Frontline Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

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Provided by Quartr
February 28, 2025

Key Takeaways

  • Frontline has 80% of its VLCC days booked at $43,700/day, alongside 77% of Suezmax and 64% of LR2 days secured for Q1 2025, indicating strong forward bookings.
  • The company maintains a $693 million liquidity buffer with no significant debt maturities until 2028, reflecting robust balance sheet health.
  • Operating a modern fleet averaging 6.6 years of age with 99% eco‐compliant vessels and an estimated breakeven of ~$26,200/day suggests attractive cost margins.
  • Adjusted Q4 profit fell to $45.1 million ($0.2/share), down SEK 30 million QoQ primarily due to lower TCE earnings.
  • At current spot rates, Frontline’s fleet could generate an estimated $447 million annually ($2.01/share), with an 80% boost from a 30% market rally.
AI Generated. May Contain Errors.
Earnings Conference Call
Frontline Q4 2024
00:00 / 00:00

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Operator

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the fourth quarter 2024 Frontline plc earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be the question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you need to press * 11 on your telephone keypad. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw a question, please press * 11 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to our first speaker today, Mr. Lars H. Barstad. Please go ahead.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Thank you very much, dear all, and thank you for dialing into Frontline's quarterly earnings call. Being in the tanker industry one is used to evolving and ever-changing markets, largely affected by geopolitical events. But it's becoming a little bit exhausting having potential seismic shifts by the hour. At Frontline, we manage to stay calm, trade our ships, and wait for the facts or actual outcomes instead of attempting to analyze every statement out there. A red line in all the action is focus on sanctions enforcement and a widening scope within that realm, which we welcome. Before I give the word to Inger, I'll run through the TCE numbers on slide three in the deck. In the fourth quarter of 2024, Frontline achieved $35,900 per day on our VLCC fleet, $33,000, sorry, $34,000 per day on our Suezmax fleet, and $26,100 per day on our LR2/Aframax fleet.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

So far, in the third quarter, 80% of our VLCC days are booked at $43,700 per day. 77% of our Suezmax days are booked at $35,400 per day, and 64% of our LR2/Aframax days are booked at $29,700 per day. Again, all these numbers in the table are on a load-to-discharge basis with implications for ballast days at the end of the quarter. This incurs. With that, I'll give the word to Inger, and we move to page three in the deck.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah, thank you, Lars, and good morning and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. We are now on slide four, profit statement. We report profit of $66.7 million this quarter, or $0.30 per share, and adjusted profit of $45.1 million, or $0.20 per share. The adjusted profit in this quarter decreased by about $30 million compared with the previous quarter, and that was mainly due to a decrease in our TCE earnings, but it was partly offset by reduction of expenses as well, then we can move to slide five, balance sheet. The balance sheet movements in this quarter are related to sale of a vessel, repayments of debt, and also refinancing, in addition to ordinary items. Frontline has a solid balance sheet and strong liquidity of $693 million in cash and cash equivalents.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

That's including the undrawn amount of the senior unsecured revolving credit facility, marketable securities, and minimum cash requirements as per December 31, 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, we have further strengthened our strong liquidity with revolver capacity of up to $91.9 million. We have no newbuilding commitments and no meaningful debt maturities until 2028. Then you can move to slide six. Our fleet consists of 41 VLCCs, 22 Suezmax tankers, and 18 LR2 tankers. It has an average age of 6.6 years and consists of 99% Eco vessels, whereas 56% scrubber-fitted. We estimate average cash cost break-even rates for 2025 of approximately $29,200 per day for VLCCs, $24,000 per day for Suezmax tankers, and $22,200 per day for LR2 tankers, with a fleet average estimate of about $26,200 per day. This includes dry dock of two VLCCs and one Suezmax tanker in 2025.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

