Ellington Credit Q3 2025 Earnings Report

Ellington Credit EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.23
• Consensus EPS: $0.20
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.03
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Ellington Credit Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $11.88 million
• Expected Revenue: $11.41 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$474.00 thousand
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Ellington Credit Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q3 2025
• Date: 11/19/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, November 20, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 11:00AM ET

Ellington Credit (NYSE:EARN) Income Fund (NYSE: EARN) is a closed-end management investment company that seeks to generate current income through a diversified portfolio of mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The fund primarily invests in residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and asset-backed securities (ABS), with additional exposure to commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) and related structured credit instruments. To enhance income and manage risk, the fund employs leverage and derivative strategies such as interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, allowing it to adjust duration and credit exposure dynamically.

The fund is externally managed and advised by Ellington Management Group, LLC, an established investment firm specializing in mortgage credit and structured products. The advisory team applies rigorous credit research and quantitative analysis to identify relative-value opportunities in the U.S. mortgage markets. Portfolio construction emphasizes a risk-adjusted approach, balancing yield enhancement with capital preservation to navigate changing interest rate and credit environments.

Since its inception, Ellington Credit Income Fund has focused on U.S. residential and commercial mortgage markets, building a diversified portfolio to mitigate concentration risk. Holdings range from sponsored securitizations and seasoned bonds to bespoke credit structures, with the goal of capturing spread dislocations and credit opportunities. Active management allows the fund to reposition exposures in response to market developments and evolving economic conditions.

The fund offers investors a closed-end structure that combines daily liquidity with the potential for market-driven discounts or premiums to net asset value. Its distribution policy targets regular monthly payouts designed to meet income objectives, making it a candidate for investors seeking yield-oriented strategies in a low-interest-rate environment without the complexity of directly managing leveraged mortgage positions.

Ellington Credit Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Achieved full dividend coverage in September as net investment income rose, signaling the portfolio's earnings power as the company nears full deployment.
• Positive Sentiment: Active trading and a deliberate portfolio tilt toward mezzanine CLO debt (≈70% of recent net CLO purchases) and secondary-market CLO equity helped ramp the CLO portfolio to ~$380 million and boost net investment income.
• Neutral Sentiment: Management increased credit hedges materially (roughly $90M high-yield equivalents at 9/30 and >$150M by 10/31) to protect liquidity and downside, a defensive move that reduces tail risk but carries ongoing cost.
• Positive Sentiment: With the fund close to fully invested, the company plans to raise long-term unsecured notes in the coming weeks, which management expects to be accretive to net investment income and GAAP earnings.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Ellington Credit Company's second fiscal quarter-ended, September 30th, 2025 results conference call. Today's call is being recorded. At this time, all participants have been placed in a listen-only mode, and the floor will be open for your questions following the presentation. If you would like to ask a question at that time, please press star one on your telephone keypad. At any time, if your question has been answered, you may remove yourself from the queue by pressing star two. Lastly, if you should require operator assistance, please press star zero. It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to Alaael-Deen Shilleh, Associate General Counsel. Sir, you may begin.

[Alaael-Deen Shilleh, Associate General Counsel at Ellington Credit Company]

Thank you. Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that this conference call may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not historical in nature and involve risks and uncertainties detailed in our registration statement on Form N2. Actual results may differ materially from these statements, so they should not be considered to be predictions of future events. The company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Joining me today are Larry Penn, Chief Executive Officer of Ellington Credit Company; Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager; and Chris Smernoff, Chief Financial Officer. Our earnings conference call presentation is available on our website, ellingtoncredit.com. Today's call will track that presentation, and all statements and references to figures are qualified by the important notice and end notes at the back of the presentation.

