CMS Energy Q1 2025 Earnings Report

CMS Energy EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $1.02
• Consensus EPS: $1.05
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.03
• One Year Ago EPS: $0.97

CMS Energy Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $2.45 billion
• Expected Revenue: $2.32 billion
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$129.32 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: +12.50%

CMS Energy Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2025
• Date: 4/24/2025
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, April 24, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 9:30AM ET

CMS Energy (NYSE:CMS) (NYSE: CMS) is an energy company based in Jackson, Michigan, whose principal business is the regulated utility operations of its subsidiary, Consumers Energy. The company is primarily focused on providing electric and natural gas service to customers in Michigan, operating the generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure necessary to deliver energy to residential, commercial and industrial customers. Headquartered in Jackson, CMS Energy conducts its core activities within the state and is regulated by state utility authorities.

Through Consumers Energy and related subsidiaries, CMS Energy develops, owns and operates a portfolio of generation assets and delivers a range of customer-facing services, including electricity and natural gas supply, grid management, energy efficiency programs and demand-response offerings. The company has invested in grid modernization, reliability initiatives and distributed-energy resources to support service continuity and evolving customer needs. CMS Energy also undertakes project development and procurement to add capacity and diversify its resource mix, including investments in renewables and energy storage where regulatory and commercial conditions permit.

CMS Energy traces its roots to longstanding utility operations in Michigan and has continued to evolve under the regulatory framework that governs public utilities in the state. Its strategic focus emphasizes maintaining reliable service for its customer base while transitioning elements of its generation portfolio to cleaner resources and upgrading infrastructure to support future demand patterns. The company operates within Michigan’s regulated utility environment and engages with state regulators, local communities and stakeholders as it executes system investments and policy-driven initiatives.

CMS Energy Q1 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• CMS Energy’s 500 pre-staged crews and 900 dispatched responded to historic March–April storms, restoring service swiftly and earning positive customer and policymaker feedback.
• In March, the company secured a constructive electric rate order covering 65% of its ask and plans a new Q2 electric case, while its gas rate case benefits from a favorable staff position and remains open to settlement.
• Michigan growth remains strong with a 9 GW data center pipeline (65% data centers) driven by tax incentives, supporting the company’s forecasted 2–3% load growth over five years.
• Q1 adjusted EPS of $1.20 beat the prior year, and CMS Energy reaffirmed full-year guidance of $3.54–$3.60 per share, targeting the high end of its 6–8% EPS growth range.
• To offset a historic $100 million storm O&M hit, CMS Energy filed for a deferred accounting order and is implementing cost countermeasures, though approval timing remains uncertain.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the CMS Energy 2025 first quarter results. The earnings news release issued earlier today and the presentation used in this webcast are available on CMS Energy's website in the Investor Relations section. This call is being recorded. After the presentation, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. Instructions will be provided at that time. If at any time during the conference you need to reach an operator, please press star followed by zero. Just a reminder, there will be a rebroadcast of this conference call today beginning at 12:00 P.M. Eastern Time, running through May 1. This presentation is also being webcast and is available on CMS Energy's website in the Investor Relations section. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Mr. Jason Shore, Treasurer and Vice President of Investor Relations.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

Thank you, Harry. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. With me are Garrick Rochow, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. This presentation contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Please refer to our SEC filings for more information regarding the risks and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially. This presentation also includes non-GAAP measures. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the appendix and posted on our website. I will now turn the call over to Garrick.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

Thank you, Jason, and thank you, everyone, for joining us today. CMS Energy: consistent, predictable, dependable. Twenty-two years of steady hands at the wheel. It is what you expect, and it is what we deliver. Even more important in these times of broader economic uncertainty. It starts with our investment thesis, which is based on conservative planning paired with disciplined execution, a commitment to excellence across our electric and gas businesses, constructive legislation and regulation, and driving growth across the state with a robust economic development pipeline. Our customers can count on us to deliver safe, reliable, affordable, clean, and equitable energy under all conditions, and our investment thesis is what keeps us on track. It is our focus. It is what you count on us for every year.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

In fact, I'd like to take a moment to shine a spotlight on our recent storm response, which included company crews, dispatchers, call centers, coworkers, contractors, and volunteers who were committed to delivering excellence for our customers during the recent historic storms that impacted Michigan in late March and early April. These storms packed it all in: 14 tornadoes, nearly 100 mile-per-hour winds, and in northern locations, over 1.5 inches of ice. The team executed well. We were prepared and ready to dispatch prior to the first wave of weather with 500 crews pre-staged and 900 total crews dispatched. Fighting storms on two fronts, we restored customers safely and quickly, then continued to serve, supporting local co-op utility customers in their restoration efforts. We saw favorable customer and positive policymaker support because of our response. Yes, our investments and process changes are making a difference.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

I'm extremely proud and thankful for our coworkers and how they showed up in the work they do daily to improve performance for our customers. I want to start today with Michigan's constructive regulatory environment. We are pleased with the recent electric rate order in March, approximately 65% of the revised ask, nearly double the investments included in the investment recovery mechanism, and solid support for our investments to improve electric reliability for our customers. We work hard to ensure our filings are transparent and high quality, and we are seeing the results, achieving constructive regulatory outcomes time and time again. We'll continue to work closely with MPSC staff, interveners, and the Commission on the importance of our investments to bolster our electric and gas systems to ensure we continue to serve customers during sunny days and extreme weather.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

Given our continued focus on improving electric reliability, you can expect us to file our next electric rate case in Q2. In our gas rate case, we did recently see staff testimony, which we view as a constructive starting position. As we've shown in the past, we're always open to settlement, having settled our last four gas cases. The dynamics of these gas cases are different than our electric cases, and we feel good either way: a settlement or fully adjudicated order. For our longer-term filings, we expect an order in our Renewable Energy Plan, or REP, by mid-September. Our REP will help define our clean energy future and feeds into our Integrated Resource Plan, or IRP, that we'll file next year. Earlier in my prepared remarks, I referenced broader economic uncertainty.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

As you would expect, we are closely monitoring the landscape, potential changes, shaping as needed, and preparing to adjust as necessary. Our conservative planning and strong fundamentals, as well as our track record of delivering through any event, gives me confidence that we are well-positioned to effectively navigate any scenario. This confidence is further bolstered by our diversified service territory with minimal exposure to the auto industry or any other large sectors. We're actively monitoring the landscape and have a diverse supply chain, which limits our exposure to tariffs. Our direct and indirect spend is approximately 90% domestically sourced, and we continue to shift U.S.-based vendors to lower our exposure. Much of the exposure is related to capital equipment, which means any customer impact would be spread over the life of the asset, and our earnings are largely insulated.

[Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations at CMS Energy]

Nonetheless, we're actively working with all suppliers to manage fluctuations in price and sourcing to keep customer bills affordable as we execute on our plan. In the context of the Inflation Reduction Act, or IRA, we've seen good support from Republicans in our individual conversations, including the 25 who have signed on in support of continuing tax credits. Our read is that there may be a partial repeal of portions of the IRA, and although we do not expect changes to the renewable tax credits, we continue to safe harbor equipment for projects within our five-year plan. As a reminder, we have a supportive energy law in Michigan that mandates renewables and 100% clean energy resources by 2040. The law shapes our customer investments through our REP and IRP.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

To the degree there are changes in the IRA, Michigan's law offers us enough flexibility to achieve the intent of the law and ensure resource adequacy and affordability for our customers. As for industry exposure, I'll remind you the auto industry is about 2% of our total gross margin. The heart of our electric service territory is in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area, which is diversified with commercial businesses and manufacturing and includes significant jobs and state investment. We're also seeing expansion in other industries, including defense, aerospace, polysilicon, semiconductors, and agriculture. At CMS Energy, our core business is to serve under all conditions. Our mindset of preparedness and conservative planning ensures we are ready for multiple scenarios, calm in the storm and steady at the wheel.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

I want to talk for a moment about Michigan's exciting growth renaissance and our work to help our service territory in the state thrive and prosper. First and foremost, we see strong progress in the continued construction and work that make up the 2-3% load growth within our five-year financial plan. We have seen one large data center project accelerate their load ramp-up by almost a year, and another large new manufacturing project has requested to expand service by an additional 10%. All positive indicators. Both we can deliver. Since the beginning of the year, with the elimination of the sales and use taxes for data centers, our pipeline has grown to 9 GW, with more of that shift, about 65%, toward data centers. We're seeing the data center pipeline continue to progress and feel confident some of these projects will materialize into contractual agreements.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

The data center tariff, which we filed in February with the Commission, is the next logical step in that process. The tariff provides a great opportunity for data centers and protects our existing customers. We'll continue to work through this proceeding, with settlement being a possible outcome. As I've shared before, we are also excited about the manufacturing growth in our pipeline that brings with it secondary and tertiary benefits, including new and growing commercial business as well as residential load. We're excited about and committed to Michigan's future, and we are prepared to serve its growing energy needs. Now on to the financials for the quarter. In the first quarter, we reported adjusted earnings per share of $1.02. We remain confident in this year's guidance and long-term outlook and are reaffirming all our financial objectives.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Our full-year guidance remains at $3.54-$3.60 per share, with continued confidence toward the high end. Longer term, we continue to guide toward the high end of our adjusted EPS growth range of 6%-8%. With that, I'll hand the call over to Rejji.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Thank you, Garrick, and good morning, everyone. On slide 8, you'll see our standard waterfall chart, which illustrates the key drivers impacting our financial performance for the quarter and our year-to-go expectations. For clarification purposes, all of the variance analyses herein are in comparison to 2024, both on a first quarter and nine months-to-go basis. In summary, through the first quarter of 2025, we delivered adjusted net income of $304 million, or $1.02 per share, which compares favorably to the comparable period in 2024, largely due to the absence of the mild weather experience in Q1 of 2024, coupled with higher rate relief net of investments.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

These sources of positive variance were partially offset by higher O&M costs at the utility, driven by the continued execution of our electric reliability roadmap and the timing of select items at NorthStar, like our planned outage at the Dearborn Industrial Generation Facility or DIG, among other factors. To elaborate on the impact of weather, we experienced a relatively normal winter in Michigan in the first quarter for the first time in a couple of years. As such, we saw $0.26 per share of favorable variance, which largely reflects the absence of the mild weather experienced in the first quarter of 2024. Rate relief net of investment-related expenses resulted in $0.07 per share of positive variance due to constructive outcomes achieved in last year's electric and gas rate orders, in addition to the benefits of ongoing renewable projects.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Moving on to cost trends, as noted, in accordance with our electric reliability roadmap, we continue to increase the size of our vegetation management program as we glide path to a seven-year trim cycle across our low-voltage electric distribution system. The associated financial impact was the key driver of the $0.05 per share of negative variance versus the comparable period in 2024. In our catch-all category represented by the final bucket in the actual section of the chart, you'll note a negative variance of $0.23 per share, largely driven by a strong 2024 comp at NorthStar due to normalized operations at DIG and the timing of tax benefits from renewable projects. Other notable drivers in this category include the impact of parent financing activities in the quarter and select one-time reversals from last year.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Looking ahead, we plan for normal weather as always, which equates to $0.12 per share of positive variance for the remaining nine months of the year, primarily due to the absence of the mild temperatures experienced in the fourth quarter of 2024. From a regulatory perspective, we're assuming $0.16 per share of positive variance, which is largely driven by the constructive electric rate order received from the Commission in March, ongoing benefits of renewable projects at the utility, and the assumption of a supportive outcome in our pending gas rate case. On the cost side, we anticipate higher overall O&M expense at the utility for the remainder of the year, largely driven by the expectation of increased service restoration costs attributable to the large weather system that impacted our service territory in late March, extending into early April that Garrick mentioned.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