We recorded OpEx with dry dock in the fourth quarter of $7,600 per day for VLCCs, $9,100 per day for Suezmax tankers, and $7,600 per day for LR2 tankers. This includes dry dock of one VLCC and one Suezmax tanker. The Q4 2024 fleet average OpEx excluding dry dock was $7,400 per day. Then we can move to slide seven, cash generation. With about 30,000 earnings days annually, Frontline has a substantial cash generation potential. As you can see from the graph on the right-hand side of this slide, the cash generation potential at current fleet and spot market earnings from Clarksons Research as of February 28, 2025 is $447 million, or $2.01 per share. And a 30% increase from current spot market will increase the potential cash generation with about 80%. With this, I leave the word to Lars again.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Thank you very much, Inger. Let's move to slide eight. We've done the presentation a little bit different this time. Basically, kind of trying to focus a little bit on what we regard the normal market, which is basically everything kind of besides what's going on in the media and around tariffs, sanctions, war, and whatnot. So global oil consumption averaged 103.4 million barrels in Q4. That's a fairly good number, up 1 million barrels per day year on year. This is expected to reach 104.5 million barrels by year-end. In a normal market, this would have been looked upon as a very kind of firm development within the media. Global supply was up with 600,000 barrels per day. OPEC maintained their production cuts in December 2024.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

And we actually are expecting inventory to start building in 2025, at least according to EIA, and supply to reach 105.5 million barrels in Q4 2025. For Q4, and this kind of to a large degree explains some of the disappointments we've seen in rates. Global oil exports were actually down 700,000 barrels per day compared to Q4 2023. OPEC alone was down 1.5 million barrels per day. This can be explained partially by what is expected to be seen as inventory draws during the period. You also need to remember that we saw, in particular, Iran hiking their exports in October, making basically the Asian markets quite well supplied with molecules into Q4. This is obviously material, not benefiting the compliant tanker fleet. We continue to see, and we continued to see in Q4 muted new ordering.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

But we also saw that the delivery window for any kind of asset you want to build moved firmly into 2028, maintaining the three-year lead time in order to get the vessel on water. The average fleet age for tankers is, at this day, 13.7 years. This is the highest since 2001. The regulatory framework compliant ship owners are actually facing. If you look at the asset classes Frontline operate in, we also see Suezmax and LR2/Aframax, 46% of the vessels are over 15 years now, meaning that they will be up for replacement over the next five years. And as we speak, 20% are above 20 years. And this then kind of shows us that an order book of 15% is manageable kind of in this scenario.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Basically, what we're trying to argue is that if you see beyond the noisy tariff and sanctions narrative and all the unrest around us, which we don't expect to hurt demand materially, the only effect we may see is that trade efficiency will be reduced and will basically have kind of a more or even an increased inefficiency in how the ships sail and then longer trade lanes. The backdrop remains quite good for tankers. I think it was a good reminder to our listeners that kind of beyond everything else, there is actually a normal market functioning. So we're also going to spend an entire slide on talking about sanctions and tariffs. These are questions that we receive every day from various investors, journalists, whatnot, basically on all the headlines that are coming out as we speak.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

So let's first have a look at tariffs on Mexico, Canada, China, and EU. Depending on the outcomes, and this is always a big question, what will actually be kind of come to effect in the end? These tariffs also incur a material energy exposure. U.S. imports around 4 million barrels of crude oil from Canada every day. China only imports a very modest volume from the U.S., which may come as a surprise to some. This is around 200,000 barrels per day. Mexico exports in total 800,000 barrels per day. Half goes to the U.S., so around 400,000 barrels per day. Then again, U.S. exports to Mexico 600,000 barrels per day. So meaning that if oil and energy gets weaponized in this tariff discussion between these countries, it can actually become quite interesting to see how that plays out for the tanker industry.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Then we have the more recent U.S. Trade Representative, or USTR, $1.5 million fee on Chinese-built tonnage. So 22% of global tanker fleets is built in China. Frontline is exposed on Suezmax, LR2, and Aframax, but all our VLCCs are built either in Korea or Japan, and we have no vessels on order in China. This is yet kind of out there being heard. It's not been put in law or no legislation has been created yet. It will be interesting to watch, but again, it's kind of the only outcome here would be for altering trade lanes and more inefficiency on the uncertain trade. Then you have maximum pressure on Iran or a solution on Iran, so let's look at those two scenarios here. The first one, maximum pressure would potentially remove Iranian oil's access to the market. This means that this oil needs to be replaced from.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Likely potentially from OPEC. That would be compliant oil that needs compliant ships. Again, beneficial for us that operate in the compliant market. If a solution is found and suddenly Iranian barrels stop to be sanctioned, that will, well, sorry, the previous one would also incur floating storage needs as Iranian oil would back up. Look at the other side of this. The removal of sanctions altogether would even be potentially more bullish for tankers or for compliant tankers as Iranian oil would become compliant and compliant oil needs compliant tankers. You have Russian sanctions, whether if they're increased or the pressure is heightened or the other side of it if it's removed. The increased sanction pressure, I think we're already seeing the beginning or the results of that.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