[Alaael-Deen Shilleh, Associate General Counsel at Ellington Credit Company]

With that, I'll turn it over to Larry.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Thanks, Alaael-Deen. Good morning, everyone. We appreciate your time and interest in Ellington Credit Company, which we often refer to by its New York Stock Exchange ticker, EARN, or EARN for short. Please turn to slide three. The credit markets generally rallied during the third calendar quarter, supported by a dovish shift from the Federal Reserve, which delivered its first interest rate cut of the year in September. Most corporate credit and CLO spreads tightened overall, as shown here on slide three, and that was even despite some notable pockets of weak credit performance in the high-yield corporate bond and leveraged loan markets. Major equity indexes also advanced on expectations of further monetary easing. Turning now to slide four, Ellington Credit delivered another strong quarter against this backdrop. Our CLO portfolio ramp-up continued at a steady pace, and our net investment income rose accordingly.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Our results also benefited from several CLO note redemptions at par on discounted purchases, as well as our robust trading activity, with more than 90 distinct CLO trades executed during the quarter. Finally, I'm very pleased to announce that Ellington Credit Company achieved full dividend coverage from net investment income in September, underscoring the earnings power of our portfolio as we get closer to being fully invested. Active trading remains at the core of our investment approach, and we believe it enables us to capitalize on mispricings, to manage risk more effectively, and to continually reposition the portfolio for optimal relative value. This past quarter, we saw yield compression between the CLO debt tranche markets and the leveraged loan markets, and that led us to reposition our portfolio in two important ways.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

First, this yield compression led us to increase our portfolio allocation to mezzanine debt, gaining more attractive yields on a relative value basis, especially with the downside protection they offer. Second, the yield compression led us to reduce our exposure to new issue equity. Instead, we gained similar exposures but at better pricing in secondary market acquisitions of longer duration equity. Another advantage of frequent trading is that it provides more accurate and more actionable information on real-time market conditions, and it improves our valuation process, as Greg will discuss later. Our predisposition towards active trading also highlights an advantage of EARN's relatively modest size. With $225 million of equity to invest, rather than, say, a billion dollars or more, we can remain nimble, rotate the portfolio decisively, and be highly selective in our investments without feeling compelled to own the market.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Our portfolio maneuvers this past quarter echoed many of our moves from the prior quarter. Looking back over the last two quarters, so dating back to our April 1st conversion to a closed-end fund, approximately 70% of our net CLO purchases have been of mezzanine debt tranches, reflecting our deliberate move up in credit quality. We believe that mezzanine debt tranches currently offer a compelling combination of yield and downside protection, complementing the equity positions we hold. We've also leaned more heavily into the secondary market, where relative value opportunities are often more compelling than a new issue. As I mentioned, we've been especially favoring secondary market acquisitions in the case of CLO equity. As shown on slide seven, as of September 30th, our $380 million CLO portfolio was almost evenly split between mezzanine debt and equity tranches, with about 14% of total investments in Europe.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

With that, I'll hand it over to Chris to review our financial results in more detail. Chris.

[Chris Smernoff, CFO at Ellington Credit Company]

Thanks, Larry. Good morning, everyone. Please turn back to slide four. For calendar Q3, we reported GAAP net income of $0.11 per share and net investment income of $0.23 per share. The weighted average GAAP yield for the quarter on our CLO portfolio was 15.5%. On slide six, you can see a breakout of our portfolio net income by CLO subsector: $0.13 from U.S. CLO debt, $0.03 from European CLO debt, $0.08 from U.S. CLO equity, and a slight net loss from European CLO equity. Strong net investment income across subsectors was complemented by net realized and unrealized gains on CLO debt and partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on CLO equity and credit hedges. In the U.S. leveraged loan market, overall index prices were broadly unchanged, but performance diverged sharply by credit quality.

[Chris Smernoff, CFO at Ellington Credit Company]

Lower quality CCC-rated loans fell several points amid isolated default concerns, while single B-rated loans advanced on sustained CLO demand, further highlighting the theme of credit dispersion. Callable higher quality loans continue to be repriced at lower rates, with price premiums on those loans giving way to new issuance at par with tighter spreads. In Europe, leveraged loan prices lag the U.S., largely due to more extensive repricing activity. Despite the mixed loan backdrop, U.S. and European CLO debt spreads generally tightened, supported by steady capital inflows and limited new CLO issuance. Seasoned mezzanine debt outperformed as loan prepayment and repricing activity remained elevated. CLO equity also benefited from tightening debt spreads, enabling equity investors to refinance or reset liabilities at lower coupons, though this was partially offset in both the U.S. and Europe by continued loan repricing and isolated default concerns.

