Orchid Island Capital Q4 2025 Earnings Report

Orchid Island Capital EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.19
• Consensus EPS: $0.19
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.01
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Orchid Island Capital Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $124.78 million
• Expected Revenue: $35.74 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$89.04 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Orchid Island Capital Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2025
• Date: 1/29/2026
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Friday, January 30, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 10:00AM ET

Orchid Island Capital (NYSE:ORC) is a real estate investment trust that specializes in investing in residential mortgage‐backed securities (RMBS), with a primary focus on mortgage pass‐through securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae). Structured to elect and maintain status as a REIT under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, the company’s principal business strategy involves acquiring pools of U.S. residential mortgages in the secondary market and holding them to generate interest income. To enhance returns, Orchid Island Capital typically employs moderate leverage through secured repurchase agreements with a diversified group of financial institutions.

Since its formation in 2005, Orchid Island Capital has concentrated its investment activities exclusively on the U.S. residential mortgage market, targeting seasoned pools of government‐guaranteed mortgage loans. The company seeks to capitalize on the spread between the interest earned on its mortgage‐backed securities and its cost of financing. By adhering to conservative underwriting criteria for the asset classes in which it invests and maintaining a diversified counterparty base for financing, Orchid Island Capital aims to manage credit and liquidity risk while delivering consistent income to its shareholders.

Orchid Island Capital completed its initial public offering in June 2013 and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ORC. The firm is governed by an independent board of directors and a management team with extensive experience in mortgage finance, structured securities and REIT operations. Orchid Island Capital continues to monitor shifts in mortgage prepayment speeds, interest rate dynamics and regulatory developments in the U.S. housing finance sector to inform its portfolio management and risk‐control practices.

Orchid Island Capital Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Q4 financials beat and book value rose: Net income was $103.4M ($0.62/share), book value increased to $7.54, and total return for Q4 was 7.8% while the company maintained a $0.36 quarterly dividend.
• Positive Sentiment: Large, well-timed portfolio and equity growth: Agency MBS grew to $10.6B (≈27% in the quarter) and the firm doubled equity/assets in 2025, deploying ~75% of 2025 acquisitions when spreads were wide (weighted average purchase spread ~108 bps).
• Positive Sentiment: Repositioned into higher-coupon, call‑protected pools and lower costs: Management shifted toward 5%–6.5% production/premium specified pools to raise carry and reduce spread/duration sensitivity, while funding costs improved (average repo rate down from 4.33% to ~3.98%) and the company cut its expense ratio to ~1.7%.
• Neutral Sentiment: Hedge posture is defensive and swap‑centric: roughly 69% of repo notional hedged, increased pay‑fixed swaps on the front end and added short TBA positions in 5s–6.5s, leaving a low portfolio duration (≈2.08) and a modest positive duration gap (~0.17 years).
• Negative Sentiment: Prepayment and technical risks could pressure earnings: CPRs rose in Q4 (15.7% vs 10.1% in Q3), higher‑coupon TBAs showed faster implied speeds that trimmed carry on sixes, and potential GSE activity plus inconsistent roll vs. Fed‑cut pricing introduce downside risk to spreads and yields.

Presentation

[Operator]

day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Orchid Island Capital Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Melissa Alfonso. Please go ahead.

[Melissa Alfonso, Head of Investor Relations at Orchid Island Capital]

Thank you, Dee Dee. Good morning, and welcome to the fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call for Orchid Island Capital. This call is being recorded today, January 30th, 2026. At this time, the company would like to remind the listeners that statements made during today's conference call relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements subject to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Listeners are cautioned that such forward-looking statements are based on information currently available on the management's good faith, belief with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements.