We see not on the export side because we actually see the barrels still move, but on the import side, we already see in the statistics that not only Russian, also Iranian and to some degree Venezuelan oil imports globally are falling. So basically, floating storage must be building. But anyway, an increased sanction pressure further makes kind of the trade around those barrels more complicated, and it's tying up more tonnage. Basically, taking tonnage out of the compliant market into the gray or the dark market. If you turn that around and say that you remove all the sanctions overnight, you also have to bear in mind then that it's very easy to remove sanctions on oil. That could probably be done by the stroke of a pen. But removing all the sanctions vessels from OFAC and EU lists is potentially a bit more complicated.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

But even if that could happen, bear in mind, and we've indicated that on the chart on the bottom right-hand corner, more than or close to 50% of the Russian trading fleet is above 20 years. And if you remove sanctions, that does not change the policy charterers have on this 20-year cap. And as we've previously stated, that's probably to remain firm until the market becomes so expensive that or freight becomes so expensive that the charterers are incentivized to ask their vetting departments to move beyond the 20-year age cap. Also, a very important part in kind of this narrative is, are U.S. Treasury OFAC and EU going to be aligned if sanctions are lifted or sought lifted on Russia? Then we have also recently Venezuela exemptions. So U.S. seems to be having a new position on Venezuela and exemptions given for lifting Venezuelan crude.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

This is poised to pull pressure on production expansions and exports from Venezuela. Venezuela has actually, maybe to a surprise to some, grown their exports from 550,000 barrels to 800,000 barrels year on year. Actually, on preliminary tracking data, they were able to churn out 1 million barrels per day in December. But then we have another part here, which is this Shandong Port Group basically aligning themselves with OFAC and not allowing OFAC-listed vessels to discharge in that province. This might change. This happened also almost simultaneously as OFAC expanded their list of sanctioned vessels by close to 160 tankers. Obviously, any expansion on that OFAC list will hit this directly. But it is a game changer because when you can't actually enforce sanctions, the only hope is that somebody will self-sanction.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

This is effectively what the Shandong Province and a very important import hub in China has done. Further to that, India has at least so far seemingly followed suit and also kind of preventing OFAC-listed vessels to discharge in their ports. One small side comment there for China, this might have an alternative motive. China has an interest in evening the playing field between state and private independent refineries, teapots, which are very present in this province and which to a large degree have taken advantage of cheap feedstock coming from Iran. Then lastly, in this kind of fairly extensive list of moving parts that we as tanker owners are exposed to, we have the Red Sea, Israel, and the Hamas situation. Of course, in relation to the Houthis and their actions in the Red Sea.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

We believe the risk continues with ebb and flow with the developments in Gaza. But it's still so that as a tanker owner, we're not necessarily incentivized to go through. We don't mind taking the long way around. And also, we don't see currently any massive pressure from charterers to move through the region either. And the situation is still high risk, we would argue. Not necessarily because ships have been attacked in the Red Sea, which they haven't, but something might go wrong in the peace process and in the ceasefire, and then things can escalate extremely quickly. And I also wanted to make a note on this or kind of focus here on this slide and look at the top right-hand chart. The blue line is how the fleet development actually has been.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