It's worth noting that this storm was the costliest in our company's history at roughly $100 million of operating and maintenance, or O&M expense, per our preliminary estimates. As you would expect, we're already busy at work identifying and implementing countermeasures such as limiting hiring, reducing our use of consultants and contractors, and eliminating other discretionary spending, among other potential offsets. Of course, we expect increased productivity from the CEWA, which our workforce has delivered every year since we instituted the lean operating system roughly a decade ago. It is also worth noting that we have sought a deferred accounting order for the financial impacts of the storm, given its historic nature, which we filed earlier this week.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

The recalibration of our service restoration expense for the remainder of the year net of anticipated savings from the aforementioned countermeasures will drive an estimated net impact of $0.04 per share of negative variance for the remaining nine months of the year. Lastly, in the penultimate bar on the right-hand side, you'll see an estimated range of $0.03-$0.09 per share of negative variance, which incorporates further risk mitigation to the financial headwinds encountered in the first quarter and provides additional contingency should we need it, namely in the form of opportunistic financing activities. Before moving on, I'll just note that our track record of delivering on our financial objectives over the last two decades, irrespective of the circumstances, speaks for itself.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

That said, we'll always do the worrying so you don't have to, and we remain confident in our ability to deliver on our financial and operational objectives this year to the benefit of all stakeholders. Moving on to credit quality, it is worth noting that Fitch reaffirmed our credit ratings in March, as noted at the bottom of the table on slide 9, and we are currently working through the review process with Moody's. Longer term, we continue to target solid investment-grade credit ratings and will manage our key credit metrics accordingly as we balance the needs of the business. Slide 10 offers an update to our funding needs in 2025 at the utility and the parent.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

During the quarter, we issued $1 billion of junior subordinated notes or hybrids with a 6.5% coupon at the parent, which I'll note was identical to rates achieved by some of our much larger peers and had the tightest credit spread achieved for a hybrid in recent memory, which speaks to our credit quality and a strong receptivity to our paper in the market. As you'll note in the table on the left-hand side of the page, the hybrid issuance addressed a good portion of our financing needs at the parent for the year while offering significant financial flexibility on our remaining needs. We'll look to complete the balance of our financing plan at the parent and utility over the remaining months of the year with a keen focus on maintaining our consolidated credit metrics around the mid-teens area from a funds from operation to total debt perspective.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

As always, we will remain opportunistic and look to capitalize on market conditions. With that, I will hand it back to Garrick for his final remarks before the Q&A session.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks, Rejji. As the landscape continues to evolve, I want to remind everyone about our long history of delivering under all scenarios for all our stakeholders. Remember, our business is preparedness and response. Through uncertainty, recession, bad weather, it doesn't matter. We've seen it before, and we've navigated the waters. Bottom line, we deliver. Our track record speaks for itself. We focus on what is necessary to deliver for our customers and investors, and we remain confident in our outlook for 2025 and beyond. With that, Harry, please open the lines for Q&A.

[Operator]

Thanks very much, Garrick. The question-and-answer session will be conducted electronically. If you would like to ask a question, please do so by pressing the star key followed by the digit 1 on your touch-tone telephone. If you're using a speaker function, please make sure you pick up your headset. We'll proceed in the order you've seen us, and we'll take as many questions as time permits. If you do find that your question has been answered, you may remove yourself by pressing the star key followed by the digit 2 on your touch-tone telephone. We'll pause for just a second. Our first question will be from the line of Durgesh Chopra with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Durgesh Chopra, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Morning, Durgesh.

[Durgesh Chopra, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Hey. Good morning, Garrick. Thank you for taking my question. Appreciate all the commentary around tariffs and IRA. I just one question was focusing on NorthStar. Maybe just can you remind us what percentage of capital, I appreciate it's small versus the rest of the company, what percentage of capital is going towards solar storage? And then just given the IRA discussion and repeal risk, do you kind of reprioritize that capital, potentially maybe switch that with higher regulated capital? Your comments around safe harboring, do those apply to NorthStar as well as you try to kind of secure those tax credits into the future? Thank you.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks for your question, Durgesh. Great question. Again, context is really important here in the context of NorthStar. We are talking about 5% of the EPS mix here, so small. Remember, the big driver here is DIG, or Dearborn Industrial Generation. That is the big story in the energy and capacity markets. When it comes down to the amount of capital that we are spending on renewables, it is small. Rejji will have the numbers here in a bit, but there is nothing on storage, zero on storage. It is all really renewables, and those are, again, projects that are well laid out for the future. Now, how do we de-risk those projects? One, we have contracts in place that allow for escalators. That is an important piece. We have done a lot of great work in terms of securing panels.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

I've got panels secured through 2030 through a variety of vendors, through contracts, some already on site to be able to navigate any implications from a tariff perspective. I'm out in 2028 from a safe harbor provision in the main power transformers. We feel good about the runway there of projects, renewable projects, and what we've done to de-risk that. As you know, and your question alluded to, there's tons of flexibility. We have plenty of opportunities to invest in the utility itself. Those are decisions we make on a year-by-year basis and where the needs are for the company and are best suited. Again, feel good about NorthStar's ability to deliver, not just in the year, but also from a long-term perspective.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, Durgesh, I'll just build on Garrick's comments there. Yeah, we certainly feel good about NorthStar's prospects going forward and have done a lot to de-risk renewable projects on both the utility side and the NorthStar side, and have done some things in supply chain that further fortify our position going forward. From a capital perspective, we're planning, and this is in our 10-K that we filed last quarter, about gross investments, a little over $2.5 billion. I say gross because we have planned to recycle capital, largely at NorthStar through the sell-down of common equity stakes. That is providing a lot of liquidity to fund their projects. The equity infusions from the parent are relatively light, probably about 20% of that or so, or $500,000,000. Gross capital investments of about $2.5 billion to support commercial renewable projects over the next five years.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

The reality is, if we do see some repeal of the IRA, we will just increase the bar or raise the expected hurdle rate for those renewable projects at NorthStar. If we saw the economics of those projects being less attractive, we would certainly allocate more capital to utility. As you know, capital is not an issue at the utility. There is plenty of opportunity. Our current five-year plan of $20 billion of capital investments at the utility has another $20 billion or so on the outside looking in. I think that that is the low end of capital investment opportunities outside of the plan. There is a lot of flexibility to allocate capital to the utility versus NorthStar, again, if we see the economics of those projects start to soften over time. Really good flexibility going forward and no concerns with the economic outlook there.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Is that helpful?