[Melissa Alfonso, Head of Investor Relations at Orchid Island Capital]

Important factors that could cause such differences are described in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the company's most recent annual report on Form 10-K. The company assumes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements. Now, I would like to turn the conference over to the company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Robert Cauley. Please go ahead, sir.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Thank you, Melissa, and good morning. I hope everybody's had a chance to download our deck off of our website. As usual, that's what we'll be using for basis of the call today. And again, as usual, I'll just walk you through the deck. I'm joined here today by Jerry Sintes, our controller, and Hunter Haas, our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Investment Officer. Starting on the third page, I'll just kind of give you an outline. Jerry will quickly go through our results and discuss our liquidity position. I'll then go through the market developments, which basically shape the market that we operated in and the impact that that had on both our results for the fourth quarter and then also our outlook going forward into 2026.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Then Hunter will spend some time discussing the portfolio, hedge positions and so forth, developments during the quarter, positioning in the portfolio as of today. And then we'll have a few concluding remarks. We have some information in the appendices that we want to share with you, and then we will take your questions. So with that, I'll turn it over to Jerry.

[Jerry Sintes, Controller at Orchid Island Capital]

Thank you, Bob. If we go kind of page five, I'll begin with the financial highlights for the fourth quarter. During the fourth quarter, we earned $103.4 million in net income, which equates to $0.62 per share, compared to $0.53 in Q3. Our book value at the end of the quarter was $7.54, compared to $7.33 at the end of the Q3. Stockholder equity at the end of Q4 was approximately $1.4 billion. We paid dividends during the quarter of $0.36, which has been the same rate for a couple of years now. Total return for the quarter, which takes into account the change in book value and the dividend, was 7.8% for Q4, compared to 6.7% for Q3.

[Jerry Sintes, Controller at Orchid Island Capital]

Turning now to page six, we'll look at some of the portfolio highlights. During Q4, we had average MBS of $9.5 billion, compared to $7.7 billion in Q3. At the end of the year, that the actual balance was $10.6 billion, so we grew a lot, approximately 27% during the quarter. Our leverage for Q4 was 7.4%, which is the same as Q3. Liquidity during the quarter, at the end of the quarter, was 57.7% and 57.1% at the end of Q3. That's a little higher than our historic numbers, which are usually around 50%. Reason for that is primarily because of lower haircuts, which are around 4% at the end of the year.

[Jerry Sintes, Controller at Orchid Island Capital]

Prepayment speeds for the quarter were 15.7%, compared to 10.1% in Q3. On page seven and eight are our financial statements, which you can read on in the deck or in our earnings release last night. Now I'll turn it back over to Bob.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Thanks, Jerry. I will start with the market developments on page 10, as I always do. The top left, this is the Treasury curve here. This curve is actually a very good place to start because it basically encapsulates what went on during the quarter. Recognizing that these three lines just represent snapshots, if you will, of the cash curve as of 9/30, 12/31, and 1/23, or one week ago. In fact, rates were more or less steady throughout the quarter, and rates traded in a very tight range. Realized interest rate volatility obviously was very low, and implied vol in the swaption market was declining throughout the quarter and really has declined for quite some time. What's behind this? Well, typically, economic data, for one, as it comes out, tends to drive interest rate movements.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Prior to the quarter, the data was basically considered to be suspect because of well-discussed issues at the various entities that collect the data. And then we had the government shutdown on 10/1. So basically, you went from having suspect data to no data at all, and then when the government reopened, you had very much delayed data that was still considered suspect. So basically, there was not much to drive interest rates other than geopolitical events and or political events, which did, but not meaningfully so. If you look to the right, you can see the swap curve is fairly similar, but it did move more, and that's all swap spreads.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I'll discuss in a few moments why that is, but we basically had swap spreads moving up, as in less negative, and that's why you see movement in the curve from the red line up to the blue and the green line. If you look at the spread between the three-month Treasury and the ten-year bill, really hasn't changed much for over a year, but there's been movements elsewhere in the curve. Moving on to slide 11, this is very germane to what's going on. The spread of the current coupon mortgage to the ten-year Treasury. As you can see, this is a very long look-back period. This goes all the way back to 2010. And the thing that sticks out very obviously is how much we've tightened, of late, and especially since year-end.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

