BOK Financial Q1 2025 Earnings Report

BOK Financial EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $1.86
• Consensus EPS: $2.01
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.15
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

BOK Financial Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $500.37 million
• Expected Revenue: $520.86 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$20.49 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

BOK Financial Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2025
• Date: 4/21/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Tuesday, April 22, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 1:00PM ET

BOK Financial (NASDAQ:BOKF) (NASDAQ:BOKF) is a financial services holding company headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Through its banking and financial services businesses, the company serves commercial, small-business and individual customers across the United States, with a primary presence in Oklahoma and selected markets in Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri.

The company’s banking operations are conducted primarily through Bank of Oklahoma, Bank of Texas and other regional banking brands. These businesses provide deposit accounts, commercial and consumer lending, mortgages, treasury management, cash management and other traditional banking services. BOK Financial also offers electronic payments and transaction-processing services through TransFund.

Additional businesses provide wealth management, trust and investment advisory services, institutional investment management, investment banking and securities brokerage. BOK Financial’s history is rooted in Bank of Oklahoma, which traces its origins to 1910. Its broad product range allows the company to support businesses, institutions and individuals with banking, capital markets and wealth-management needs.

BOK Financial Q1 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• $119.8 M net earnings (EPS $1.86) in Q1 with TCE at 9.5%, CET1 at 13.3%, and a low 62% loan-to-deposit ratio.
• Net interest income rose for a third consecutive quarter with NIM up 3 bps and a total liability beta of 74%.
• Trading fee income fell ~38% QoQ as MBS trading volumes and spreads compressed, partially offset by revenue shifting into NII.
• Total loans contracted in Q1: energy down 12.1% and healthcare down 4.5%, while commercial real estate grew 2.1%.
• BOK will launch mortgage finance and warehouse lending in Sep–Oct to expand relationships with over 500 independent mortgage originators.

Presentation

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Welcome to BOK Financial Corporation's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question at this time, simply press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, press star one again. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the presentation over to Heather King, Director of Investor Relations for BOK Financial Corporation. Please proceed.

[Heather King, Director of Investor Relations at BOK Financial Corporation]

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining our discussion of BOK Financial's First Quarter 2025 financial results. Our CEO, Stacy Kymes, will provide opening comments and cover our loan portfolio and related credit metrics. Scott Grauer, Executive Vice President of Wealth Management, will cover our fee-based results. Our CFO, Marty Grunst, will then discuss financial performance for the quarter and our forward guidance. Slide presentation and press release are available on our website at BOKF.com. We refer you to the disclaimers on Slide 2 regarding any forward-looking statements made during this call. I'll now turn the call over to Stacy Kymes, who will begin on Slide 4.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thank you, Heather. We appreciate you joining the call this afternoon. We are pleased to report earnings of $119.8 million, or EPS of $1.86 per diluted share for the first quarter. At BOK Financial, we've worked hard over the years to build a reputation as a strong, stable, and growing financial services provider. In today's volatile market environment, the stability of our franchise is apparent. We have a consistent risk management framework built to weather many different economic and market cycles. Our capital levels remain strong and, in fact, improved yet again this quarter, with TCE reaching 9.5% and CET1 reaching 13.3%. These strong capital levels not only help insulate us from market disruptions, but also allow us to confidently and strategically plan for future growth. Another insulator is our liquidity position. At 62%, our loan-to-deposit ratio is one of the lowest in our peer group.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Additionally, part of our stability story is a disciplined approach to credit that doesn't change over cycles. That consistency has driven solid performance in our loan portfolio with low criticized classified levels, and a combined allowance at a healthy 1.4% of outstanding loans. Our long-term credit performance of 26 basis points of charge-offs is peer-leading, and we believe in our ability to continue outperforming the market in this area. Commercial real estate is another area that can be sensitive to market conditions. Our CRE concentration is currently well below limits, which, at a 185% limit on Tier 1 capital plus reserves, in itself is low compared to peers. Our financial performance this quarter reflects our ability to navigate through times of extraordinary market volatility. Despite recent market disruptions and geopolitical events, our diverse business model has performed well.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Our strategy at BOK Financial is to produce long-term, sustainable value for our shareholders, and we base our decisions on that strategy. While we may see fluctuating results in some of our business lines during unstable conditions, as we did this quarter, these businesses are built for long-term success. During the quarter, net interest income was strong, and we continue to see net interest margin expansion for the third quarter in a row as we recognize the down-rate deposit beta with continued lower repricing. We are already showing a total liability beta of 74%, which is one of the highest in our peer group. The lack of clarity and volatility in the financial markets impacted our fee income, specifically in our trading business.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Trading fees in January were in line with our expectations, but trading volumes and spread were compressed during February and March as uncertainty in the markets slowed fixed income trading. However, as we mentioned last quarter, we expected a mixed shift in trading revenue to net interest income as the yield curve steepened, and we saw that come to fruition in Q1. With some of our fee income decline, we captured in net interest income growth. Scott will talk more about this in his commentary. Consistent with the rest of the industry, loan growth in the first quarter has been challenging. As you can see on Slide 6, we experienced contraction in our loan portfolio, mainly driven by pullback in our energy book. Excluding energy, our total loan portfolio was relatively consistent with prior quarter. Loan balances in the energy business decreased 12.1% in the quarter.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Our appetite for adding new energy transactions is unchanged, and we're proactive in supporting our customers in this space. Over the last few quarters, the energy industry has been consolidating, which has generated payoffs in the portfolio. We expect these balances will rebound over time as the market adjusts. Our Core C&I loan portfolio, which represents our combined services and general business portfolios, was relatively stable late quarter, contracting only 0.7%. On a year-over-year basis, these portfolios are still showing positive results, growing 4.2%. Our healthcare business loans decreased 4.5% late quarter. We set a new record for healthcare commitment production in Q1. However, payoff levels have remained elevated relative to historical standards and more than offset the increased outstandings. Payoff activity is a normal component of this business and was driven by increases in asset sales by sponsors and refinancing into non-bank, long-term, non-recourse loan options.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

