Cronos Group Q4 2025 Earnings Report

Cronos Group EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.02
• Consensus EPS: $0.01
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.01
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Cronos Group Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $58.39 million
• Expected Revenue: $38.51 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$19.88 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Cronos Group Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2025
• Date: 2/26/2026
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, February 26, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 8:30AM ET

Cronos Group (NASDAQ:CRON) is a Canadian cannabinoid company dedicated to the cultivation, production and distribution of cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD) products for both medical and adult-use markets. Headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, the company manages operations that span the full cannabis value chain, including breeding, greenhouse cultivation, extraction, product formulation and packaging. Cronos Group’s business model emphasizes innovation in product development and scalability in manufacturing to meet evolving regulatory and consumer demands.

The company’s branded portfolio includes Peace Naturals, which focuses on pharmaceutical-grade medical cannabis; Spinach, a line of adult-use cannabis oils and tinctures; and Cove, a range of wellness-oriented CBD offerings. Cronos Group also collaborates with research partners to explore novel formats such as edibles, softgel capsules and vaporization devices, leveraging in-house extraction technologies and proprietary formulations.

Founded in 2012, Cronos Group has expanded its footprint beyond Canada through export agreements and strategic partnerships in key international markets, including Israel, Germany and Australia. In December 2018, the company entered a landmark strategic investment with Altria Group, which acquired a 45% equity stake to accelerate Cronos Group’s global expansion and product innovation efforts. Cronos Group also formed Cronos Fermentation, a joint venture with Ginkgo Bioworks, to explore fermentation-based production of rare cannabinoids at scale.

Under the leadership of CEO Michael Gorenstein and a senior management team with deep expertise in consumer packaged goods, biotechnology and regulatory affairs, Cronos Group continues to prioritize research and development, operational excellence and responsible growth. The company’s strategic focus remains on advancing scientific innovation, broadening its product portfolio and expanding its presence in regulated markets worldwide.

Cronos Group Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Record 2025 financials — Cronos reported Q4 net revenue of $44.5M (up 47% YoY) and organic full‑year net revenue growth of 25%, with record full‑year gross profit and Adjusted EBITDA, and a strong balance sheet of $832M cash and short‑term investments.
• Positive Sentiment: Canadian brand and product momentum — Spinach led growth (vapes rose to #2 overall and #1 in vape cartridges in Q4), Sours edibles approached ~22% category share, and the new all‑in‑one PUFFERZ vape launched in select provinces with broader rollout planned in early 2026.
• Positive Sentiment: International expansion and Netherlands acquisition — Israel net revenue grew 52% YoY and Cronos agreed to acquire CanAdelaar for €57.5M (~$67.5M) with earnouts, positioning Cronos in the Dutch adult‑use program and expanding its European footprint; management called the deal accretive.
• Negative Sentiment: Near‑term margin and operational headwinds — Q4 adjusted gross margin weakened due to GrowCo expansion production quality mix and expense timing (Adjusted EBITDA was only $0.5M in Q4 and below earlier quarters), though management expects margins to normalize toward a ~43% run rate and CapEx to be modest in 2026.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning. My name is Corey, and I'll be your conference operator today. I would like to welcome everyone to Cronos Group's 2025 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Earnings Conference Call. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star one one on your telephone. You will hear an automated message advising you your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Harrison Aaron, Senior Director, Investor Relations and Corporate Development. Please go ahead.

[Harrison Aaron, Senior Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development at Cronos Group]

Thank you, Corey, and thank you for joining us today to review Cronos' Fourth Quarter and Full Year Financial and Business Performance in 2025. Today, I am joined by our Chairman, President, and CEO, Mike Gorenstein, and our CFO, Anna Shlimak. Cronos issued a news release announcing our financial results this morning, which is filed on our EDGAR and SEDAR+ profiles. This information and the prepared remarks will also be available on our website under Investor Relations. Before I turn the call over to Mike, let me remind you that we may make forward-looking statements and refer to non-GAAP financial measures during this call. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