[Durgesh Chopra, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Very helpful. A lot of flexibility there, it sounds like. Thank you for that, Color. Just quickly, Rejji, the deferred accounting order on the storm costs, have you guys done that before? Sorry, I should know, but I don't. Maybe just remind us if you have done that before. If not, what are sort of the procedural steps here? Is there a timeline that the Commission is going to sort of rule this on by, or is this just a one-off type event and there's no set procedural schedule here? Thank you.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Maybe I'll just take your question and do a little bigger picture on it, and then we can go down in this process from a storm perspective.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

As Rejji talked about in his prepared remarks, there is a number of levers and opportunities, everything from the CEWA to technology to what Rejji shared in his prepared remarks on how to deliver the year and for both the customers and really investors and really all stakeholders. That is the tools in the toolbox. What we are doing with this particular storm, what I would say is historic storm and really extreme weather, as I characterized in my remarks, is leveraging the Liberty audit. If you go into the Liberty audit, that is the distribution audit, it specifically calls out best practices with jurisdictions and utilities is to have a mechanism for extreme weather. That is what we filed, and that will be the first time we filed that with the Commission in this kind of framework. We have had constructive conversations both with staff and the commissioners on this.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

It is an ex parte filing. The timeline has not been established at this point. Durgesh, I'm going to go a little off the record here. I'm an old farmer. I grew up on a farm, and I do not count my chickens before they hatch. That is a true thing from a farmer perspective. Understand this, we are not counting on that. It is important. We think it is needed in Michigan. Constructive conversations continue, but we have a lot of tools in our toolbelt to be able to deliver the year.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, Durgesh, all I would add, and I wish I had a farming analogy as well, but I do not, is just a couple of things to Garrick's good comments. You asked, I think, specifically about the timing of approval. Because it's an ex parte filing, I think that will be at the Commission's discretion. Obviously, our expectations are tempered, but we would love to see just a fairly quick resolution to the matter so we at least know what the outcome is in a timely fashion. In terms of our history around this, we have sought mechanisms like this in the context of rate cases. I can't recall the last time we sought an accounting order like this outside of a rate case, maybe once in the past in my eight years as CFO.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

This is fairly atypical, but we think given the historic nature of the storm, it's justified, and I believe we've made a strong case in the filing as to why we should get support here. I just wanted to address those two direct questions you had.

[Durgesh Chopra, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Awesome. Thank you. Appreciate the off-the-record and on-the-record commentary. Thanks so much.

[Operator]

The next question today will be from the line of Shar Pourreza with Guggenheim Partners. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

Hi, good morning, Shar.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Morning, Shar.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

Constantine here for Shar.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Oh, great.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

It's actually Constantine. Hey, good morning. How are you thinking about the execution on the financing plan, just given that optically the balance of the equity needs is resolved through the hybrid? Is there kind of more execution to come in 2025, or is there some efficient financing that unlocks a CapEx pull forward or any other opportunity in the near term?

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, Constantine, this is Rejji. Appreciate the question. Yeah, per my prepared remarks, we still have a bit of financing left in the plan for the year. At the parent, just going back to our original guidance, we said we had about $1.8 billion to do. $1.3 billion of, well, I'll just say non-equity financing and our working assumption with senior debt financings, and then up to $500 million of equity. Obviously, the hybrid transaction that you noted really took care of a good portion of those needs. With the equity credit ascribed to hybrids, that creates a lot of financial flexibility. We still have about $700 million or so left for the remainder of the year. We're keeping all options on the table.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

We've seen really attractive execution across a variety of securities offered in the first quarter from some of our peers. We are keeping all options on the table, but have quite a bit of flexibility. At the opco, just to round it out, we've got $1.1 billion left, and I think the working assumption for those financings will be first mortgage bonds. As always, we'll look at which securities are priced most attractively at both the parent and the opco, and we'll be opportunistic as we always are. With respect to pull aheads for capital, we've got $3.7 billion in the utility per our plan this year. We are focused on executing on that. We'll see what the rest of the year has in store for us.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

We're acutely focused on the current plan for this year and really haven't thought about pull aheads in any respect, if that was the spirit of the second part of your question.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

Yep, understood. Understood. Maybe a higher-level question in terms of your energy supply needs. How are those evolving, especially as you get feedback through the REP process? Is there more dispatchable generation needs that you see kind of going into the next IRP cycle? Do you think that there is a better case for kind of a big buy-in into the opco?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

A portion of our energy supply needs are spelled out in the Renewable Energy Plan, and that addresses some of the energy needs and the compliance with the 2023 energy law. As we have seen the need to get to the 50% and 60% renewable targets, as well as because of the 2-3% load growth that is in our five-year plan, you can see and have insight into those both renewable needs as well as storage needs in the future. The broader need for capacity and to be able to continue to deliver to the load growth and the pipeline within the state will come together in the Integrated Resource Plan. We will file that in 2026.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

It will evaluate and look at natural gas plants, the existing natural gas plants we have in the state, the longevity of those plants, considerations for carbon capture and sequestration technology. That modeling work is still underway, as you might imagine, for our 2026 filing, and will be also based on the renewable energy plan. That is really all I can share at this point. As you imagine, as you're growing the state and you have this pipeline, there will be additional needs in the future for supply assets.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

Okay, understood. Maybe you're hitting quickly on Durgesh's question around storms again. As you're kind of noting the impacts on the offsets in the quarter, do you anticipate those to be recurring, or will those potentially unwind with that potential deferral filing?