We expect payoff activity, especially related to refinances, to moderate and pipelines to remain robust. Our commercial real estate business increased 2.1% quarter over quarter, with the majority of the growth coming from multifamily housing and industrial projects. We are starting to see the loans that we originated in 2024 fund up as they move through the construction phase, as we've signaled the past couple of quarters. We expect to see further growth in outstandings in the second half of the year. As I mentioned last quarter, we are expanding into the mortgage finance and warehouse lending business. This initiative is progressing nicely with the system implementation well underway and the talent already in place. This lays the foundation for a launch of this new line of business in the September to October timeframe.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

This won't be a monoline offering, and we believe that this will unlock value across our existing lines of business and allow us to better support and engage with the more than 500 independent mortgage originators that we do business with today. Transitioning to Slide 7, credit quality remains exceptional across the loan portfolio. This isn't a new story for us. We've consistently shown peer-leading credit outcomes over the last 30 years across good and challenging market cycles. Non-performing assets not guaranteed by the U.S. government increased $36 million to $79 million. However, this is coming off the lowest levels in the last 20 years and remains exceptionally low. The resulting non-performing assets, to period-end loans and repossessed assets, increased 15 basis points to 33 basis points. Committed criticized assets also remain very low relative to historical standards.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

In addition, we had minimal net charge-offs of $1.1 million during the quarter, and net charge-offs have averaged 4 basis points over the last 12 months. We expect net charge-offs to remain below historical norms in the future. Our combined allowance for credit losses is $331 million, or 1.4% of outstanding loans, which is a healthy reserve level. Overall, I'm pleased with the results this quarter. We are focused on people and process. Our exceptional team demonstrates the grit and determination it takes to succeed in a very dynamic and fast-changing market. We continue to add revenue-generating team members, and our sales process continues to produce opportunities for us going forward. I will now turn the call over to Scott.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thank you, Stacy. Turning to our operating results for the quarter on Slides 9 and 10, total fee income decreased $22.8 million on a late quarter basis, contributing $184.1 million to revenue. As Stacy mentioned, market volatility resulting from uncertainty surrounding U.S. domestic and foreign policy affected our trading business this quarter, but this business is designed to produce solid long-term results. To give you a sense of the composition of our trading portfolio, more than 97% is residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies. Even in more challenging environments, the credit quality of this portfolio is high and comes with limited basis risk. This quarter, you started to see the transition from fee income to the trading-related net interest income that we discussed in our last call. During the quarter, total trading revenue was $23.3 million, which was down from $37.7 million the prior quarter.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