[Harrison Aaron, Senior Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development at Cronos Group]

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations are detailed in our earnings materials and our SEC filings that are available on our website, by which any forward-looking statements made during this call are qualified in their entirety. Information about non-GAAP financial measures, including reconciliations to U.S. GAAP, can also be found in the earnings materials that are available on our website. Lastly, we will be making statements regarding market share information throughout this conference call, and unless otherwise stated, all market share data is provided by Hifyre. We will now make prepared remarks, and then we'll move to a question and answer session. With that, I'll pass it over to Cronos's Chairman, President, and CEO, Mike Gorenstein.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Thanks, Harrison. Cronos delivered a record year in 2025, growing net revenue by 25% organically, underscoring the continued strength of our core business and the progress we are making towards our strategic priorities. We achieved record net revenue in the fourth quarter and for the full year, we delivered record full-year gross profit and adjusted EBITDA. These results reflect strong consumer demand for our leading brands and the growing contribution from Israel and our international platform. In Canada, we delivered record quarterly net revenue, up 42% year-over-year, with key contributions from flower, vapes, and edibles. Spinach continues to be a standout performer in the Canadian market and the second most popular brand nationally. In vapes, Spinach delivered stellar performance in the quarter.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

In December, Spinach became the number two overall vape brand in Canada, rising from the number four share position in the first quarter of 2025. Within the vape cartridges subcategory, Spinach achieved number one market share in the fourth quarter with our Cherry Crush and Blueberry Dynamite flavors as the two best-selling vape cartridges nationwide. This performance in vapes is a testament to our ability to leverage extensive R&D and consumer insights work to develop market-leading products that strongly resonate with consumers. We're looking to build on this momentum, and towards the end of the fourth quarter, we unveiled Spinach PUFFERZ, our newest innovation in the all-in-one vape device category. PUFFERZ offer bold flavors of high-quality liquid diamond-infused cannabis in a modern palm-style format, with a dual ceramic coil for maximum flavor and smooth draws, and a uniquely satisfying tactile grip.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

PUFFERZ initially launched in select markets within Canada, with distribution broadening to other Canadian provinces in early 2026. Innovation continues to be one of our biggest competitive advantages. PUFFERZ is another example of how we raise the bar on product quality, design, and flavor. As we continue building loyalty with consumers, our focus remains on creating products that look, feel, and taste great, delivering the exceptional experiences that define the Spinach brand. In edibles, SOURZ continued to deliver strong growth while maintaining category leadership, with market share approaching 22% for the quarter. Growth was driven by Fully Blasted multi-packs, which, despite having just launched in mid-2025, were four of the top 10 selling edibles SKUs in Canada in the fourth quarter, including the number one edibles SKU nationwide, reinforcing Spinach's leadership position in edibles and demonstrating the success of our innovation pipeline.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

In flower, Spinach remained the number four brand in the quarter, with supply constraints limiting growth potential. With the expansion of GrowCo now complete and the expanded cultivation space continuing to get dialed in, we expect these supply constraints to ease in 2026. Turning to Lord Jones, the brand remains the market leader in Canada in hash and live resin-infused pre-rolls, reinforcing its strength in premium formats where quality and differentiation matter most. Earlier this month, Lord Jones launched in Israel with a lineup of curated premium flower offerings featuring cold-cured large buds available in a series of limited-time drops, marking an important step in broadening the brand's presence. Internationally, PEACE NATURALS and Lit posted another impressive quarter. In Israel, net revenue grew 52% year-over-year, the 8th consecutive quarter of record net revenue for Cronos in the market.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