[Chris Smernoff, CFO at Ellington Credit Company]

Slide seven provides detail on our CLO portfolio, highlighting the continued sequential growth. In total, the CLO portfolio increased by 20% to $380 million. During the quarter, we made new purchases totaling $116 million, 62% of that in CLO debt and 38% in CLO equity, and sold $29 million of CLOs, consistent with our active trading approach. At September 30th, CLO equity represented 51% of total CLO holdings, down from 53% coming into the quarter, while European CLO investments accounted for 14%, roughly unchanged quarter-over-quarter. Slide eight provides an overview of the corporate loans underlying our CLO investments. The collateral remains predominantly first lien, floating rate leveraged loans, representing roughly 95% of the underlying assets. Industry exposure is well diversified, led by tech, financial services, and healthcare, with no single sector exceeding 11%.

[Chris Smernoff, CFO at Ellington Credit Company]

Maturities are spread over several years, with the largest concentrations in 2028 and 2031, and limited near-term maturities, producing a weighted average loan maturity of 4.2 years. Facility sizes skew towards large borrowers, with 42% in facilities over $1.5 billion, with a weighted average size of $1.6 billion, supporting liquidity. Slide nine provides further detail on our underlying loan collateral. Slide 10 presents a snapshot of our credit hedges as of September 30th. During the quarter, we increased our corporate credit hedges alongside the growth of our loan portfolio. At quarter end, we also maintained a foreign currency hedge portfolio to manage exposure associated with our European CLO investments. Turning to slide 11, as of September 30th, our NAV was $5.99 per share, and cash and cash equivalents totaled $20.1 million. Our NAV-based total return for the quarter was 9.6% annualized.

[Chris Smernoff, CFO at Ellington Credit Company]

With that, I'll pass it over to Greg to discuss how the portfolio market has performed, how we positioned our CLO portfolio, and our market outlook.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

Thanks, Chris. It's a pleasure to speak with everyone today. Calendar Q3 played out almost as a mirror image of Q2. We began with robust performance in July, but momentum faded as the quarter went on. Growing concerns about idiosyncratic credit issues, coupled with continued loan coupon spread compression, weighed on CLO equity and even pressured some of the more credit-sensitive mezzanine tranches. Even against this backdrop, both our mezzanine and equity positions contributed positively to performance. As we've mentioned before, we have been concerned throughout the year about the widening gap between strong and weak credits in both the CLO and broader corporate credit markets. Whether it is the prolonged impact of elevated interest rates on floating rate borrowers or the volatility around winners and losers created by AI, tariffs, and changing trade dynamics, we have been deliberate and cautious about owning first-loss credit risk.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

CLO equity has continued to experience muted returns, not only due to defaults and distressed exchanges in some weaker credits, but also due to prepayments in stronger credits, reducing returns at both ends of the underlying loan portfolios. For CLO equity, the combination of these two factors has more than offset the positive impact of tightening liability costs and deals. On the margin, we generally continue to favor CLO mezzanine tranches as a more attractive balance of risk and return in the portfolio. The subordination and structural protections they offer help insulate us from the dispersion and idiosyncratic concerns mentioned earlier. That said, almost any investment becomes attractive at the right price, and we are continuing to see opportunities in both parts of the capital structure when they're offered at the right levels.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

We are continuing to find the secondary markets far more compelling than primary markets, as has been the case for most of the year. We only participated in one new issue's equity transaction in calendar Q3. Meanwhile, we saw an uptick in CLO trades for EARN from 79 in Q2 to 92 in Q3, emphasizing our trading-focused, flexible approach. In our view, this is something that very much differentiates us from our competitors and should be a source of comfort for investors. Credit issues such as First Brands have roiled the credit markets, and that has led to selling pressure on the stocks of CLO closed-end funds, including EARN. Similar to what we've seen with BDC stock prices, I believe this is often due to investor uncertainty about the true condition of the underlying portfolios, including the portfolio marks.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

By trading our portfolio so actively, we possess a great deal of confidence in our underlying portfolio marks. Not only do we have a strong sense of where the market transacts, but it has been relatively straightforward to value our positions because many of them trade frequently, which makes us highly confident in the accuracy of our reported NAV. While we continue to favor mezzanine tranches, EARN has been able to take advantage of some interesting opportunities in the CLO equity market. We expect to continue to see compelling special situations, especially in the secondary market, where we find that our strong relationships and reputation as an active trading counterparty often give us early and differentiated access.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