$10.6 million of fee revenue shifted from fees to net interest income as the yield curve steepened. The remainder of the decline in trading revenue reflects lower MBS trading volumes and tightened spreads as client demand was muted toward the end of the first quarter. We also experienced seasonally weaker pipelines in our municipal desk. We provided a table on Slide 9 to allow you to see this dynamic. Mortgage banking revenue grew $1.7 million linked quarter, coming in at $19.8 million, driven by higher mortgage production as client demand begins to increase and inventory constraints ease slightly. Turning to Slide 10, our asset management and transactions businesses were very consistent with the prior quarter, contributing $133.2 million in revenue. Importantly, there is diversification within this portfolio, with 43% fixed income, 34% equities, 15% cash, and the remainder in alternatives.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

AUMA decreased $659 million linked quarter, reflecting the volatile market conditions during Q1. Now I'll hand the call over to Marty to cover the financials.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thank you, Scott. Turning to Slide 12, net interest income was up $3.2 million, and headline net interest margin expanded 3 basis points, reflecting growth in trading-related net interest income. Core net interest margin, excluding trading, decreased 4 basis points and was driven by several factors. The securities and fixed-rate loan portfolios continued to reinvest cash flows at higher current market yields. The upward repricing in the securities portfolio was dampened this quarter from lower accretion of purchase discount. Non-interest-bearing DDA balances declined slightly, coming off seasonal highs of Q4. While these balances were sequentially lower, both the average balance and the trends within the quarter were aligned with our expectations. Loan fees declined during the quarter after being elevated for the prior two quarters, which negatively impacted effective loan yields. Loan fees are now in line with their typical historical and seasonal patterns.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Loan spreads were pressured due to a mixed shift within the loan portfolio, with higher-spread energy loans being replaced with narrower-spread core C&I loans. Of course, the lower day count impacted Q1 versus Q4. Each of these factors vary in terms of their predictability and stability of trends. Fixed-rate asset repricing has clear drivers and an established supportive trend. DDA mixed shift seems to have largely run its course, and normal seasonality and customer usage variability have been more visible lately. Over time, we have demonstrated the ability to generate very good loan growth in our specialty lines of business, and we believe that represents future loan yield opportunity. Turning to Slide 13, total expenses were consistent with prior quarter. Personnel expenses grew $3.5 million, largely driven by annual merit increases in the first quarter.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Seasonally higher employee benefits costs, driven by payroll taxes, were offset by lower incentive compensation costs resulting from reduced trading activity. Non-personnel expense decreased $3.6 million, led by a reduction in mortgage banking costs. Slide 14 provides an update on our outlook for full year 2025. Loan balance projections reflect continued fund-up activity on construction loans in the CRE portfolio, continued growth in core C&I, and the successful launch of our mortgage finance business later in the year. We recognize the economic policy uncertainty adds some risk to this guidance. Our net interest income expectations remain unchanged. This assumes two 25 basis point rate cuts with a small amount of upside should additional cuts materialize. I will note that trading-related net interest income will be impacted by rate levels and curve steepness, which would largely be offset by trading-related fee income.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

We widened the range of our guidance for fees and commissions given the impact of economic and market uncertainty on activity within our fixed-income trading business. Lastly, on credit, non-performing assets are remarkably low, and portfolio credit quality is very strong, all of which supports our expectation that charge-offs will remain well controlled for the foreseeable future. With that, I would like to hand the call back to the operator for Q&A, which will be followed by closing remarks from Stacy.

[Operator]

We will now begin the question and answer session. In order to ask a question, simply press star, followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. I'll pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Jared Shaw with Barclays. Jared, please go ahead.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays]

Hi, thanks a lot. Good afternoon.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Hey, Jared, welcome.

[Jared Shaw, Analyst at Barclays]

Thanks. Good to be back on the call. Maybe just first, looking at the dynamic with trading income and the trading fees versus the NII, when you look at total trading revenue still down, is all of that $14 million roughly due to the lower volume, as you said? At some point, I guess, what's a normalized level, would you say, for total trading revenue? Is it closer to what we have this quarter, or should we expect to see that start to trend higher?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah, Jared, the short answer to your first question is yes. That was just all volume-driven. There's nothing else within there. Yes, we do expect to see trends come back. It's certainly market-dependent, but our view is that that trend's back up here over the second quarter in the trading business. As a matter of fact, the first few weeks of the quarter, we've seen some rebound activity there, so that gives us some confidence about how that trend's going forward.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Jared, this is Scott. I would add that, as Stacy mentioned early in the call, we actually, on our trading activity, specifically in the mortgage-backed securities, started the year very solid out of the gate. Our January was in line and actually growing versus our previous results in 2024. As the economic and trade uncertainties, I'll call them, were introduced into the market in both February and kind of climaxed in March, that activity suffered significantly. As you look forward into April, we believe that where we started the year and where we expected that activity to be absent, that significant uncertainty is reasonable.