PEACE NATURALS remained the top-selling brand in the market based on pharmacy data collected by Cronos, continuing to benefit from strong brand equity, consistent product quality, and stellar commercial execution. Outside of Israel, PEACE NATURALS and LIT drove a strong quarter for our other international markets, with net revenue up 68% year-over-year, led by growth in Germany as shipment timing normalized and demand remained strong. We capped off the year with a December announcement that we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire CanAdelaar, with closing expected in the first half of 2026. CanAdelaar is the largest company operating within Netherlands' legal adult use cannabis program, based on CanAdelaar management data, and is the only industrial-scale greenhouse cultivator within the program.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Under the agreement, Cronos will acquire CanAdelaar for upfront consideration of EUR 57.5 million, or approximately $67.5 million, subject to certain adjustments, with additional continued consideration based on 0.5x CanAdelaar's normalized EBITDA in 2026 and 2027. The Netherlands has a deep cannabis heritage, and its coffee shops, which serve as cannabis retailers, are known worldwide to have played a foundational role in the evolution of the legal cannabis industry. The Dutch legal adult use cannabis program was enacted in 2020 to establish a closed, regulated cannabis supply chain in 10 participating municipalities, with the startup phase beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, and the program officially launching on April 7th, 2025.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

The program is scheduled to run for four years from that date, with the Dutch government retaining the option to extend it by up to an additional 18 months. The program is well-designed and regulated to limit cannabis to responsible levels among adult consumers only, serving as a potential model for other countries. We are committed to the continuity of the program in cooperation with regulators, municipalities, and all industry stakeholders to ensure its long-term success. Under the program, all 72 cannabis retailers in the 10 participating municipalities are now required to source their cannabis products exclusively from one of 10 licensed producers, including CanAdelaar.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Including the 72 cannabis retailers in the program, there are a total of 562 cannabis retailers in the Netherlands, based on data from the Dutch government, allowing for a potentially significant increase in the addressable market should the program be eventually expanded to additional municipalities or nationwide. European expansion is an important area of focus for us, if completed, acquiring a market leader in Europe's largest adult use cannabis market will allow us to further leverage our investments in borderless products at scale. Combined with a highly attractive financial profile and the expectation for accretion from the transaction, we're excited to bring CanAdelaar under the Cronos umbrella and to build upon the foundation that the company has established.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Cronos maintains the strongest balance sheet in the industry, with no debt and $832 million in cash equivalents, and short-term investments, allowing us to continue investing in growth, innovation, and global expansion. I'll turn it over to Anna to walk you through our fourth quarter and full year financials.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

Thanks, Mike. Good morning, everyone. I'll now review our fourth quarter 2025 results. The company reported consolidated net revenue of $44.5 million, a 47% increase year-over-year. The net revenue increase was driven by higher cannabis flower sales in Israel, Canada, and other countries, and higher cannabis extract sales in the Canadian market. Gross profit and adjusted gross profit in the fourth quarter were $16.2 million, equating to a 36% margin, a 670 basis point improvement from the 30% adjusted gross margin in Q4 2024. The year-over-year margin improvement was driven by higher average sales prices, due primarily to a mix shift to Israel and other countries, and higher sale volume. Adjusted gross margin declined from the levels realized in the first three quarters of 2025.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

This was driven by adverse production quality mix at GrowCo, as GrowCo dialed in the expansion, as well as an expense timing in Q4 as part of that ramp-up. For full year 2025, adjusted gross margin of 43%, and we would view this as a reasonable margin level for the business. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring costs and imparments, were $22.5 million in the quarter, a modest year-over-year increase of $0.3 million. Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter was $0.5 million, an improvement of $7.7 million year-over-year, driven by higher adjusted gross profit. While remaining positive, adjusted EBITDA was lower than reported in the first three quarters of the year, given the gross margin pressures and expense timing. We remain confident in the operating leverage of the business as production stabilizes and scale efficiencies are realized.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow statement, the company ended the quarter with $832 million in cash equivalents, and short-term investments, up $8 million from Q3 2025, driven primarily by positive cash flow from operations before changes in working capital of $18 million and $3 million of proceeds from the sale of the Cronos fermentation facility, partially offset by $7 million working capital outflow, $4 million of share repurchases, and $2 million of CapEx spend. In addition to this cash balance, we hold $21 million of loans receivable and $8 million of other investments. In summary, our fourth quarter jump in top line set a net revenue record, setting the stage for bottom line growth in 2026.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