While some CLO managers and dealers are willing to offer incentives to entice investors to commit to funding new issue CLO equity investments, we think it's critical to evaluate those incentives in the context of the manager's quality, the deal structure, and the underlying collateral, and only commit capital when the overall opportunity clears our risk-reward bar. Now, back to Larry.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Thanks, Greg. I'm very pleased with EARN's results this quarter. The steady growth of our net investment income enabled us to achieve full dividend coverage in September, which is an important milestone that reflects the earnings power of our portfolio. While our net investment income can fluctuate month to month as deals are called, distributions are reinvested, or profits are taken through trading, we feel confident about our ability to maintain dividend coverage over the long term. Taking a step back, volatility and credit dispersion have remained defining features of the corporate credit markets in general this year and the CLO market in particular.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Uneven impacts from AI and tariffs have definitely factored greatly into this volatility and credit dispersion, but the recent Tricolor and First Brands bankruptcies, First Brands being a widely held CLO credit, by the way, underscores that the corporate credit markets are also vulnerable to idiosyncratic volatility and credit dispersion. Given that corporate credit spreads overall remained relatively tight during the quarter, we continued to expand our credit hedging portfolio as we ramped our investment portfolio. As shown on slide 10, we increased our credit hedge portfolio to roughly $90 million of high-yield CDX bond equivalents by the end of the quarter. To put that in perspective, that $90 million equates to about 40% of our NAV as of September 30th, so it's a very significant position. Following quarter end, we've continued to increase our credit hedges.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

This synthetic short position reached more than $150 million in high-yield equivalents as of October 31st, as detailed in our October tear sheet that we released last night. While these hedges, like most hedges, can be expensive to maintain, the downside protection they provide is well worth the cost in our view, especially given where overall corporate credit spreads currently stand. If credit spreads widen, these corporate credit hedges should generate substantial gains to help offset any declines in our long CLO portfolio. Finally, I'll note that while high-profile defaults like First Brands tend to grab a lot of headlines, they also give you a real-world look at how CLO structures are designed to work and how our approach is meant to protect investors. In EARN, the impact from First Brands on our portfolio was quite modest.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Our mezzanine debt tranches were largely protected by their equity buffers, and while some of our equity positions were affected, the overall fundamental effect for us was quite limited and was felt more in shorter-dated deals as opposed to the longer reinvestment period CLOs where most of our equity exposure sits. That is really the point of the diversification that the CLO market offers investors. You avoid taking outsized exposure to any one borrower. That principle, combined with our recent focus on CLO debt tranches, served us well through the third calendar quarter. As we move forward, if corporate defaults were to become more widespread, our credit hedges would become even more important as another layer of downside protection. Looking ahead with a balanced mix of mezzanine debt and equity tranches and robust credit hedging, I believe we are well positioned for both upside and resilience as market conditions evolve.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

We expect elevated repricing activity and ongoing credit dispersion to continue to create opportunities for outperformance through active portfolio management, further reinforcing our confidence in delivering strong total returns for shareholders. Since we're now close to being fully invested, our likely next step is to raise long-term unsecured notes, which we hope to complete in the coming weeks, market conditions permitting. We expect this additional capital to be accretive to both net investment income and GAAP earnings. Now, let's open the floor to Q&A. Operator, please proceed.

[Operator]

Thank you. At this time, if you would like to signal for a question, simply press star on on your telephone keypad. Again, if at any point your question has been answered, you may remove yourself by pressing star two. Once again, that is star one to signal and star two to remove yourself. We'll pause for just a moment. We'll take our first question from Crispin Love with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

[Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Thank you. Good morning. My question is on the hedges and the recent moves. As you said, you had a pretty meaningful move in credit hedges from the end of September to the end of October. Can you just discuss what you're seeing? What drove the increase versus the end of September? You think spreads are too tight today? Of course, we've been hearing some of all the macro noise in credit, private credit. Just curious on your thoughts there and what you're seeing in your portfolio and just more broadly.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure. I'll take a first crack at that, Greg, if you don't mind. Just the increase in the size of the credit hedges was mostly a function of just the increase in the portfolio size and the increase in the leverage in terms of just on an absolute dollar base, in terms of how much debt we have through repo. A major component of how we size our credit hedges is to make sure that in a severe market downturn, we'll have enough liquidity through the profits on our credit hedges to manage any liquidity issues arising from our repo. That's really where most of it comes from. In terms of timing the market, I'll pass that to Greg. We obviously do have the ability, and we like to also adjust the size of the credit hedge portfolio in terms of how tight credit spreads are on a historical basis. Greg?