[Jared Shaw, Analyst at Barclays]

Okay. All right. That's good color. Thanks. Looking at the pressure on balances in energy and healthcare, is that dynamic continuing through second? Should we assume that that's just sort of a, in this current environment, that that's going to be a consistent pressure? Going back to the loan yields, should we think that incremental loan yields are under pressure from here?

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

You know, I don't think so. I think calling the absolute bottom on the energy loans is difficult, but I think we feel pretty confident that if we're not there, we're close to there. I don't think that's going to be a headwind for us to the extent it has been the last two quarters going forward. Actually, if you look, it's always dangerous to talk about April results, but we're up in all categories, really, in April across the board. Early trends there are very positive. With respect to both healthcare and energy, I don't think you're going to see the headwind there in the next three quarters like you saw in the last two quarters.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

It is a difficult one for us to forecast with great accuracy as well, just given the market dynamics and what the shape of the curve is at any point in time. Particularly in the M&A space, mergers and acquisitions have played a significant role there. We do see that slowing down a bit, which is part of the optimism about the lack of headwind going forward.

[Jared Shaw, Analyst at Barclays]

Okay. All right. Great. Just finally for me, when we look at the provision guide with sort of the dynamic of the loan growth guide, should we assume that you're going to be growing the ACL as a ratio over the course of the year? I guess, what are some of the dynamics you're using in terms of qualitative overlay and potentially a more risk or a more adverse scenario?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Jared, we would not expect to need to grow the coverage ratio over the course of the year. If you look at how we closed out the first quarter, the increase that we saw in credit quality on our portfolio combined with where the actual balance levels came. When we ran our reserve calc, it actually suggested that we could do a reserve release. However, when we looked at current circumstances, that just did not make any sense to us. We obviously provided at zero, but that just gives you a sense for the fact that there is some judgmental addition in there on top of what it would normally be.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays]

Great. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Jon Arfstrom with RBC Capital Markets. John, please go ahead.

[John Armstrong, Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Thanks. Good afternoon.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Hey.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Hello, John.

[John Armstrong, Equity Research Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Hey.

[John Armstrong, Equity Research Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Just I wanted to ask a little bit about the loan growth outlook, but can you give us an update as to what you're hearing on pipelines in general? Then Stacy, maybe give us an update on the expected size of the mortgage finance business maybe by the end of the year.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Pipelines are good. We actually track our pipelines through Salesforce. Marty and I review those every month, and those are very strong. I think that the color that's hard to weave into that is how will borrower uncertainty play out? Will the deal that they've agreed to, will they go ahead and close that in the face of a less certain economic environment? I think that's the piece that's hard for us to put our finger on exactly. I think when Marty alluded to the loan growth guidance, acknowledged that there's some uncertainty around that, but based on what we know today, we still feel confident in that. I'm not worried about the pipelines. I feel really good about where we're at there and how we're building those and how we're growing those.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

The piece that's the wild card that we can't really discern well is how will the borrower response be? Will they advance on the line of credit? Will they go ahead with the new piece of equipment or whatever is driving the capital need? I think that's a harder one for us to deal with with great certainty today because as we've learned, what are the conditions today? They could be very different tomorrow. We are very hesitant to kind of extrapolate kind of what happens in late first quarter, early second quarter, and say, "That's going to be the conditions for the rest of the year." It's likely to change in some way, shape, or form. We felt more comfortable kind of sticking with what we knew, which was the pipelines that we have.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

On the mortgage warehouse side, I'm not ready to give volume estimates there yet when we haven't even made our first loan, but it did give us confidence to reaffirm the kind of point-to-point loan guidance we provided in our forward-looking guidance. We still feel very good about that and, frankly, are excited about the team that we've put on board as well as their ability to attract business. Like we said, this fits so well with the rest of our businesses. We have the core mortgage business. We've got the mortgage hedging, the pipeline hedging. We've got the structured finance business. Now we're going to have the warehouse business here as well. It really integrates well into the 500-+ mortgage finance companies that are already our customers today. That's not going to just be about loans.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

It's also going to be about deposits as well. We are probably more excited about that than we were even 90 days ago. It just helps us feel more confident in believing that we'll achieve our point-to-point loan guidance that we provided.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

John, just to be clear, we've got leadership in place. We've got operations folks, credit folks, and producers all in place today. We have everything we need to begin.