The orange line is if we lived in a normal world where ships did not trade sanctioned oil and ships got recycled on or around their 20-year anniversary. Looking at this, the conventional tanker fleet, if you look at the VLCC, Suezmax, and Aframax, actually stopped growing in 2022. Had we done that exercise for VLCC alone, it stopped growing in September or October 2021. So we've actually had negative fleet growth in the compliant or below 20-year market for close to three years now. Keep that in mind. Let's move to slide 10. And this basically is to show how much is in this, how much is exposed to all these political moves and what's going on in the world around us. So let's move back to pre-Russian invasion and go back to 2019. Europe imported around 10 million barrels per day of oil.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Then the war broke out, and Europe lost 1 million barrels of Russian oil. They lost a little bit from Med, but the Atlantic Basin, like the U.S., Brazil, West Africa, and so forth, increased its supply into Europe by 1.2 million barrels. 388,000 incremental barrels were sold from the North Sea, and others amounted to 208,000 barrels per day. At the end, or in 2024, Europe has consumed 10.8 million barrels per day. This is not like a massive growth. It's a small incremental growth. But if you look at the volume changes here, they're quite remarkable. And for a shipper, we don't necessarily want Europe to source its oil from the Atlantic Basin. That oil we want to move east.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

That oil has traditionally moved east, but obviously, as Russia has taken market share in the Eastern market, the Atlantic Basin has been locked inside the Atlantic Basin. Move to Asia. Pre-invasion, Asia had 21.7 million barrels per day of oil imports. The war broke out. They lost 600,000 barrels from the Atlantic Basin. They further lost almost all that went into or stayed in Europe, 300,000 barrels from the North Sea. They lost 170,000 barrels from the Med. In came 1.4 million barrels per day from Russia. Iran managed to increase their exports by almost 500,000 barrels. The Middle East contributed with 500,000 barrels. As we came into or finished off 2024, Asia is importing 23 million barrels. It's interesting to see that that growth in that two-year period has predominantly come from Russia and Iran.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

This is obviously oil that is not available to a compliant ship owner, to the Frontline fleet, or to, and it's basically benefited the growth of this dark trade. A reversal of this trading pattern would be hugely beneficial for the markets we operate in and would further change the trade lanes back to the more normal. Russians stay local where it's supposed to go, and the Atlantic Basin replaces the lack of Russian oil going long east. So let's move to page 11 and look at the order books. We have actually added a column here, which we call OFAC. And it's quite interesting. So basically, you get to measure how many ships are actually on the OFAC list.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

I tell you, people say kind of casually, "Well, this ship is on an OFAC list," or "This company is on an OFAC list." Well, you don't want to be on an OFAC list. It basically gives the U.S. free card to go and grab your money. If you have a U.S.-dominated account, they can just go and take it. And people don't necessarily want to have that hanging over them. But basically, the VLCC fleet now is estimated to be around 884 vessels. 40% of that is above 15 years, and 18% is above 20 years. Order book stands at 9.8% of the existing fleet. And there's 100 or very close to 100 ships on the OFAC list. Suezmax, again, the fleet is 614 vessels. 44.3% of those vessels are above 15. This is why I previously mentioned that the overall average age of the fleet is 13.7.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

It starts to kind of make sense. You got 21.2% of that fleet above 20 years currently, and order book stands at 97 or 15.8, and then we have the LR2 and the Aframax. On the LR2 side, as we mentioned before, the order book looks very chunky, but then again, with the modest Aframax order book and the way these kind of interact and the way they trade or switch between clean and dirty, we're not about that order book either. It's quite interesting to see that 60% of the Aframax fleet is about 15 years and 30% is about 20 years currently. That kind of puts some perspective into that, on first glance, looking quite a chunky order book, so let's move to slide 12 and see if we can sum it up.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