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure. To echo Larry's point, I think it's important to remember these hedges are here to really sort of protect against a drawdown. It's not a short position we're necessarily taking. Early on, when we weren't financing our positions as much, or if we were more heavy in CLO equity, which we're not necessarily financing the way we'll finance CLO mezzanine positions, they aren't as necessary. As we've increased financing on CLO mezzanine positions, as we've tended to favor those, we've needed to add more protection in these drawdown scenarios from a liquidity point of view. That said, we're constantly trading these hedges around as positions come up and down. If we are selling out of something, we may adjust them down to be careful not to be running shorter than we would like either. You're right.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

I think that as we see some of these tails have grown in areas of the corporate credit market, we still think that tail risk is attractively priced. Entering into some of those hedges at these levels versus where we could enter into long investments with some financing, that equation, we think, works out well for EARN generally.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

I'll just add, we'll be filing our NCSR shortly, which gives a detailed look at our entire portfolio, including our hedges. You'll see if you take a look at those when they come out that they're really mostly what we would call tail hedges, right, to protect against tail scenarios.

[Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. That all makes sense. Larry, I get your point on increasing the hedges with the size of the portfolio in the calendar third quarter. Just looking at October, definitely saw a big increase in hedges, but a decrease in the CLO portfolio, if I'm looking at that right. Was that a more cautious view on credits?

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Greg, do you have a view on that? I would have to take a closer look at that to answer that.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

I would need to take a look. We've not looked to necessarily represent a shorter, more cautious view. I think in general, you may have seen some rotations. As I said, the hedges are really there when we're financing mez positions. Just as we're adding leverage, the drawdown with the financing can be something that we pay more attention to. The other thing too is earlier on, our hedging options were more limited than they are today in terms of setting up agreements with banks in terms of what we're able to trade. We use a lot of different, we enter into a lot of different types of markets for different types of tail hedges. It is possible from a notional standpoint, you may see some things that are just a lower beta or delta that maybe have a higher notional to that point.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

We'd have to look through in terms of notional sizing. Overall, it's not necessarily an uptick in what we think is the actual risk or equivalent risk of the hedges. It might just notionally look different as we've moved from one product to another.

[Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. And then just last question. Does any color, I'm just looking at the tear sheet for October, any color on the CLO portfolio decrease a bit to $371 million from $380 million as you're kind of getting to full deployment? Any reason for the decrease there?

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

Over the course of October?

[Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Yes.

[Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager at Ellington Credit Company]

Over the end of October? October is a quarterly payment date too. The equity portfolio will have distributions and generally a bit of a markdown in prices. While that came out and was distributed, I think there was some of that. Also, CLO equity did sell off a little bit in October. I think that's what we saw in the market. You saw the NAV move to adjust that a little bit.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Perfect. I'll just add that the debt portfolio increased net month over month, and the equity portfolio decreased mainly driven by what Greg mentioned, the distribution.

[Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler]

All right. Sounds good there. Appreciate y'all taking my questions.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure.

[Operator]

We'll go now to Doug Harter with UBS. Please go ahead.

[Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS]

Thanks. You mentioned potentially being in the market for unsecured debt. Can you talk about your appetite for leverage and how you think about where leverage would be kind of for the context of this conversation? We'll hold the asset composition the same just to take that piece of it out of the equation.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure. As I said, we're really close to fully invested right now. I think at between $370 million and $380 million, let's call it, we would have room definitely to go up to around $400 million, maybe a little bigger. We are constrained by all of the restrictions of the 40 Act. We're a fully compliant derivative user, and that does give us a little more flexibility. A little less than 2 to 1 leverage. Again, that's also given our current 2-1 asset to equity leverage. That's given our current portfolio composition as well, right? The more mezzanine debt that we have, the more we can leverage, the more equity we have, the less generally. If we were to do an unsecured deal, I think you could see, right? Let's just say for argument's sake that it was a $50 million deal, right?