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, I would say, Constantine, similar to prior years when we saw significant financial headwinds, we'll look at all opportunities that cost. Cross-structure. I'd say it's premature to think about what's recurring and what isn't. What I have been encouraged to see, really, per my prepared remarks over the last 10 years, is every year we establish a target for how much productivity and cost savings, whether that's hard cost savings or avoided costs associated with the CEWA. Every year we exceed that target pretty significantly. By definition, the savings generated by the CEWA are recurring savings. I'll give an example. Last year, we had in our target, we had a target for the CEWA of around $50 million or so. We delivered $110 million of savings, and those are obviously recurring.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

I would say we've exceeded expectations year in and year out on what we expect to achieve from a productivity perspective. We'll also look at one-timers. I mentioned we'll look at sort of financing activity. We may start to take a look at liability management as we had in the past. We'll also look at other potential cost deferrals, which would not be recurring. It'll be a good mix of all of the above, like we've done in prior years.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

If I can just take a moment to just elaborate on this toolbox of opportunities, and Rejji characterized it well, it starts with conservative planning. That's part of our mindset. That's part of our approach. We're not redlining the engineer. This is just how we think about different scenarios. That's point one. Rejji emphasized the CEWA. There's so much opportunity in the CEWA that our coworkers deliver on. You take an improved process, you take waste out, coworkers feel better, customers feel better, and you cost file. The other one that we've been really highlighting too is in the space of technology. The IT team calls it app realization.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

I make fun of them when they talk about it because I'm like, "What the hell is that?" The reality is it's looking at all our software, all our hardware, and how are we leveraging to get additional benefit out of it, where there's real savings there as well. You apply AI in some places, and we get better predictions, and that takes cost out as well. There were all the things that Rejji mentioned in his prepared remarks. I feel confident in just the ability to leverage these. A portion of them, a good portion, will be sustaining. As Rejji indicated, some will be one-time.

[Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners]

Excellent. Appreciate you taking the questions.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks, Constantine.

[Operator]

The next question today will be—apologies. The next question today will be from the line of Jeremy Tonet with JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan]

Hi, good morning, Jeremy.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Good morning.

[Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan]

I just wanted to pick up with the gas case.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

How are you?

[Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan]

Good. How are you? Just wanted to pick up with the gas case. Given what's come out so far, the appetite for settlement or just any other thoughts at this point? I know you said you'd be happy going either way, but just wondering any incremental color you could provide.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

I'm going to even pull it back a little bit and just put these words. I am very pleased with our track record of delivering constructive outcomes in Michigan. There's all kinds of data points: electric, four-gas settlements. It doesn't matter—electric or gas—we just continue to deliver time and time again. In the Q4 call, what I shared was full-throated, a constructive—we'd see a constructive electric order. How did I know that? One, because of the quality and the visibility we put in this case, the constructive legislation we have. It's not perfect, as I shared, but we continue to work on improving that. If you look at the staff, the MPSC staff are professionals. When you have a good staff position or a constructive staff position, you get good outcomes. That's what we did.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

That is another data point with this electric rate case. I am excited about this gas case as well. It is down the fairway, or it is straightforward. We are replacing gas pipe. We are making the system safer. That is important from a gas business perspective. We are ensuring capacity to deliver to customers and growth in the gas business. When you do all that right, you also reduce carbon emissions. It is a trifecta. It is a great case the team has built. Straightforward. I am excited about staff's position. It is a constructive starting position within the gas case. We will go through the process. We will go through rebuttal as we always do. ROEs, we are going to push on those. If I look at the external environment, risk has not declined. We will push on the ROEs in rebuttal. That will be an important piece for us to lean into.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

As I said always, I'm open to settlement. There's a variety of different points of view and different intervenors on that. We'll work through that process. If we see that, I would imagine it would be before the PFD. That's expected in August timeframe. Here's my confidence in our ability to go the full distance too and just continue the track record of constructive outcomes in Michigan.

[Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan]

Got it. No, that makes sense. Just wanted to pivot to a smaller point, if I could, the deferral. That's baked into the guide right now. Just wanted to be clear on the treatment there.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Jeremy, this is Rejji. We have not presupposed approval of the deferred accounting order. Like I said, I think we've made a very compelling case given the historic nature of the storm and our efforts to restore customers as quickly as possible, both inside our service territory and out. We think we've made a compelling case. As you know, given our conservative nature, we have not presupposed approval of that.

[Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan]

Okay. Got it. That's very helpful. Thanks. Just a last one, if I could. As it relates to ITCs and the unregulated part of the business, what's the magnitude of earnings exposure in your plan here? Really, if you could just outline a bit more how tax equity impacts this and any other relevant considerations and how potential tariff risk at the project level could influence growth here. I know you touched on it a bit before, but just wondering if you could flesh out those points a bit.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, Jeremy, I'll take this as well. This is Rejji. I would say in the context of 2025 guidance, in our original guidance, we guided NorthStar at $0.18-$0.22 given the planned large outage at DIG, which historically and really going forward is the flagship earnings contributor to NorthStar. We are anticipating more contribution from commercial renewables projects. We have two solar projects that are well on their way of delivering constructive outcomes later this year. I would say the exposure from a renewables perspective this year is a little bigger than other years or prior years. Of that $0.18-$0.22, I assume about three-quarters of that is delivered by residual benefits from ongoing assets, a little bit of NorthStar, but primarily from two solar projects we have underway.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

As we look at the outer years of the plan, still anticipation of solid renewable project development over the course of the plan. Again, you should always assume that DIG will be the primary contributor of earnings to NorthStar over the course of the next five years. Let me pause there and see if there are any questions on that.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Nope, that's helpful. I'll leave it there. Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question today will be from the line of Nicholas Campanella with Barclays. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Hi, Nick.