[John Armstrong, Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Okay. Good. That's helpful. And then just Scott, one follow-up for you. That trading NII line, is that unusual? I mean, it looks like it's a big jump, but at the same time, you guys are flagging maybe a steeper curve as a driver.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yes. That is why that mix shift as we the curves returned to steepness and an actual yield curve last year, why we talked about that in the fourth quarter in particular. As we do have steepness to the curve, that is a more traditional mix of the revenues as opposed to the flat or inverted curve we experienced for 24-26 months. We do not expect that to be a one-time occurrence. We think that mix between fees and NII are more reflective of that business in a normal-shaped curve.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. John, as Marty, I would add on the bottom of page nine on the slides, to understand the trends in the business, it's better to look at that total trading revenue line at the very bottom. That gives you a much more muted level of change there. That is really the insightful way to think about the trends in that business unit.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Recognizing that our trading business is largely MBS in that category and then municipal. There is no equities increased volume due to chaotic markets offset to that. Ours is going to reflect that curve and the MBS activity overall, most predominantly.

[John Armstrong, Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Yeah. Okay. Yeah. I was just curious if we get a couple of cuts and we have a steeper curve, if in aggregate, those numbers can move higher. That's kind of.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

They can.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. You could see that shift go even further if what you just described laid out, but the total revenue of the business would remain unaffected.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Historically, when we had that steeper curve, more traditional curve prior to the flattening and inversion, that was the composition of our business. It was more predominantly NII than fees than where it is at the end of this quarter.

[John Armstrong, Analyst at Jon Arfstrom]

Okay. Okay. Very helpful. Thanks, guys.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Peter Winter with D.A. Davidson. Peter, please go ahead.

[Peter Winter, Managing Director at D.A]

Thanks. Good afternoon. I just had two questions. Just digging a little bit deeper into the outlook. First, you did not lower the expense forecast given somewhat of a weaker fee income outlook, but can you talk about your flexibility to manage expenses if revenues come in weaker?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. We've got a little bit of flexibility in kind of a couple of different areas. Number one, as you know, Peter, you've got a couple of lines where the compensation is heavily variable. Both in the trading and investment banking and mortgage areas, that'll just naturally ebb and flow with the revenue streams. Number two, we're always looking for efficiencies throughout our business. That's just a constant look for us. That's something that we can find more things from time to time. Third, most of our expense growth is really about strategic initiatives and investments in our future, whether that's technology, etc. By and large, those are decisions that we make thinking through a long-term lens. We're convicted about doing and largely make those on their merits.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

If the world changes and IRRs for those investments change as a result, that's something you might delay just based on the economics of it. Something might be worth doing later. Largely, those are made through the lens of the decision that the long-term returns of that investment. That kind of gives you a sense for how we think about the expense base.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Let me clarify, Peter. I think really two things. One, obviously on the trading revenue side, there's a lot of variability with that expense to the extent that the revenue's there. The expenses will be there. To the extent that it's not, then that associated expense will decline. I think I would be careful to characterize softness in fee revenue. I think softness in trading revenue. If you look at mortgage banking, yep, year over year, 4.5%. Hedging fees up 33% year over year. Brokerage fees up 6% year over year. Fiduciary and asset management fees up 10% year over year. Transaction card up over 6% year over year. The core fee businesses are humming. You're really talking about one category, trading fees, that were soft this quarter. They were soft because of a really difficult macro environment.

[Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management at BOK Financial Corporation]

From my perspective in trading, the risks were very asymmetric this quarter. I am really proud of the team and how we worked through that in the manner that we did with spreads moving wider and then contracting and moving in ways that are not historical norms with treasuries. Our risk management team did a fantastic job keeping that portfolio well hedged and managing through that in a very positive way. The trading revenue was clearly volatile and underperformed. There is no doubt about that. The rest of the fee businesses are really performing well. I am very proud of that. I do not want that to get lost in the noise of the trading revenue.