I put a headline up here called "Pending Bull Market." I know that investors and ourselves, of course, would like kind of any action happening out on a headline or in the political world to quickly translate into $100,000 per day on VLCCs. Regretfully, that's not always the way it happens. It kind of takes a bit of time. Oil supply and demand, we argue, remain stable, but trade patterns are being challenged. We see that demand for compliant tonnage is growing. We see key Asian importers seeking other supply, predominantly then West Africa, Brazil, and to some extent the U.S. The effective tanker fleet growth will remain muted also for 2025, especially if you consider the aging of the fleet. Right now, policy changes create more questions than answers, and outcomes are difficult to analyze. We admit that.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

World oil trade, and this is an interesting kind of discussion to have, but the world oil trade is now serviced by the oldest fleet in more than two decades. Frontline, we retain our material upside with our modern spot-exposed fleet. And with that, we open up for questions.

Operator

Thank you, dear participants. As a reminder, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone keypad and wait for a name to be announced. To withdraw a question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by. We'll compile the Q&A roster. It will take a few moments. Once again, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 11. And now we're going to take our first question. And it comes from the line of Jonathan Chappell from Evercore ISI. Your line is open. Please ask your question.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Analyst at Evercore ISI

Thank you. Good afternoon.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Analyst at Evercore ISI

Lars, I hate to ask a somewhat open-ended question. I understand that there's a lot of moving parts and no one really knows the outcomes, which you said at the start. And then you gave us a super thorough different set of all the different moving parts geopolitically. But instead of kind of speculating on what could happen, maybe you can just kind of catch us up on what has happened. All of these events have come out. Some of them are headlines. Some of them are real as far as sanctions are concerned. We saw a spike in the market as soon as the Chinese sanctions were announced. It seems to have pulled back since then. Has there been real change in chartering?

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Analyst at Evercore ISI

Have you seen a reluctance to use ships that may be on sanctions lists that you feel that some of these moves have real teeth to them and could be sustainable in the market?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yes. I think it's a short answer. Kind of with the game changer was the Shandong Province kind of message. That created a huge spike in Aframaxes that were willing to lift Russian barrels out of, and were not OFAC-listed, to lift oil out of the ESPO crude coming out kind of northeast of Russia. For those vessels that were willing to do that trade, they saw rates north of $500,000 per day for a short period of time. We have seen Iranian crude backing up. So basically, Iranian crude is now being exported to Malaysia, staying there instead of being rebranded and going elsewhere.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

So I actually don't have the number right here with me. But we've seen this is 30 million barrels per day of Iranian. We last saw 25-30 million barrels of Iranian oil sitting on ships in that area, which is normally the Southeast region for this material. We also seen a very kind of big move, particularly around the Middle East trade or also West Africa, of course, where it's Western charterers, that chartering vessels, but it's basically for selling compliant oil into the Asian refineries. And this has been a complete step move or step change. But then again, like it is in our industry, this moves in waves. We've seen rates appreciate, then pull back and appreciate again, pulling back. We hope that we are in some sort of pattern that will kind of grind northbound gradually.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

I think kind of the overall complex is too big, and also the market has become a bit more efficient over the years with everybody and their mother having AIS and ability to track and whatnot. So basically, well, regretfully for us, you avoid these panic moves where rates move to $100,000 per day in an instant, and it's more like kind of a steady grind until sentiment and the realization of the change kind of comes into play. But I would say yes, that we have seen material changes, and also, mind you, we also sense much larger interest from Russian or Russian trade enablers to buy older tonnage, particularly so on the Aframax side.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Analyst at Evercore ISI

Okay. That's very helpful. Second question is just two areas of clarification for Inger. On the PowerPoint presentation and the break-evens, you said two dry docks for VLCCs and one for Suezmax.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Senior Managing Director at Evercore ISI

Is that it for the year? Just three ships? And then the other thing is yep, yep. Okay. And then

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

the other thing is the. That's the only thing for 2025. Yeah.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Senior Managing Director at Evercore ISI

Okay. Great. And then the other one is the administrative expenses. Obviously, it was kind of inflated, it looks like, in 2023 and the first half of 2024, took a step down in 3Q, took a massive step down in 4Q. $1.7 million, I think that's the lowest quarterly number in history. Can you just give us a sense for what administrative expenses may look like on a more normalized basis for 2025 and going forward?