[Operator]

Nicholas Campanella from Barclays. Your line is now open. If you'd like to proceed with your question. Apologies. We're not receiving audio from Nicholas's line there. So we're moving on to the next question being from the line of Julian Smith with Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Julien Smith, Analyst at Jefferies]

Hey, team. Good morning and pleasure here. I hope I get as candid a response from Garrick as earlier here. I think we're developing a new pattern. Just on economic development, I'd just love to understand how you guys are thinking about them. I heard the comments on the call with respect to data center activity and ongoing development year-to-date subsequent to the legislation. In parallel, I'll also note the Goshen developments from the county board here. How are you thinking about what's included in the 900 megawatts of demand in the current plan? Are there puts and takes in that, or is it still kind of static pending some more formal updates here? Just to understand how you think about both the positives and the negatives that are accumulated year-to-date.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Yeah. That 2-3% that makes up that 900 megawatts, that's a conservative approach. You know that about how we plan. There is an economic development. There's always that. Even in the best of times, there's some slowdowns in some projects and some speed-up in some projects. What's great about that 2-3% is we have line of sight into that work. We're constructing the lines. We're constructing the substation. In many cases, we can see them building their facilities in the long-term plans they have for that. That's exciting. That gives us confidence in that 2-3% low growth. There's always a little puts and takes.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

As I shared, one of the data centers that we're constructing right now is actually accelerating their load growth and their ramp-up, which is a positive sign. The same with the large manufacturing. To the degree there's a pause with Goshen, there's also some acceleration with some as well. That is all kind of in that mix to the 2-3%. Now, if we go to the 9 gigawatts, as I shared in my prepared remarks, let me offer a little more clarity. There is a lineup of data centers there of 65%. Some of them are moving faster and jumping the line and moving to the front of the line in the progress. That gives us a lot of confidence that those will materialize. The next logical step in that process is to get this tariff complete with the commission.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Again, I'm optimistic that settlement's an option there to be able to move those forward and for those data centers to take the next logical step. Does that help?

[Julien Smith, Analyst at Jefferies]

Yeah. No, absolutely. Thank you for that. Actually, just to clarify that last piece, since you bring it up, just with the tariff here, you alluded to potential settlement, certainly a possibility in other states as well. Could that be paired up with a more formal commercial arrangement? Because once you get the clarity on the tariff, would that be sort of the catalyst to announce any larger commitments here?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Certainly, the data center projects and possibilities want to have clarity on that in the context of that. It's just from a special arrangement perspective, special contract, we don't do those. That creates a lot of long-term risk, particularly for the company and for shareholders. This tariff, it really is the best option. As you might imagine, when they have clarity on what that looks like, that'll be the next logical step in moving some of those projects forward.

[Julien Smith, Analyst at Jefferies]

Awesome, guys. You guys take care. All the best. Thank you so much.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Yeah. Thank you, Julien.

[Operator]

The next question today will be from the line of Michael Sullivan with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Hey, good morning.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Good morning, Michael.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Just.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Hey.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Hey, guys. Just wanted to ask quick on how you're thinking about the risk of transferability potentially going away. I think you've given us some numbers on what you embed there in your plan, but just what that scenario would look like if you were to lose the ability to transfer tax credits.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Let me offer some high-level comments, and Rejji, you'll get into some specific numbers. Again, many of the Republican jurisdictions, areas have benefited from the IRA. What I think is even more important is the conversation that I'm having, part of the team's having, EEI's having with a number of Republican congressmen and women. That is one support for these PTCs and ITCs, as well as the tax monetization or transferability component of it, because they see in these times the importance of affordability and how that transfers directly to savings for our customers. That's been an important part of the conversation. That gives us—we'll see how legislation takes place and how it all evolves, but that gives us some certainty, I guess, optimism about the ability to maintain PTCs and ITCs and this transferability going forward.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Rejji, to offer some additional comments on the dollars.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah. Michael, appreciate the question. Just to talk about potential offsets or countermeasures, as I still see it, in the unlikely event we saw transferability go away, we would look at a variety of financing sources. I think the good news in this environment and in prior environments is that the capital markets remain broad and deep. We would certainly look at more junior subordinated notes as a potential option. Clearly, there is quite a bit of capacity in the market there. Based on even our recent issuance of $1 billion that I noted in my prepared remarks, we still have, in this year alone, $2 billion-$3 billion of additional junior subordinated note capacity. That amount of capacity accretes over time as your book capitalization grows through retained earnings.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

A lot of opportunities to potentially look at more junior subordinated notes. Obviously, we could look at doing additional equity as well. We feel very comfortable with the equity levels that we're issuing over the course of this five-year plan and still think we have capacity to do additional equity to fund this attractive growth opportunity we have at the utility. Incremental equity would also be a potential offset. It is also important to note just the significant flexibility afforded to us through the energy law and the ability to earn on PPAs as we look to comply with the energy law and the significant renewable opportunities associated therewith. That creates a lot of balance sheet flexibility as well. As we look at subsequent five-year plans, we may transfer or shift—transfer is probably not the right word there. Pun not intended.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

We could look to potentially shift our spend mix from instead of investing and owning some of those renewable opportunities, we could potentially contract and earn about a 9% FCM on those, which obviously, again, creates a lot of balance sheet capacity. Those are all potential countermeasures in the event transferability went away.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Very helpful. Just to double-check, the $700 million-plus number from the year-end call in terms of what's in the plan is still good?

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

That's still the current plan, yes.

[Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Okay. Great. Thank you very much.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question is from the line of David Ocarro with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Alex Zaman, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Hey, this is Alex German for Dave. Good morning. Starting with the storm tracker, could you talk about the strategy going forward to get it approved? Is there any specific changes you plan to make to address the pushbacks?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

In reference, just for clarity for those who might be listening to the call, in a number of the previous electric rate cases, we've proposed a storm tracker or storm recovery mechanism in those. We've heeded some of the comments from both staff as well as the commissioners on sharing and greater sharing of those mechanisms. Unfortunately, we have not had success in that mechanism. We continue to look at options to be able to offset some of the costs. Again, I'd go back to the Liberty audit, which, again, recommends best practices for jurisdictions and utilities and ultimately for the customer is to have a mechanism in place for extreme weather. The storm recovery mechanism or tracker is one way to go about it.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Another way that we're obviously filing for here and filed for this week is just through this deferred accounting mechanism for, again, regulatory treatment of historic or extreme weather.