[Peter Winter, Analyst at D.A]

No, I appreciate that, color. Just can you talk maybe about the outlook for deposit growth and talk about maybe further opportunities to lower deposit costs and funding costs if the Fed does not cut rates and how you think the deposit beta trends from here?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Peter, we're really proud of the activity that we did during the quarter on deposit pricing. We had a 75% deposit beta for Q1, which is a great result. Kudos to our teams for managing that well. I think when you look at it, it's probably smarter to look at the cumulative interest-bearing liability beta. The cumulatives are generally more insightful. Our cumulative interest-bearing beta is 74%, which is right on top of our cycle cumulative up beta, just almost within a percentage point. We're very happy about that. We do think that given the strong loan-to-deposit ratio we have, just really one of the strongest out there, that gives us the ability to continue to work on deposit pricing over time.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

In fact, we did some of that at the end of the first quarter, and we'll see some benefit rolling into Q2 as a result. We'll continue to work on that throughout the course of the year. Yes, you can do some of that without Fed moves. We'll just look at the competitive environment, but it certainly makes it easier if you do get some Fed moves.

[Peter Winter, Managing Director at D.A]

Could you just mention how the outlook on deposit growth?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. We do expect deposits to grow throughout the rest of the year. Given the loan-to-deposit ratio that we have, if we were to turn the dial some on deposit pricing and we saw a different trend line there, that would ultimately be fine for us because of how luxurious that level of loan-to-deposit ratio is. At the end of the day, doing so would be something that would be net interest income accretive.

[Peter Winter, Analyst at D.A]

Got it. Thanks, Marty.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Michael Rose with Raymond James. Michael, please go ahead.

[Michael Rose, Equity Research at Raymond James]

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. Just wanted to start going back to the energy portfolio. Can you just help us better appreciate what's going on with energy prices now and if they were to continue to fall versus what happened during the energy downturn from late 2014 through 2017? I know the percentage is lower. Energy companies are generally operating within cash flows, which is a big difference now versus then. Wouldn't there be some further delevering if energy prices remained under pressure if we did move closer to a recession? Just trying to better appreciate what those balances could look like over time, understanding that it is a bigger proportion for you versus many others. Thanks.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Good question. A lot of differences between 2014 and today. I think the biggest one is leverage.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

I mean, leverage in the core portfolio was probably in excess of three times, somewhere between three and three and a half times. In 2014, today, the leverage in our energy production portfolio is less than one times. That's part of the problem we have getting outstanding is we've had great commitment growth. The team has done a great job there. The borrowers are just not using the leverage today. That singularly is the biggest difference. The other one is hedging as a risk management tool is very different today. In 2014, borrowers were largely underhedged, and that's not an issue today at all. I don't know that lower commodity prices for a short term here are going to have a lot of headwind on energy loans. We do a lot of stress testing.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

We've stressed oil down to $44, which is really the stress point today. Do not see a lot of loss there. That is because of the extensive amount of hedging and the very low leverage. Our average leverage is less than one times on energy production and less than one and a half times on midstream. Those are very low levels of leverage from where we are today.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Very helpful, Stacy. Appreciate it. Maybe one for Marty. Understand that you have to cut space into your forecast. I do not think it is the biggest driver, but can you just give us a sense for if we did assume the forward curve, which I think is around four cuts, or what the impact on NII could be if we did get no cuts?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thanks. Yeah. Either way, it would not make much of a difference and certainly not enough to make us think about changing guidance. Basically, an additional cut or two, it would be a little bit helpful in the later part of the year, but nothing material. By the same token, if we do not get those rate cuts, that would be virtually no impact to revenue.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Now, you'd see a little bit of a different shift between trading fees and trading NII, but total revenue would be basically unchanged.

[Michael Rose, Equity Research at Raymond James]

Got it. Thanks for taking my questions.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from the line of Woody Lay with KBW. Woody, please go ahead.

[Woody Lay, KBW at Vice President]

Hey, thanks for taking my question. Wanted to start with the loan growth guide and just a follow-up there. Was the addition of the mortgage finance vertical, was that embedded in the loan growth guide in the last quarter, or is adding that vertical sort of helping bridge the gap after the loan shrink this quarter?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Woody, we did not have that in the guide we had prior quarter. We just were not far enough along to feel like we wanted to put it in. We did put it in this quarter just given that we have got all the groundwork laid. We feel very confident about where we are. We felt good about putting that in.