The most recent data point there is last Friday. You can see it's at about 80 basis points. If you look back to the period, say, between the taper tantrum in 2013 up until the outbreak of the COVID pandemic, mortgages traded in a very tight range, centered at approximately 75 basis points, say, and we're basically there. And obviously, the most recent development, which has become evident on the bottom left, when you just look at these prices, this is, again, same chart we always use. These are selection of 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%, and these are normalized prices. So this basically shows you the price movement relative to the starting point at the beginning of the quarter. And as you can see, especially with respect to lower coupons, they had a very good quarter.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Then if you kind of try to focus in on what happened around January eighth, when the administration announced that the GSEs would be buying up to $200 billion of mortgages, performance was affected. In the case of lower coupons, they went materially higher. In the case of higher coupon 6s, they gave up performance. And the reason, remember, these are TBAs, not pools. And the reason that the higher coupon suffered is simply because the anticipation is that the administration's goal is to lower mortgage rates, increase affordability of housing, which would drive prepayments faster. So current market pricing, as reflected in the futures market for any of the higher coupons, 5, 5.5, and 6 and above, are for very, very fast speeds, and lower coupons did very, very well.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Looking to the right, you can see in the TBA market, especially the 4 roll and the 3.5 have been really much on fire, very strong. And this reflects the relative value trading because these coupons are below par, not going to be subject to prepayments, and if the markets rally, these will be obviously the targets for purchases. So they've done extremely well. So the technical, they're strong. That being said, going forward into 2026, to the extent that plays out and those coupons are produced because rates are lower than the supply will overwhelm the demand, and that probably relative performance will go away, but that very much remains to be seen. Moving on to slide 12.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I talked a moment ago about swaption volatility, and you can see that this trend is very, very clear and strong past year-end, even today, vol continues to decline. The peak that you see there on the top left, that's Liberation Day, early April of 2025. We all know what happened that day, but vol has done nothing but come off and continues to do so. And if you kind of look at it in a historical context, going on the bottom of the page, we go back to, you know, 10+ years now. We're pretty much back to the levels that we were at back during the days of the Fed rate suppression regime, when the Fed was using QE to keep rates artificially low.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

In doing so, obviously, they suppressed volatility, and it was indeed suppressed very low for many years, and we're basically back to those levels. What happens from this point on remains to be seen, but we are at a very low environment, and we know that mortgage is very much susceptible to implied volatility, because it affects option values, especially in prepayment models and the like. And with option values very low, then mortgages can do well, and in fact, they have. Turning to the next slide, on slide 13, we see a sample of swap spreads. The blue line is a two-year swap, and the purple line is a ten-year. And as you can see, going back through the quarter, and really since the second half of the year, these have been moving higher or less negative. Why is that?

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Well, the Fed announced at the October meeting that they were going to end QT. The market anticipated that, swap spreads started to move, and then they announced in December at their meeting, reserve management program, in which they are going to be buying up to $40 billion of bills. And so the logic behind that is a recognition on the part of the Fed that as the economy grows, that their balance sheet should grow in proportionate fashion. As a result, they will be growing, so they're taking out bills, which also helps brings the Fed's Treasury holdings in line with the outstanding universe of Treasuries, because historically, they have not owned bills.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

It also has implications for the funding market because bills are an investment option for money market lenders, and to the extent that the Fed is buying them, that allows more funding available for repo, such as ourselves, repo borrowers. Our hedge position, and Hunter will discuss this in greater detail later. But as you can see, we look at our hedge positions from the perspective of DV01. That's just our sensitivity of our hedge instruments to movements and rates. And you can see it's very heavily concentrated in swaps, and this is the reason why, what we just discussed, we expect that this may continue for some time. Moving on to slide 14, these are the same charts we've had for a while. As you can see, something has changed, but not much.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

On the top left, the red line is in the mortgage rate, but it's still at 6.38%. The refi index, while it's higher, it's not high. It's still quite low. I think if you look on the right-hand chart, you get an idea why. While mortgages have tightened substantially, and we mentioned that the current coupon mortgage spread to the 10-year Treasury was 80 or 90 basis points, the 10-year is about 4.25. These spreads and available mortgage rates to borrowers are still north of 6. So the spread for the borrower, not for mortgage-backed security, but for the borrower, is still relatively wide. It has not tightened as much as mortgage-backed securities have.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