[Alex Zaman, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Got it. Thank you. Back to the data centers demand in Michigan, did you see a big change in interest after the state approved the tax exemptions late last year?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

That is correct. Of our pipeline, it was primarily about 65% manufacturing prior to the signing of the sales and use tax, and that flipped. The actual pipeline grew to 9 gigawatts, and a majority of it, specifically about 65% of it, is data centers as a result. We attribute that to, in part, due to the sales and use tax exemption. There are other RTOs that have had some challenges. MISO continues to be an RTO, and frankly, we have a nice energy law that supports the ability to put on the supply that is needed and necessary for these important projects.

[Alex Zaman, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Got it. Very clear. Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question will be from the line of Travis Miller with Morningstar. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Travis Miller, Analyst at Morningstar]

Thank you. Good morning, everyone.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Good morning, Travis.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

On the electric rate case, wonder if there were any lessons learned or, aside from the headline numbers, anything in the case decision that you'd like to go back for or you hoped to get? Anything like that? You mentioned the storm tracker, but anything aside from that?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

There's always room for improvement in our cases. I want to be real clear. We've had a successful track record, but we're not perfect. There are a lot of opportunities for us to improve. We get the feedback from the staff. We get the feedback from the commissioners, and there's important work to do. One of the important pieces that are comments that was made by the commissioners when they provide the order was the mix of capital and O&M. Recall that in that case, the Liberty audit or the distribution audit kind of came midway through. We had capital in there, and the recommendations on tree trimming and vegetation management were not in there.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

You can imagine that in this next case, that we will have a greater degree and a greater amount of vegetation management, and we will also match that with the important capital investments because it is both. You have to deliver the reliability and long-term resiliency. I would expect to see filing our reliability roadmap, more capital investments, but also a much larger investment too in vegetation management to improve our reliability for our customers. That is an area of improvement. There was also, from the bench, a small thing in just following where the dollars went. We got more granular in some of our bucketing so we could see the benefits of that work. There was some feedback that you could not tick and tie as easily.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

We're going to improve that as well and just make a key—this is kind of—I'm in the weeds now, but just a key to be able to make that clear for interveners as well as the staff and commissioners to file. Those are ways we're always looking to improve the process.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, Travis, all I would add—this is Rejji—aside from a 10.25% ROE, which was on my personal wish list, the other subtlety or a smaller element of the filing that we did seek and unfortunately did not get support for, but over time, I do think it would be helpful, is we did propose a wildfire risk mitigation plan. Though Michigan is not as susceptible as a lot of states to the west of us to wildfire, we do think you cannot plan soon enough for wildfire risk mitigation. We had $12 million of capital ascribed to it, $4 million of which was for strategic undergrounding. Covered conductors was another bit of the spend, and then what I would call strategic vegetation management.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

We do think over time we'd like to start to put in place a program because, again, I don't think you can plan too soon for that. That was the other item on the wish list that we'd like to get support for going forward.

[Travis Miller, Analyst at Morningstar]

Okay. That's great. I think we all have 10.25 on the wish list. The REP, when you get that September ruling, what's kind of the next step? Would there be any immediate, I guess, disclosures or changes potentially in the capital plan, or is that something that's going to evolve as you do perhaps RFPs or some other type of solicitations along the way? Anything that's going to happen, say, in September or October after the decision?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

It certainly gives us more clarity on the clean energy and a portion of the investments that are in the five-year plan. There could be additional investments in that. That, again, flows into the integrated resource plan. You will see that approval is important to build out the integrated resource plan. Those are the couple of components that you will see. Of course, we will have greater clarity and certainty around what those renewable energy supply assets are.

[Travis Miller, Analyst at Morningstar]

Okay. Great. That's all I had. Thanks a lot.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks, Travis.

[Operator]

The next question will be from the line of Gregg Orrill with UBS. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Gregg Orrill, Analyst at UBS]

Yeah. Thanks for taking my question. Good morning.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Hey, good morning.

[Gregg Orrill, Analyst at UBS]

I was not quite sure I understood what the 4-cent impact in the balance of the year related to the storm accounting order was. Sorry if I missed that.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah. I'm not sure, Gregg, this is Rejji, where you got the 4% impact, but just to walk through the details of the estimated—and I say estimated because we're still doing all of the closing out of contracts and invoices from third parties who helped us. As you'll see in the regulatory filing we submitted yesterday, the estimates for the storm was about $100 million, so call that $0.25 per share of impact. As you think about the waterfall I walked through for the bridge of financial performance over the course of the year, we are assuming a good portion of that storm impact will flow through that cost bucket or what we're calling specifically reliability storms, including productivity.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

The 4 cents of negative variance that you see in year-to-go, when you add that to the 5 cents of negative variance we saw in our year-to-date actuals, what you see is basically a 12-cent per share swing versus our original guidance. That basically adds up to about $50 million pre-tax. We have baked into the assumption of additional service restoration expense, productivity in the form of CEWA and all the other cost-out items I enumerated in my prepared remarks. We are assuming that we are going to have an increase for sure in service restoration expense, but we will also net those down with cost reductions. We have also assumed cost performance as well in that parent financing tax and other bucket.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

If you look at the comparison of what we have in our current waterfall versus our original guide, you'll see about $0.11 per share or $45 million, roughly pre-tax, of improvement versus the original guide. That's where you see the balance of cost takeout or support to fund the impact of that service restoration expense increase. That's what gets us to our full-year guidance. It's flowing through the cost associated with the service restoration expense. It's flowing through that reliability storms, including productivity line item. Again, the countermeasures are flowing through both of those sort of latter two buckets in the waterfall. Let me pause there and see if you have any further questions, Gregg.

[Gregg Orrill, Analyst at UBS]

No, that's great. I appreciate that. Thank you.

[Operator]

Our next question will be from the line of Andrew Weisel with Scotiabank. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Hey, Andrew.

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

Hey, good morning, everyone. Good luck settling the gas rate case. If you make a five-timers club like Saturday Night Live, I think you get one of those cool black velvet jackets.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, I look forward to wearing that jacket. That's good.

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

Just want to clarify. I think you kind of just answered this on the last question, but to clarify, are you already in cost-cutting mode after that storm, or are you just reminding us of your proven ability to do that?