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. So this quarter, you saw that the admin expenses was $1.7 million recorded. And the reason for that was that we recorded a gain on our synthetic option program.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

It's a kind of revaluation gain that you have to do in the balance sheet, which we then adjusted away from the results this quarter due to that the program has fully vested during the quarter. And that cost was about $8 million. So if you add that back to the $1.7, you will come to about close to $10 million. So a normalized G&A going forward would be about $9-$10 million a quarter.

Jonathan Chappell
Jonathan Chappell
Analyst at Evercore ISI

Great. Thanks, Inger. Thanks, Lars.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Thank you, Jonathan.

Operator

Thank you. Now we're going to take our next question. Just give us a moment. And the question comes to the line of Omar Nokta from Jefferies. Your line is open. Please ask your question.

Omar Nokta
Omar Nokta
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

Thank you. Hey, Lars and Inger. I appreciate the comments. And as Jonathan said, it was a nice thorough kind of deep dive into kind of the macro landscape.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

It seems that the floodgates at some point are there to be opened. Did have maybe just a couple of maybe Frontline-specific questions. Maybe just first, as we look at the 1Q figures, they're decent and above what the final 4Q numbers were. We know that discharge accounting, as you were saying earlier in the call, maybe overstates it a bit due to the end quarter ballast days. I guess just on the final portion, you have 80% of the VLCCs booked, 77% of the Suezmaxes, and 64% for the LR2s. Just on that, what portion can we assume for the remainder of the quarter is going to be basically ballast and non-earning?

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

I think it's difficult in a way to be absolutely precise on what will be the remaining part of the quarter. We don't really know in a way. Sorry to say.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

But I guess what you can do in a way is that if you look at the historic pattern of what we come in at as actual compared to what we guide at for the quarter, that can be a rule of thumb in a way for this quarter as well, if you get what I mean.

Omar Nokta
Omar Nokta
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

Okay. Yeah. So it seems perhaps then that maybe the final portion of the VLCCs are probably all zero, but then there's a bit more on the Suezmax and LR2s.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. Because if you look at, let's say, usually what we have as actual rates compared to what we guide for that quarter for VLCCs, for instance, is probably around 80%-85% of the guiding in a way. That's more or less where we end in a way. It can vary a bit.

Inger Klemp
Inger Klemp
CFO at Frontline Management AS

That's why I'm saying 80%-85%, depending upon how large portion you have covered in the guidance that you're giving in a way. Because the guidance that we give now is for 80% covered, while for the previous quarter, I think we had 70-something%. So it really matters in a way how many days you have covered in your guidance. Then obviously, the reduction is less for the rest of the quarter in a way if you have a high percentage coverage in a way. If you see what I mean.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Well, also, Omar, to make it further complicated, it does actually get affected by the trading patterns at the time. Some quarters, we do a lot of long voyages on particularly the VLCCs.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Then obviously, since we account for load-to-discharge and for those listening in not understanding that, is that we can only account for income being generated after the ship has loaded. So it means that the ballast leg will virtually be zero. And if you put a large portion of your fleet into kind of China to U.S. Gulf trading, then suddenly these ballast legs become quite material. And for the Suezmax as well, those trading patterns change quite a lot from month to month. LR2, Aframax are predominantly shorter voyages. So that has a tendency to be more stable.

Omar Nokta
Omar Nokta
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

Yeah. Okay. I appreciate you explaining it. No, that's helpful. And then just second question, just following up, we noticed a bit of a widespread between the Frontline ships and the Euronav vessels. It was over $11,000 per day this quarter.