As a result, mortgage rates available to borrowers are still close to 200 off the 10-year, and therefore, refinancing activity, while it's picked up some, is still not particularly high. Chart 15, just basically the same picture I like to show. The red line just shows you the supply of money, M2, and the blue line is just the economy, GDP, in nominal terms. As the chart implies, the economy is still awash in liquidity. The takeaway from this, I believe, is that it's hard to say that financial conditions are overly tight. If you look at the economy, the GDP data, retail sales, you know, they've not really weakened precipitously, and this might help explain why that might be. With that, that's the end of my discussion of the macro backdrop.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I will turn it over to Hunter to discuss the portfolio.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Thanks, Bob. Turning to slide 17, just a few highlights for the quarter. During the quarter, we purchased $3.2 billion of agency specified pools. The breakdown of the purchases is $892 million in Fannie 5s, $1.5 billion Fannie five and a halves, $600 million Fannie 6s, and $283 million Fannie six and a halves. All these pools had some form of call protection, primarily lower loan balances, loans that were originated in refi-challenged states like New York or Florida, and loans backed by borrowers with low credit scores, high LTVs or high DTIs or the like, some sort of credit impairment that would keep them from being able to refinance as readily as borrowers that didn't have those constraints.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

On a modeled yield, our acquisitions were in basically the low 5% range, and we did sell some assets that were yielding mid-4s at the time we sold them. The repositioning enhanced our carry profile while mitigating our exposure to higher rates and spread widening as the higher coupon mortgages have much less spread duration sensitivity than the lower coupons that we sold. Turning to slide 18, this is a new chart we just put in to kind of recapture what happened throughout the course of the year. Over the course of 2025, we experienced substantial growth, doubling both our equity base and MBS portfolio.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Important to note that this growth occurred at a time when MBS spreads were at historic wides, allowing us to build a portfolio with strong long-term return potential. The line on the slide shows a time series of Morgan Stanley index that tracks zero volatility spread over the Treasury curve for a hypothetical 30-year MBS priced at par. The green shaded area highlights the timing of our asset purchases during 2025 and into early 2026. Over 75% of the $7.4 billion in acquisitions that we made during the last year and a month or so occurred at a time when the index when this index was well over 100 basis points. On average, the spread level of all of our purchases was 108 basis points.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

And that's the weighted average of the Morgan Stanley index at the time we made the acquisitions, I should say. So turning to slide 19, as you can see, we've talked about this in the past, our portfolio evolution. As mortgage spreads tightened throughout the year, we increased our allocation to production and premium coupons, primarily 5s-6.5s. This strategic shift reflects the fact that lower coupon MBS, which carry greater spread sensitivity, i.e., duration, significantly outperformed higher coupon assets during the course of the last year. Initially, we executed this sort of strategic portfolio shift through acquisitions, deploying new capital into higher coupons.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Then in mid-December, we took a more active portfolio management approach by actually selling lower-yielding 3s, 3.5s, and 4s, reallocating that into higher carry, lower duration and spread duration pools in the 5%-6.5% range, as I previously discussed. Turning to slide 20, just to make a few quick notes about our funding costs. Our funding costs saw meaningful improvement over the quarter, driven primarily by Federal Reserve policy actions. We benefited from two rate cuts and the Fed's announcement that it would begin purchasing $40 billion in Treasuries per month, plus an additional roughly $15 billion tied to MBS paydowns through its reserve management purchase program. Orchid's average repo rate declined from 4.33% at the beginning of the quarter to 3.98% by quarter end.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

After the December 10 FOMC meeting, SOFR initially settled into the upper 3.60s before spiking to 3.87% into year-end. During that time, repo spreads to SOFR also widened, kind of pushing from the mid-teens into the low- to mid-20 basis point range. So we had a little bit of funding pressure going into year-end. Since year-end, the funding environment has improved markedly. SOFR settled in the 3.63%-3.65% range, and Orchid's repo spreads have trended to the 14 basis point area, call it. So we're kind of on track to turn over the repo book in sort of the 3.8% range, going into the next few months, as we don't really expect any Fed cuts before the next governor is sworn in. Turning to slide 21.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Just want to do an overview of the hedges. Our hedge notional remained relatively stable over the quarter. At the end of the quarter, we were 69% of outstanding repo, just slightly lower than the 70% it was at the end of the third quarter. The unhedged notional portion of the portfolio stands to benefit from a material decline in short-term rates and tighter repo funding spreads as monetary policy continues to ease. As rolls weaken and mortgage spreads tighten, we also adjust our hedges positions by increasing our TBA shorts, primarily in 5s through 6.5s. As mortgages tighten, we put on a little bit of basis hedge.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