For full year 2025, we achieved record net revenue, gross profit, and adjusted EBITDA, demonstrating continued improvement in our operating fundamentals as we execute against our business objectives. With that, I would like to hand it back to Mike for a brief comment before going into Q&A.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Thanks, Anna. In summary, we delivered meaningful improvements to our business and financial results in 2025, growing net revenue organically by 25% year-over-year, strengthening our competitive positioning across key markets and product categories. It's important to understand the context of this organic growth relative to our peers. While most of our peers have ATMs and have been issuing shares to fund their businesses, with our strong balance sheet and self-sustaining business, we have an active share repurchase program that led to a declining share count over the course of 2025. Looking ahead to 2026, we continue to be committed to our share repurchase program. We also will be opportunistic and disciplined while evaluating M&A opportunities.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

CanAdelaar is an example of a transaction that allows us to advance our borderless product strategy and establish a strong foothold in an important market. In addition to new market opportunities, we will also look for strong brands and IP that we can add to our portfolio. We see multiple drivers of continued momentum this year. The expected closing of the CanAdelaar transaction, increased production capacity following GrowCo's expansion, continued growth in our branded products, and our increasing presence in international markets. We remain focused on delivering sustainable top-line growth and attractive growth margins, while maintaining disciplined cost management as we continue to scale Cronos globally and position the business for long-term success. Thank you, and we'll now open the call for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. At this time, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Bill Kirk of ROTH Capital Partners. Bill, your line is open.

[Bill Kirk, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Hey, good morning, everybody. I was hoping to talk a bit about product allocation coming out of the new GrowCo capacity. You know, how are decisions made of where to send that product? How did it kind of get allocated in 4Q? And are there any considerations like permit timing or things like that might change the future allocation from what we see in 4Q?

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Great. Thanks, Bill. you know, I think when, you know, when trying to figure out how to deal from a position of shortage and allocate, you know, there's been a balance between how do we make sure that we're keeping, you know, a certain level of demand in markets, but also focusing on margin. I think now that, we have more supply coming online, I expect kind of the, you know, the quality of supply to be consistent with what we've historically had. We'll be able to start filling more product in Canada, but also, you know, be a little bit more aggressive in scaling in Europe. I think, you know, in Q4, you saw us trying to get a lot of the new product coming out.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

We didn't maybe have the same normal fill as we would, but that should go back, starting this year to more consistent with what we had in the past, with the exception that there's more product available for Canada than we historically had.

[Bill Kirk, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Got it. Then, Anna, you talked about go-forward gross margins, you know, being similar to 2025 full year levels. What in particular leads to improving gross margin off what you reported in Q4? Is it more price? Is it better mix? Is it lower costs? Then with the greater sales and scale from GrowCo, why can't gross margin be higher than 2025?

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

Thanks, Bill. Yeah, so, I mean, in Q4, there was a kind of couple, you know, adversities we faced. We had some expansion-related production quality mix from the GrowCo scale up, as well as some one-time expenses that flowed through COGS due to the ramp up. Kind of those headwinds has impacted Q4, which we don't expect to have going forward. That's why we feel like that full year, 43% margin range is reasonable for us for the business. Look, I think, you know, there's potential for some margin expansion in the future, but we have to really be balanced, right? You could also have margin compression in Europe. We don't really know at this moment, but we feel good about kind of that full year 2025 run rate going forward.

[Bill Kirk, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners]

Okay. Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. Our next question comes from the line of Kendrick Tai of Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets. Kenrick, your line is open.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

Thank you. Good morning. If I could just jump in with a follow-up on the gross margin quickly. Annie, you're calling out to the similar levels to full year 2025. Just for clarification, would those expectations factor in the close of CanAdelaar, or is there potential further upside, and that's perhaps what you're alluding to in your comment about there could be some further expansion through the year? How should we just think about the potential evolution here, following up on your earlier comment?

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

Sure. My comments were just for Cronos as a standalone business, not considering CanAdelaar.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

Right.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

It is a profitable business as well with, you know, very nice gross margins. We could see some margin expansion from that. Just from, I'm more speaking to our business as a standalone.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

Great.