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

That additional capital, I think just good rule of thumb again would be something a little less than 2-1 assets to that additional debt capital.

[Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS]

Great. Appreciate that answer. Thank you.

[Operator]

We'll hear next from Eric Hagen with BTIG. Please go ahead.

[Eric Hagen, Specialty Finance Analyst at BTIG]

Hey, thanks. Good morning, guys. Hey, do you have any perspectives or predictions on the amount of CLO supply we might see next year and just how sensitive the market could be to higher levels of issuance and maybe just some of the conditions that you feel like will drive the spread environment next year?

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure. To be honest, I don't have a lot of conviction there. I think some of it will depend on what we see with new issue loan supply. I think if you speak to a lot of market participants, everyone sort of admits that it's been a challenge to ARB with loans being so tight. I think similar to this year, you'll see a lot of reset and refinancing activities of existing deals as opposed to proper new issue just where the market is today. That said, it's hard to tell what may happen on both the asset and liability sides. Depending on what happens with rates, that can force technicals within the loan market, potentially on the liability side as well.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

If you get a situation where some of the loans tend to sell off and maybe widen on spreads while AAAs and maybe some of the up-the-stack tranches hold in better, this may present a good window for new issue, true new issue to pick back up. Right now, it feels like we'll continue in this environment where things are now, where people are getting creative with existing deals, trying to give them new life and extend them out versus newer, cleaner new issue deals. That's where we see the demand at least today.

[Eric Hagen, Specialty Finance Analyst at BTIG]

Okay. That's interesting. Hey, do you have any general perspectives on the presence of AI-related credits which show up in the CLO market, especially the middle market CLO zone? If you think there's a lot of indirect sensitivity with respect to the AI narrative just more generally and the connectivity that it has to the flow of credit.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

Sure. Addressing the first part of the question, it definitely will have an impact in the loan market. I think that as AI filters through a lot of different, it isn't even necessarily all about tech. There's going to be a lot of companies where AI can benefit companies in terms of reducing costs. AI could potentially make some companies uncompetitive, though. I think that when we speak to CLO managers and we take a look at our own on some of these credits, you will find that a portion of the market will be affected, sometimes good, sometimes bad, by what AI may ultimately end up bringing. This is another point on our concern around dispersion. If it strongly creates winners and losers, this isn't necessarily the best thing for CLO equity.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

If the winners prepay out at tighter levels and the losers have fundamental problems, that's not necessarily good for the overall weighted average spread of the portfolio or good for the default rate of the portfolio. This dispersion is one of the things we're concerned about. As far as it relates to the middle market space, I'm not sure I would specifically comment differently. There's been some information and articles recently about some of those areas, maybe of sort of the private credit middle market space that have started to reveal some problems in some of the names. There may be some similarities with the same way AI can affect the broadly syndicated loan market. It'll affect these areas of the credit markets as well.

[Larry Penn, CEO at Ellington Credit Company]

It may just take a second to come through as marks do not move as quickly as the underlying loans that are not as actively traded. That is something that, as much as we will go into those markets, we remain much smaller because given our very trading-focused background, it is not as easy for us to assess the day-to-day risk as things move when underlying portfolio models in those portfolios are not reacting to up-to-date information. It does lead us to be cautious in some of those areas, to your point, around how quickly, if AI leads to an adverse issue in those portfolios, that we will be able to see that information.

[Eric Hagen, Specialty Finance Analyst at BTIG]

Really helpful color here. Thank you guys so much.

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, that was our final question for today. We thank you for participating in the Ellington Credit Company's second fiscal quarter-ended September 30th, 2025 results conference call. You may disconnect at this time and have a wonderful rest of your day.

Participants

Executives

• Alaael-Deen Shilleh, Associate General Counsel
• Greg Borenstein, Portfolio Manager
• Larry Penn, CEO
• Chris Smernoff, CFO

Analysts

• Eric Hagen, Specialty Finance Analyst at BTIG
• Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS
• Crispin Love, Analyst at Piper Sandler