It's not material, but, you know, just sort of legging in as we saw mortgages tighten for several months in a row. We added pay-fixed swaps on the very front end of the curve, further improving our downside rate protection. Slide 22, in a little more detail. This slide helps visualize the hedge adjustments I just discussed. The end of the third quarter, we had virtually no outright TBA hedges. The short positions you see here reflected a 15/30s coupon swap we had in place, which we'd maintained for several months. Now shown here, we're outright short 5.5s and 6.5s, and we put on a small short in 5s in early January.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

On the Treasury hedge side, we continue to reduce our exposure there, and it's reflected in the top left table. And then as we acquired new specified pools, we hedged them almost entirely with interest rate swaps. And we were focused more on the very front end of the curve. As rates come down, the duration of the portfolio shortened, and we put these hedges on at a time when there were still several rate cuts baked into 2026, which has unwound a little bit since. Net of the unwinds that we did during the quarter, we added $950 million two-year pay-fixed swaps, $800 million three-year, $90 million five-year, and $75 million in seven-year.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

The strategy is aimed at locking in the, as I said, the market-predicted rate cuts while fine-tuning the hedge book to account for the shorter net duration of the portfolio. On slide 23, just gonna kind of quickly go over some of the risk metrics in the portfolio. We like to follow these measures. You'll notice the portfolio duration remains low at 2.08. That's a direct result of our higher coupon skew, which carries less duration exposure than the lower coupon alternatives. The shorter duration profile is a key part of our risk management strategy. It performed better in a sell-off or a spread widening event, which we think could occur. It offers us more defensive positioning than the 3s, 3.5s, and 4s, which we sold in December.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

On the other hand, this profile will benefit less from further tightening, which we've actually have seen in January, which is consistent with our modestly lagging performance versus some of the peer group has reported since Trump's announcement in January, how they wanted the GSEs to purchase $200 billion more MBS in their retained portfolios. Also, just want to note the OAS shown here. So for OAS, for 5s to 6.5s remains quite attractive in the 50-60 basis point range, reflecting our strong call protection in our portfolio. For comparison, when we published Q2 earnings call deck, the same OAS levels were at least 20 basis points wider.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

This tightening reflects improved technicals and more constructive tone in agency MBS markets, but also speak to how well-timed our 2025 purchases were. Slide 24, I'll discuss the interest rate risk profile. You can see we continue to maintain a very flat interest rate profile. You'll notice the portfolio has some negative convexity. This is reflected in the fact that both the +50 and -50 interest rate shocks show small mark-to-market losses. It's a natural result of hedging a convex agency MBS asset with more linear instruments like swaps and futures. December 31st, our DV01 stood at 122,000 long. As of now, more recently, it's increased slightly to 178,000. The duration gap also moved modestly throughout the fourth quarter.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

It was -0.07 years at 9:30, +0.12 years at 12:31, and currently sits at approximately 0.17 years. Turning to slide 425. Prepayment speeds were a major focus during the fourth quarter, especially given our relative underperformance of up-in-coupon TBAs. However, as we've emphasized in the past, Orchid's assets are exclusively invested in specified pools with call protection. And this positioning insulated us from the more dramatic impacts seen in the TBA markets. That said, speeds did trend a little bit higher in the quarter, particularly for sixes, sixes and higher coupons, which reduced carry slightly and trimmed yields in those positions.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Looking forward, we expect prepay speeds to moderate modestly, which would improve carry, and we continue to closely monitor, in light of the potential Fed actions and influence of GSE-related policy headlines that could put a little bit of upward pressure on speeds. But I think that most of that is probably baked in at this point. To wrap it up, 2025 was a great year for us. We took advantage of a dislocated market, and while staying very disciplined with respect to risk and liquidity. We raised capital when spreads were wide, put it to work in production coupons, and call protected pools that should deliver great carry with lower interest rate sensitivity.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