[Woody Lay, KBW at Vice President]

Got it. I know you're not ready to sort of guide to where balances could be by the end of the year. I mean, longer term, how do you sort of think about the concentration of mortgage warehouse in the one portfolio?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. I mean, we're not concerned with letting it grow. I mean, we're going to walk before we run here. We understand this portfolio can grow. Frankly, for us, it provides a diversification benefit across the broader portfolio. The risk in mortgage finance is less credit risk and more about operating risk. We like that aspect of it. We like the full relationship that we're going to have both on the depository side and on the hedging side and the structured finance side. For us, it kind of completes the vertical in many respects for us. It has really limited credit risk and then provides strong diversification benefit for the rest of the loan portfolio. We expect to see it grow and be a meaningful number when we're sitting here, say, the end of 2026.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

I expect it to be a meaningful number for BOKF.

[Woody Lay, KBW at Vice President]

Okay. Got it. Last for me, capital remains strong. The stock price has seen a pullback here just alongside the broader market. How do you weigh buybacks in the current tape given all the uncertainty on the macro side?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. As you know, we do have a very strong capital position and are sitting on some excess capital. As we look at the alternatives available to us, we do expect to be active share purchasers in the second quarter.

[Woody Lay, KBW at Vice President]

All right. Thanks for taking my questions.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Our final question comes from the line of Matt Olney with Stephens. Matt, please go ahead.

[Matthew Pauny, Commercial Business Banker at Stephens]

Hey, thanks, guys. Just a few cleanups here. Stacy, you mentioned that energy customers already have lots of hedging on future production. In the past, we've seen increased activity, which is volatility of the commodity prices. It sounds like maybe we should not anticipate this given the existing customers already are fully hedged.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. The customers are well hedged. Because leverage is low, hedge coverage may not be at the same level it was, say, even a year ago. That hedge coverage is like an accordion. It grows as the leverage grows. With leverage less than one times, you're going to have, I think, like 55% of our borrowers are hedged out the next 12 months or so. That may seem a little bit low, but that's because the leverage is so low. We're not requiring the hedging when their leverage is that low. That would grow to the extent that their leverage profile changed as well.

[Matthew Pauny, Commercial Business Banker at Stephens]

I guess asked a different way, Stacy. With lower commodity prices more recently, that may not represent a catalyst to see increased hedging activity for you guys.

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. That's a fair price. We had a really strong hedging activity in the first quarter, hedging quarter in the first quarter. Those guys will opportunistic and they'll dip in and dip out of hedging when they see the opportunities. Obviously, oil is under pressure. This may not be the quarter that people want to hedge more oil. There are other ways they can do that and still have a floor, put a floor in without necessarily having a top end. It can change. You're right. At $60 oil, there's going to be less hedging activity in all likelihood during the second quarter.

[Matthew Pauny, Commercial Business Banker at Stephens]

Okay. Perfect. Marty, another question on the trading interest revenue. I'll ask a little bit differently. I think you disclosed in the press release that the trading activity spread was around 98 basis points in the first quarter. Does the full-year guidance assume that we just maintain these levels around 98 basis points or with the May and September cut, could we see that spread actually improve?

[Martin Grunst, CFO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Yeah. Within the guidance, we expect that the spread improves some as you get those rate cuts later in the year. That's the right way to think about it.

[Matthew Pauny, Commercial Business Banker at Stephens]

Okay. Great. Thank you.

[Operator]

That concludes our question and answer session. I will now hand it over to Stacy for closing remarks. Stacy.

[Stacy Kymes, CEO at BOK Financial Corporation]

Thank you, everyone, for joining our discussion today. Our results this quarter are a testament to the strength and adaptability of our organization and our ability to operate successfully in any market cycle. Our exacting focus on our risk management framework and diverse business model work together and are core to our success. Credit quality remains excellent. We've got a strong loan pipeline and are growing relationships. Net interest income is expanding and our fee income businesses continue to work as designed. We appreciate your interest in BOK Financial and your willingness to spend time with us this afternoon. Please reach out to Heather King if you have any questions at h.king@bokf.com.

[Operator]

That concludes our conference call. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Scott Grauer, EVP of Wealth Management
• Heather King, Director of Investor Relations
• Stacy Kymes, CEO
• Martin Grunst, CFO

Analysts

• Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays
• Jared Shaw, Analyst at Barclays
• John Armstrong, Analyst at Jon Arfstrom
• John Armstrong, Equity Research Analyst at Jon Arfstrom
• Peter Winter, Managing Director at D.A
• Peter Winter, Analyst at D.A
• Michael Rose, Equity Research at Raymond James
• Woody Lay, KBW at Vice President
• Matthew Pauny, Commercial Business Banker at Stephens