. Gulf exports for the entire LPG market, the belief in the fundamentals of strong LPG demand in the Far East were never in doubt. North American LPG production continues to grow, and although at times more of the value within the supply chain can be taken by terminals rather than shipping, opportunities afforded by the U.S. exports also proved sufficient to rebalance the market quickly. Our expectations remain positive for VLGC shipping, based upon propane remaining the competitive feedstock, additional PDH planned in China, forecasts of more export growth from North America, and potential for seeing an increased congestion in the Panama Canal. Thank you. And with that, I will pass it over to Mr. John Lycouris.

[John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thank you, Tim. In continuation of our commitment to sustainability, Dorian LPG strives to improve the energy efficiency of its vessels with a focus on operational and technical performance while continuing to follow and employ technological advances and innovations as they become commercially available in the marine sector. Our scrubber vessel savings for the 3r`d quarter of 2024 amounted to $2.17 million, or about $1,962 per day net of all scrubber operating expenses. Fuel differentials between high sulfur fuel oil and low sulfur fuel oil averaged at $115 per metric ton, while the differential of LPG as fuel versus the low sulfur fuel oil stood at about $185 per metric ton, which is quite advantageous for the dual fuel LPG engine vessels.

[John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition at Dorian LPG Ltd]

The total number of owned vessels fitted with scrubber units in our fleet is now 15, after having retrofitted another vessel in the last calendar quarter during this vessel's regular dry docking window. The added advantage with scrubber-fitted vessels is their eligibility for future installation of carbon capture modules. Marinized carbon capture modules present a significant opportunity for decarbonization, and we anticipate their adoption will become necessary in the immediate term as greenhouse gas emission regulations tighten significantly in the future. We have also completed the dry docking of two further vessels, including an ammonia as cargo upgrade for one of them. There is another ammonia as cargo upgrade for a vessel planned for dry docking by the end of this year.

[John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Upon completion of this last vessel, the Dorian LPG fleet will have three VLGC/VLAC vessels capable for ammonia cargoes in the water and one new building to be delivered in 2026. We anticipate an intensive schedule of dry dockings this coming year and next for the global VLGC fleet. About 80 VLGCs were built in the 2015-2016 period. Most Dorian LPG vessels were built in 2015, and for those that have not yet dry docked, we would be looking to dry dock and complete their second five-year service cycle early this next year. The MEPC 82 took place at the IMO headquarters in London at the end of September and beginning of October.

[John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Some of the significant outcomes of the MEPC 82 were the adoption of amendments to the MARPOL Annex VI to give effect to the Canadian Arctic and the Norwegian ECAs, emission control areas, for SOx and NOx, and it is expected to enter into force on the 1st of March 2026. There was also progression and refinement of the regulatory text for midterm greenhouse gas measures and scheduling for a further intersessional greenhouse gas working group in February 2025. No formal decisions on future emission regulations were made at this MEPC meeting. The most reliable insight into the likely outcome of the next MEPC 83 in mid-2025 comes from the nature of the ongoing debate at the MEPC 82 floor. That discussion included detailed proposals and increasingly focused options for each of the following elements, which are Well-to-Wake and Tank-to-Wake for the greenhouse gas fuel intensity.

[John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Most of the discussion at the MEPC 82 was converging on a technical and an economic measure for emissions, and a firm agreement for these midterm decarbonization measures is expected at the next MEPC 83 meeting, with enforcement starting in 2027. The WAPS wind assisted propulsion system offers benefits within current and upcoming regulatory frameworks. In particular, vessels equipped with WAPS, this wind assisted propulsion system technology, may qualify for the wind reward factor under FuelEU Maritime, which effectively lowers the vessel's calculated energy intensity and helps vessels meet emission targets while reducing their overall regulatory costs. Selecting WAPS technology that is both efficient and straightforward to install and operate can be a pivotal step in the energy transition, delivering a cost-effective path toward reduced emissions and seamless regulatory compliance. And now I would like to pass it over to John Hadjipateras for his final comment.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thanks, John. Thank you. We can take any questions if anyone has any questions for us. Before we do, I'd like to make a—I'd like to go back on a comment I made about the medium-term optimism amongst other factors is based on two big terminal expansions that we can see. I said 2nd half 2026, but in fact, the first is coming in the 2nd half of 2025 with Targa and Energy Transfer up to 8 million tons. And the other one will be Enterprise 2nd half 2026 with 10 miilion-15 million tons. Nikki, over to you.

[Operator]

Thank you. And with the prepared remarks completed, we will now open the line for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press the star and one on your telephone keypad. You may withdraw your question at any time by pressing star two. Once again, to ask a question, please press the star and one on your telephone keypad. One moment while we queue. And we'll take our first question from Omar Nokta with Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies]

Thank you. Hey, guys. Good morning. A couple of questions from my side, and maybe, John, sort of on your last comments there, and Ted, I know you and I have spoken about this quite a bit just regarding the VLGC spot rates, what we've been seeing here recently, especially with what's going on with U.S. terminal capacity. Obviously, capacity here near term has been limited. That's causing a jump in spot terminal fees, which in turn is compressing the export ARB and putting maybe a cap on freight rates at the moment. The expansion projects that come on next year and then in 2026 look like that could start to loosen up and perhaps some of that tightness on the terminal side.

[Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies]

So I just wanted to ask, maybe, John. I guess you sort of hinted at it, but you did say some reasons for optimism as that capacity expands. Do you think that that means we're perhaps in this soft patch for the next few quarters in which VLGC rates, maybe not, they may not capture their historical ratio of that arbitrage, but then once those terminals expand, we can start to see the rates revert to their norms? And when I say norms, norms in relation to the ARB.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Yeah. I don't, really, to be honest. I think that the factors like the efficiency of the canal transit feature more prominently than the export capacity restriction. So that's kind of what I feel. I think that with an ARB as open as it is, the reason we haven't been able to capture it is more to do with the absence of any kind of inefficiencies in fleet utilization, which is a feature that we saw last year to a great extent due to the Panama Canal transits. And I think it's reasonable to expect in the next couple of quarters that the canal will become less efficient for VLGCs because the demand for transits from LNG and containers will increase.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

So as much as anyone can guess, and it's obviously very difficult to do, I don't think that there's a cap necessarily on that, and certainly not because of the terminal capacity.

[Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies]

Got it. Thanks. That's quite helpful. Appreciate you saying that. And kind of on where we are in the marketplace, I guess we're at that time of year where U.S. LPG inventories start to maybe level out after building for several months. Do you think that this winter, based off what you're seeing, will bring that same type of seasonality where U.S. consumption rises, leads to higher prices domestically here, also putting pressure on the ARB and then impacting rates, or do you think something's different perhaps this winter? Anything you can talk about there?

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

The weather predictions have been sort of for colder winter here, so that should put a bit of pressure on the ARB. So far, at least, there have been for a kind of more moderate winter in Asia. Just as this was revised for here, it can easily be revised for Asia too. It's kind of betting on the weather, I think, to a large extent, looking for the immediate term. That's my feeling. I don't know whether Tim could add a little more color being on the front lines of the market. Tim, you want to have a go at it?

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Yeah. I think, as you said, the weather and the Panama Canal are really the two most important things. So we haven't - I mean, we have a very warm weather in the east right now, so the urgency for stocking up for the winter has not really started yet, but that could change very quickly. I mean, as you said, there was a prediction it was going to be warmer in the east than usual, but the latest we saw was another analyst saying that it was going to be colder. So again, the sentiment can change very quickly in the east. And when there's a pull on the east, the ARB will adjust itself to open that up, even if the U.S. prices also go up. And we have seen big events in the U.S., so I don't think that the U.S. prices will double up.

[Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer at Dorian LPG Ltd]

There will be no panic in the U.S. to withstand the exports. So we expect maximum exports to the east still, and with the production sufficient product to satisfy the U.S. market, although the inland prices may go up a bit. So really, the shipping market depends on the pull from the east, and especially the Panama Canal.

[Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies]

Okay. Thanks, Tim. And then just the final one for me. And Ted, I think you did mention it, but can you just remind, say it again, sorry, just the bookings that have been covered thus far, and then just what those refer to.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Yep. So for this current quarter, the one ending December 31st, 2024, we estimate that we have fixed just over 60% of the available days at a TCE in excess of $40,000 per day. That's only for the Helios Pool, and that includes both spot fixtures, time charters, and estimates for the COAs.

[Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies]

Okay. Perfect. Okay. Thanks, Ted. Thanks, guys. I'll turn it over.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thanks. Thanks, Omar.

[Ted Young, CFO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thank you, Omar.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question comes from Climent Molins with Value Investor's Edge. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Climent Molins, Research Analyst at Value Investors Edge]

Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. I wanted to start by asking about the year-to-date decline in exports from the Middle East. To what extent is that attributable to the oil output cuts? And should those be eased going forward, do you expect Middle Eastern volumes to increase?

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

The answer to the last point, yes. And yes, yes. They do. The exports of LPG from the Middle East are very related to the output. So if OPEC+ increase, then we expect, so it's not a perfect correlation, but there is, all in all, it's correlated. Sometimes there's some distortions, like Saudi Arabia uses LPG internally, but in general, we would expect if OPEC+ eases the increase of production, their exports, then we would see more volume of LPG also from the Middle East.

[Climent Molins, Research Analyst at Value Investors Edge]

That's helpful. Thank you. I also wanted to ask about the ammonia trade. It will still take a while for this trade to truly, let's say, live up to expectations, but could you talk a bit about the timeline you see? When do you expect volumes to start to have a meaningful effect on the overall VLGC trade?

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

It's one of those things. The way I look at it is one of those things that's long in coming and then comes suddenly. At the moment, we are not seeing as much development of green ammonia trade as has generally been expected by the industry, which caused this new building kind of surge in the last 12 months or so. But there are prospects for it to develop. There are some projects that are already kind of a little bit beyond the planning stage, and there's more consideration of blue ammonia. I think that while at the moment we don't have anything that would kind of give us comfort that all the ammonia-capable ships will be carrying ammonia when they're delivered, I think when it happens, it could happen quickly enough to have a positive effect and absorb that tonnage. That's how we're looking at it at the moment.

[Climent Molins, Research Analyst at Value Investors Edge]

Thanks for the caller. That's all from me. Thank you for taking my questions.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Thank you for your question.

[Operator]

Thank you. And this will conclude our Q&A session. I will now turn the call over to management for closing remarks.

[John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd]

Yep. Well, my closing remark is to thank you all. We're beginning to enter the holiday season, so hopefully higher freight rates, and everybody have a good time, and see you again in January.

[Operator]

Thank you. And this will conclude today's call. Thank you all for your participation, and you may disconnect at any time.

Participants

Executives

• John Lycouris, Head of Energy Transition
• Tim Hansen, Chief Commercial Officer
• Ted Young, CFO

Analysts

• Omar Nokta, Equity Analyst at Jefferies
• Climent Molins, Research Analyst at Value Investors Edge
• John Hadjipateras, Chairman, President and CEO at Dorian LPG Ltd