We continue to manage our leverage tightly with the end of the year, with a very flat duration profile and our hedging where we see the most risk, which has continued to be sort of into a reignition of inflation type of bear steepening rate shock scenario. That's where we think that companies like ours get pinched the hardest. So with that, I'll turn it back over to Bob for his concluding remarks.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

All right, thanks, Hunter. Thank you very much. Just a couple of things I want to go over. Just kind of spend a few moments just talking about our outlook. Hunter did a very good job of disclosing how, discussing how we're positioned and our hedge outlook and so forth. But it seems, even though mortgages have tightened quite a bit, based on what you see in the market and the sentiment in the market, it seems that it could continue, especially if you look at alternative assets available to multi-sector fixed income investors. Investment-grade corporate spreads are at or near the tightest levels we've seen since the late nineties. High yield spreads are tight as well, and there's at least a prospect of the GSEs, you know, becoming more active.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I think it's debatable how much $200 billion per year represents in terms of an increase, because from what we see, their current run rate is not far from that. But in any event, to the extent they become, stay there or become more active, you could see mortgages tighten further from here. And then with respect to just the rate outlook, generally speaking, and, you know, what, what would be on the horizon that would make you, make you think we're going to see a meaningful change, you know, there isn't anything really there now, although, as you know, those are famous last words. So to the extent we kind of stick around here and mortgages continue to grind tighter, the portfolio should do well.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

You know, everybody in our space has benefited from the benign rate environment in the fourth quarter and really 2025 generally. We could see a continuation of that. And until we get the next black swan event or shock, it should remain a decent environment. Certainly, compared to a year ago, mortgages aren't as attractive. But that being said, I don't think it's unrealistic to think we could see some further tightening. One thing I do want to point out, though, which is, I think very important, I want to turn your attention to slide seven. And we discussed this, Jerry went over this briefly, but what I want to point out, if you look on slide seven in our balance sheet, you can see that the company basically doubled over the course of the year, size-wise.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

So whether it's shareholders' equity or our total assets, they basically increased by a little over 100%. If you look at the income statement for the year on slide eight, you see that our expenses were up much less than 100%. Now, you could argue that that's somewhat misleading because the growth occurred over the year, and what's more relevant is kind of your run rate at the end of the year, which would be consistent with the current size. That's a valid point. So if you look at the income statement on the prior page, page seven, for the fourth quarter, you compare the fourth quarter of 2025 to the fourth quarter of 2024, that should capture the lion's share of that growth. And indeed, our expenses did go up, but certainly far, far less than double.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

And so now I want to turn your attention to a slide in the appendix, which is, if I can get there, slide 33. In slide 33, this is what we, kind of our expense ratio. So basically, this is all of our G&A expenses, inclusive of our management fee, in relation to our shareholders' equity. And as you can see, you know, back pre-COVID, we were running in the high 2s, close to 3%. Then we had the COVID breakout, and then, of course, this prolonged Fed tightening cycle, which forced some de-leveraging, and our expense ratio got up over 5%. But now we're running, our current run rate as of the end of 2025 is 1.7%.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I'm not going to name names, but we all know that there are two other agency REITs out there that are substantially larger than us, and their expense ratios are not meaningfully below that. So when you get our 10-K next month, you will see, for instance, that our management fee did go up, in fact, over the course of the year, but the rest of our G&A expenses only increased very marginally. So we have been controlling expenses and allowing the company to grow, obviously, and this is the byproduct. This is the benefit of that, is bringing the expense ratio down. So that just makes the company more profitable on a go-forward basis, all else equal. And then the final thing I want to bring your attention is, given that it's year-end, on slide 42, this information has been lifted right off of our website.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

On the bottom of the page, or on the top of the page, you see the dividends for 2024 and 2025. As you can see, for every month, the dividend was $0.12. The next column, tax, total ordinary dividends, that's basically taxable income-derived dividends, and then the non-dividend distribution, and the second to last column, that is just the return of capital. That basically tells you that in the case of 2024, 95.2% of our dividends were derived from taxable income, and in the case of 2025, 95.0% were derived from taxable income. The dividend was $0.12 per month for the year, and basically, we were distributing all of our taxable income.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Had the dividend been, say, for instance, $0.11 instead of $0.12, we would have slightly underdistributed our taxable income and either had to make a special dividend at the end of the year or opted to potentially pay tax on the undistributed earnings. So just want to, you know, bring this to your attention, show you that the dividend policy does reflect current taxable income, both for the 2025 and 2024, and that our dividend, in relation to the taxable income is very slightly overdistributed, less than 5% last year and 5% this year. So with that, I will turn the call over to questions, operator.