Omar Nokta
Omar Nokta
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

They had converged to much closer levels the prior two quarters. What drove that separation?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Well, we try to trade our vessels kind of the best way we think they're going to move. What happened was in Q4, we were just as bullish as investors and people around us expecting a spike towards the end of the quarter. Then in order to commit to these long voyages, Brazil East, U.S. Gulf East, North Sea East, you'd rather do that on an Eco scrubber-fitted vessel that gives you the best bang for the buck for these long voyages. And then you keep the non-scrubber vessels in the Middle East for these 42-46 day voyages where you can capture a lot more of a spike. This obviously proved wrong, but this explains a large part of that spread.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

I think it's also important to note that there is a limit to the amount of cargoes you can kind of take out of the U.S. Gulf. Frontline is probably one of the largest lifters of U.S. crude. We're also amongst the top tiers on the Brazilian crude. But with a 41-vessel fleet on the VLCC, we're actually taking out kind of probably as big market share as we can get. But what I said initially is why this spread wide. And we basically tried to keep the powder dry for an upswing towards the end of the quarter. This never came about. Got it.

Omar Nokta
Omar Nokta
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

Thank you. I appreciate that, Lars and Inger. Thank you.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Thank you, Omar.

Operator

Thank you. Dear participants, as a reminder, if you wish to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone keypad. And now we're going to take our next question.

Operator

And the question comes to the line of Sherif Elmaghrabi from BTIG. Your line is open. Please ask your question.

Sherif Elmaghrabi
Analyst at BTIG, LLC

Hi. Joining late. So I apologize if this has been asked before, but you built up a pretty substantial amount of dry powder. But a chunk of the fleet is aging out. Meanwhile, the order book or new build deliveries are happening kind of at a slow rate, which combined, you might say, speaks to an increasing scarcity of sale and purchase activity. So are there any other ways you see that you can deploy capital if opportunities for on-the-water tonnage dry up?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Not really at this moment, to be quite honest. We still want this conviction. Why our order book is empty is basically because we want to see the proof in the pudding. We have conviction, but we haven't seen the proof in the pudding yet.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Resale and new building prices have not really corrected in any kind of way. Kind of the capacity that's out there has been engaged by container orders and other asset classes, particularly accelerating in the second half of last year. So facing a $125 million ticket for a new VLCC, we need consistently $50,000-$55,000 per day for 20 years in order to have any sensible return. And we'd rather see $50,000 plus miles before we get the confidence to make that investment. So that's why we decided to basically hand the little money we have, or not little actually, we do churn out a fair bit on dividends, hand it to you as an investor, and then you could choose to reinvest and deploy it either in Frontline or elsewhere. Thanks.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

And then because you touched on it, when it comes to new build ordering, if and when that happens, does blacklisting and sanction activity by the U.S. on Chinese yards do anything to constrain where you'd consider new builds or not really? I think it's a bit too early to, if you read the headlines, I would obviously not even consider ordering a Chinese vessel right now. Not that we are. But so I think kind of for the market in general, it probably puts everything a bit on the wait until we get some clarity on what the outcome will eventually be. We do question whether this is at all possible. So kind of building capacity is an issue for the globe. Kind of the amount of goods and material and energy that transports or that sails on the seven seas is a material part of a global economy.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

We know that Japan is kind of losing its ability to effectively or efficiently build ships. Korea has become a high-cost building country. China are the only ones that offer kind of capacity. It's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. We're basically sit and watch mode.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Lars, thanks for taking my questions. Thank you.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Thank you. Now we're going to take our next question. The question comes to the line of Deven Sangoi from Tyche Capital Advisors. Your line is open. Please ask your question.