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

No, Andrew. We got in the foxhole very early in the first quarter. I would say once we started to get visibility that a significant storm was underway. Also, even earlier in the month, we started to see pretty mild temperatures in the month of March. We already started to get in the foxhole and start identifying and implementing countermeasures really in the early part of March. They were already well underway. This is beyond hypothetical and academic. We are in implementation mode. Still more work to be done, but we are already in implementation mode based on the visibility we got earlier in the month and then as the storm started to materialize. Let me pause there.

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

I guess my question is, should this deferral be approved, which of course would be a good situation, what would you do then? If you're already cutting costs and then you get the good news of getting this approved, what happens?

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

Yeah. It certainly creates additional flexibility in the plan, which we like. I'll remind you that the CEWA will be one of the anchor countermeasures that we'll lean into. We see no downside in overachieving on our CEWA targets year in and year out because it just creates additional headroom going forward and rate reduction opportunities for customers going forward. There is no reason to dial back those efforts. We may take a harder look at some of the planned cost deferrals and some of the other measures, like I said, where we would limit hiring and some of those other flex-related items that are more one-timers. It just gives us more flexibility to potentially turn back on those spigots in the event we get success there.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

If we see opportunity to execute on recurring savings opportunities, we would obviously carry on with those. Does that make sense, Andrew?

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

Yeah, it does. Given the weather challenges, it's been a while since you were in invest mode as opposed to lean mode. That would be a good situation.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Okay.

[Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO at CMS Energy]

Yeah, one can only dream.

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

I think I had. Yeah. Kind of like the 10.25. My other question, I think I asked you this after a storm a few years ago. What grade would you give yourselves in terms of reliability from this storm? I know, obviously, it's been a focus and the Liberty audit came out last year, but how would you evaluate the performance after the storm?

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Much, much, much better. I would point to customers and policymakers, real positive sentiment with both. We're not seeing what we saw in 2023, which was just a lot of aftermath after the storm. We've improved greatly through process, through investments, and we've got a lot of positive feedback. I do not want to be too boastful. I have still kind of got to grade myself hard. Let's say like a B plus. I still think there's room for improvement, but it's a lot different fact pattern than we had back in 2023.

[Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank]

Very good. Thank you so much.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks.

[Operator]

Our next question is from the line of Sophie Karp with KeyBank. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

[Sophie Karp, Analyst at KeyBanc]

Hi. Good morning, guys. Most of my questions, yeah, most of my questions have been answered, but maybe I can just ask you a high-level question on the economy in Michigan. I guess the unemployment rate, which was a little elevated for the state, what are you seeing from your customers, if anything, in terms of what are they saying about the activity? Are they adjusting to the new kind of reality with the tariffs and everything else? Any color would be helpful.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

I still see a lot of positive indicators in Michigan. Part of it I talked about in response to a question in my prepared remarks, particularly in the 2-3% low growth. The fact that data centers are accelerating, the fact that manufacturing customers are still moving forward with projects, and we can see that construction, and then in some cases asking to expand, or at least in one case asking to expand, are promising indicators. If I go right down to today, right, and remember when we follow the margin and it is in the residential commercial space, we still see solid performance there. If you look into—and we do this—we look into permits and housing starts. If you look at that Grand Rapids metropolitan area, permits, housing starts for single-family continue to increase. For multifamily commercial, continue to increase.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Those are positive indicators. The other one I look at is relocations, is what we call it, or alterations. Those are customer-requested work for changes at their home or their business. Maybe they need a larger meter to be able to serve their load. Maybe they need the meters moved because they're putting an addition on their home or their business. That, of course, went up in the pandemic as people went home and invested in their homes. That is still elevated. That's still above pre-pandemic levels, which is another good indicator about people investing in businesses and in their homes, particularly in the residential and commercial space. That gives us a lot of confidence that the sales piece of resi and commercial continue to be—and where the margin is—continue to be solid.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

The other thing I'll point out is there's always pluses and minuses when you get in the industrial space. I talked about that a little bit with Julien in the Goshen piece. When I look at our mix and how diversified Michigan is, and we surprise people with this number sometimes, there are 4,000 businesses in Michigan in the aerospace and defense industry. 4,000, including now Saab in our service territory. In this federal administration, you can make a strong bet that defense spending is going to increase. That is a real positive for Michigan. The other one I like to point to is that we're the second most diverse state from an agriculture perspective. What we've seen over the last 10 to 15 years is more of that processing of foods move closer to the fields, move closer to the farm.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

As a result, there's a lot more processing and manufacturing of food, and that's growing in this environment. Even in the worst scenarios, even in the worst scenario of a recession, people still need food, bread, milk, and those dairy products. A long-winded way of saying we still see a lot of positive indicators in our service territory, which gives us a lot of confidence of Michigan and a forward look.

[Sophie Karp, Analyst at KeyBanc]

Thank you. That's all for me. Appreciate the call.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. That concludes our Q&A. I would now like to hand back to Mr. Garrick Rochow for closing remarks.

[Garrick Rochow, President and CEO at CMS Energy]

Thanks, Harry. I'd like to thank you for joining us today. I look forward to seeing you at the upcoming EEI Financial Forum. Take care and stay safe.

[Operator]

That concludes today's conference. We thank everyone for your participation.

Participants

Executives

• Jason Shore, Treasurer and VP of Investor Relations
• Rejji Hayes, Executive Vice President and CFO
• Garrick Rochow, President and CEO

Analysts

• Durgesh Chopra, Analyst at Evercore ISI
• Andrew Weisel, Analyst at Scotiabank
• Alex Zaman, Analyst at Morgan Stanley
• Julien Smith, Analyst at Jefferies
• Gregg Orrill, Analyst at UBS
• Jeremy Tonet, Analyst at JP Morgan
• Sophie Karp, Analyst at KeyBanc
• Michael Sullivan, Analyst at Wolfe Research
• Travis Miller, Analyst at Morningstar
• Constantine Lednev, Analyst at Guggenheim Partners