[Operator]

Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Mikhail Goberman of Citizens. Your line is open.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Hey, good morning, gentlemen. Hope everybody is doing well. Hi.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

How are you, Mikhail?

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Doing well, thank you. A little cold here, but it's all right. Couple of questions. I guess we could start, and forgive me if I missed this. I dialed in maybe three or four minutes after ten. Any update on current book value?

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

We do not give that. We have accrued and reflected the dividend in our current book. So our book is up just ever so slightly reflective of the dividend. After the dividend accrual, we'd be up, I think, 1.6%.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Okay.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

We're basically up just slightly, inclusive of the accrual of the dividend.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Inclusive of the dividend. Okay. I was wondering if I could get your thoughts on prepays. Going forward, obviously, the CPR went up quarter-over-quarter, given the portfolio construction, but also, prepays with respect to your prepay-protected portfolio, and what kind of, what kind of, premiums you guys are paying on those, on those prepay-protected pools, respect to?

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I'll say a few words, and then I'll turn it over to Hunter.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Thanks.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

I would say that the securities in the portfolio, we targeted par to slight premiums. As you can see on the charts, you know, 5, 5.5, 6, and lesser extent, 6.5, but it's mostly 5.5 and 6s. And those are modest prepays. We're not paying up for the highest forms of protection. So the premiums have been tried, you know, mindful to keep the premiums kind of from being too high. I'll turn it over to Hunter, and then I want to say a few words about the prepay outlook beyond the next few months.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Yeah. So over the last couple of years, we've really tried to focus on, I'd say the bulk of our acquisitions have been in just sort of like the first premium coupon or the first discount coupon.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

And we were, you know, at times able to, you know, even add sevens, you know, using that strategy. So from a historic cost perspective, we've always been very tight, not getting too far out into premium land. And we've focused really more on kind of the mid-tier call protection. We think that the old low loan balance, you know, 85, 110 Ks, those are really expensive stories. New Yorks have gotten pretty expensive. We've been really focused a lot more on sort of leaning into this so-called K-shaped recovery by focusing on, you know, more credit-sensitive borrowers. We think that they have a hard time refinancing, doing

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

... buying things like high LTV, first time homebuyer type of pools. You know, we've focused on geos, like the state of Florida is great. There's a tax that's punitive for refinancing, but also home price depreciation is really sort of helping out with the portfolio there. So we've seen very good performance, especially after the Trump announcement about the GSEs. The sort of knee-jerk reaction was that the higher coupon MBS TBAs didn't perform very well at all. But you know, once things kind of stabilized, we've really seen good appreciation in all of those specified pool stories underlying those coupons.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

As I alluded to in my prepared remarks, we've taken advantage of the fact that rolls have weakened in order to shed a little bit of basis exposure, because those rolls are so cheap now, it actually makes a little bit of sense to be short the TBA and long the specified pool. So that's kind of how we're thinking about things.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Yep. Just to add some one number to that, if you go on slide 34, and you can do this, obviously, type of numbers, you don't have to do it right now, but the weighted average current price at year-end was basically $102.5. So that would be all-in price.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Yep.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

By comparison, the price at the end of September was, you know, a little over 101, call it 101 and 2 ticks. So we shifted the portfolio up in couponing. The weighted average coupon at the end of the third quarter was 5.50. It's now 5.64, so slightly higher, but of course, the market has moved, so the price is at 102- basically, 102 and 18 is the, is the price. So yeah, it's a premium, but we've tried to avoid real high premiums.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

It's just not that kind of market. I mean, we going back to post-COVID, you know, we were buying New York threes with, like, dollar prices of $110 and change, right? So, you know, we just don't have the kind of premium in the marketplace now that, owing to the kind of the relatively high nature of interest rates. So it will compress earnings to the extent that we see an acceleration in speeds. And, but, we could think the combination of the call protection we have in the portfolio and the fact that we just don't have huge premiums on, is not gonna really move the needle too much.