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

Hi, Lars. I just want to ask you, as the environment becomes very volatile, what's the strategy you'll use to do forward booking or what's the strategy? Because you mentioned that you expected something in Q4 and the market behaved completely differently.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

No, this is the challenge you have as a ship owner, is that the market we move in is not efficient, you could say. So it's not you don't have all information in front of you when you make decisions. Why we had the belief that you would get the spur of activity towards the end of Q4 is basically years of seasonality patterns, and it has to do with kind of the cold season normally in the Northern Hemisphere where most people live, but there is no kind of specific strategy I could mention to you. The ability we have is to try and tilt our fleet from doing very long distances to short distances. We'll obviously want to do the long distances in a high-paying market.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

In a struggling or a market that's challenged, we would rather just go the shortest way to have the opportunity to refix at a higher level. But there is no more science behind it than that. What we are not engaging in, so this is actually a very good question, is taking time charter coverage here. We believe that we're better off keeping our vessels in the spot market in the current market environment. We would increase our time charter coverage materially if we came to a situation where the market was willing to pay us kind of what we feel is a reasonable return on equity. We don't think that is the case right now. So in that strategy discussion, one is how we conduct our spot business, which was the question I answered earlier on Q4.

Devin Sangoi
Analyst at TEJ Investments

The other one is obviously how we act in taking cover. Lars, the second thing is how the U.S. president is supporting Russia.

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

If there is a truce between them and the sanctions on Russia lift, does that mean that more oil can flow through, or I would say the dark fleet will be taking tonnage reduction?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. If I got your question correctly, so if sanctions are lifted on Russia, we think we would reverse.

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

Does that mean that the compliant fleet will have a higher market share?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. Well, kind of what we envision is that about half of the fleet currently servicing the Russian market will probably become compliant and still be there. But the market dynamics would be that Russian oil would stay local. Russian oil, its natural home is in Europe.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

That will kind of alter or reverse the trading patterns to Russia oil going into Europe and some to the U.S. and Latin America. And then the rest of the Atlantic Basin oils would revert to going into the East. And that's long-term, Lars. So we think it could be temporarily negative for Aframax and Suezmax, but you need to look at the age profile of this fleet. But for the VLCCs, it's natural to think that it would be beneficial.

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

Okay. And indeed, Trump 1.0, he made sure that the Iran exports were reduced to close to less than a million barrels or 100,000 tons per day. If that has to go through again in Trump 2.0, then how does it impact the demand for VLCCs or how does it change the dynamics?

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

You're saying if Iranian oil is sanctioned or if the export is just reduced?

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

No, no. So the export is reduced because I think in Trump 1.0, they made sure that there's no export, more or less, hardly anything.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. No. So kind of second half last year, Iran represented about 10%-15% of Chinese oil imports. So China would then need to replace that crude. And that would likely be compliant crude, I would assume, from OPEC or Middle East. But that oil would have to be transported on compliant vessels. So there would actually be an incremental demand for somewhere between 30 and 45 VLCCs on an annual basis. So that would be very beneficial dominantly for VLCCs, I would assume. But you have seen that happening, or is it still in the transit? We've seen it happening to some degree.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

But basically, the interesting thing to watch is that you see Iranian and Russian and Venezuelan export hasn't really tapered off quickly here. But if you look at the other side of the equation and look at the imports of Iranian, Russian, and Venezuelan crude, that has fallen quite dramatically, actually.

Analyst at Tyche Capital Advisors, LLC.

Okay. Thanks, Lars. Pleasure talking to you.

Operator

Thank you. Thank you. There are no further speakers. There are no further questions for today. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker, Lars Barstad, for any closing remarks.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

Yeah. Thank you very much. And thank you very much for calling in. Well, extremely exciting times. I'd like to reiterate that at Frontline, we continue to fix ships every day. It's actually a quite well-functioning tanker market out there, despite all the noise.

Lars Barstad
Lars Barstad
CEO at Frontline Management AS

We're obviously excited to see how these outcomes play out, but it's extremely difficult to analyze and put a lot of value in it. Thank you.

Operator

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now all disconnect. Have a nice day.

Executives
    • Lars Barstad
      Lars Barstad
      CEO
    • Inger Klemp
      Inger Klemp
      CFO
Analysts
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