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

Yeah. I would just add that if you look at the roll market, you know, 5.5, 6s, and 6.5, the speeds implied in those rolls for the next few months are extremely high, you know, 55, 60 CPR. So that's fine for the next few months, but if you kind of step back and look at the balance of the year, I think a number of market participants, ourselves included, don't really think we're gonna see a lot more Fed cuts. I think the economy-

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Right

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

... is quite strong. The inflation's good. So let's, now let's think about that. So the current Fed funds rate is 3.64%, and the two-year yield's like 3.54%. So if you don't think the Fed's gonna cut rates much over the next two years, do you really think the two-year should be yielding lower than Fed funds? Second question you might ask is, given that, do you think that, for instance, 2s10s is going to invert? I don't think so. So the current ten-year is at 4.25%. If the two-year moves higher, unless that curve flattens, the ten-year should also move higher. So now you've gone the two year-ten-year is going from 4.25% to whatever, 4.50%. The current mortgage rate available to borrowers is 6% or low sixes, right?

[Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO at Orchid Island Capital]

So if rates are gonna go higher over the next year, I don't think that rate's not going down unless mortgage rates to borrowers tighten substantially. And I don't know how likely that is. So if you have the cheapest available borrowing rate at 6, 6.5, pushing up to 7%, you know, a 6% mortgage-backed security implies basically a 7% gross WAC. You know, that's not that in the money, especially if mortgage rates push to 6.5% and higher. So are they gonna sustain 50 and 60 CPR? I don't know, but I think there's kind of an inconsistency in market pricing between the mortgage dollar roll market and the, say, for instance, market pricing of Fed cuts. There's-- They don't seem to jive. Anyway, that's my two cents.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Thank you. That's very helpful. If I can squeeze in one more. I appreciate the,

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Sure.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

... the good work done on getting expenses down. How much more available capacity you guys have for driving that down further going forward, do you think?

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Well, it's the, I don't-- I should probably get you the numbers. Maybe we'll try to work on that for the next quarter, but almost all of the increase in our expenses was management fee. Unfortunately, we don't have detailed line item expenses here, but I, you know, from memory, re-reading through, you know, drafts, non-management fee expenses were only up in the few hundred thousand dollars. So it's gotten to the point that pretty much it's the management fee, and our, and our marginal management fee is 100 basis points.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Yeah.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Right? And, you know, our management fee is 250. The first layer is up to $250 million, and there's a layer at 150 basis points. Then from $250 million to $500 million is 125 basis points, and everything over $500 million is 100 basis points. So now every dollar of capital we raise, the marginal management fee is 100 basis points, and the non-management fee expenses are going up very modestly in low percentage points. So, you know, just as we if we double from here, I don't have—I'd have to run the numbers, but it's that trend would continue. I don't know how much lower it goes, but it should be asymptotic towards 1%, right?

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Gotcha.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

If the capital were $500 billion, our management fee, you know, we'd have to pay ourselves something, but, I mean, management fee would be basically 100 basis points plus whatever your, you know, audit fee and your legal fee and whatever.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

Right.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

That's, that's kind of where it could go.

[Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens]

That makes sense. Thank you, guys. Appreciate it.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Yep. Thanks.

[Operator]

Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn it back to Robert Cauley for closing remarks.

[Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO at Orchid Island Capital]

Thank you, operator. I hope we didn't scare everybody off the call with the length of that answer, but, to the extent anybody has call or questions that come up, either because you didn't have time to answer them, ask them now, or you didn't listen to the call and you want to catch us later, please feel free to do so. The number in the office is 772-231-1400. Otherwise, we look forward to talking to you again next quarter. Thank you.

[Operator]

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Hunter Haas, CFO and CIO
• Jerry Sintes, Controller
• Melissa Alfonso, Head of Investor Relations
• Robert Cauley, Chairman and CEO

Analysts

• Mikhail Goberman, VP of Equity Research at Citizens