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

That go forward. Mm-hmm.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

I appreciate the clarification. Then just, timing in the quarter, if I could, just, you know, looking to the revenue and the revenue beat. You did call out that, you know, sort of 68% growth in international, I think was +52% in Israel. How much of the revenue beat in quarter was timing shift versus just, you know, call it pure Q4?

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

Sure. Some of the, there was some timing shifts for those international markets outside of Israel, going from Q3 to Q4. We had some kind of shifting timings move into Q4, the rest is, you know, pretty, our business is growing. You know, you should expect to see that from us going forward across our markets.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

Great. Sorry, maybe just one quick final one. You know, CapEx, any sort of key initiatives we should be thinking through this year? Or is it reasonable to think that we'd be looking at something, you know, less than $10 million on the year, given the spend in Q4 and, you know, what we currently understand your needs or build will be in 2026?

[Anna Shlimak, CFO at Cronos Group]

I think that's right. I think those are appropriate levels for us going forward.

[Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets]

Great. Thank you. I'll get back in queue.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Neal of TD Cowen. Ryan, your line is open.

[Ryan Neal, Equity Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Morning, everyone. This is Ryan stepping in for Derek. just want to quickly start in the domestic market. obviously saw Canada was up more than 40% year-over-year. Can you guys just talk a little bit about some of the drivers there? especially, I know you mentioned in Q3, there were still some softer flower sales due to the domestic supply constraints.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Thanks. Yeah, I think the, you know, one of the biggest drivers here is just having additional supply, and I think that's something that you'll see continue to work through. You know, before this quarter, we've really just been struggling with how to allocate the limited product we had, and I think now that we're starting to have more product come online, that allows us to fill existing demand in, you know, in the markets that we're already in.

[Ryan Neal, Equity Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Great. Then you guys obviously have a pretty large capital base. I'm just curious how you view the current pipeline of potential opportunities and how you might deploy some of that moving forward.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Sure. You know, I think, staying committed to the buyback is an important thing for us. You know, there's a lot that we're looking at internationally. You know, I think whether that falls in the bucket of a new market, and is there anything we can do to expand our platform? Are there new products, new brands that we can, you know, put on our existing platform and get the benefit of expanding those into new markets? You know, we'll continue to be disciplined and be opportunistic. You know, as you've seen from 2025, you know, when there's opportunities, we'll certainly act on them.

[Ryan Neal, Equity Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Great. I'll just put one more question in here. Curious about some of the innovation you guys are doing. I know you last call mentioned a few launches. How are those trending, and sort of what are the categories that you're seeing the most strength in?

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

I think one that you don't always see sort of immediately, and it's harder to measure, but genetics is a really important one for us. There's a lot we've been doing, you know, over the years, breeding, and I think you know, you're seeing every year the successes that come out of that, and we have some really interesting projects in genetics, very excited there. Continuing to innovate in, you know, in edibles is really important for us, keeping SOURZ fresh. I think that maybe the most exciting one for, you know, for this quarter and you'll see showing up in the data in Q1, is in vapes, PUFFERZ. It's our all-in-one.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

We've, you know, put a lot of time and work into making sure that this is, gonna be a big driver for us, and I think you're seeing the early success already. PUFFERZ is, you know, what I think all of us are very excited about right now.

[Ryan Neal, Equity Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Great. Thanks, everyone.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. Our next question comes from the line of Pablo Zuanic of Zuanic & Associates. Pablo, your line is open.

[Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates]

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Mike, can you explain, you know, in the context of the consolidation we are seeing in Germany, you know, High Tide and DEMECAN, OGI, Sanity, why Holland was a priority over Germany, especially with the market consolidating and some distributors still being available? Thanks.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Sure. You know, I think when I look at Germany, you know, the first thing is, there's still regulatory uncertainty, and you've got some movement that's going through. We expect, you know, in the coming months to get certainty. I also think when you, when you look at availability of licenses, you know, distribution and opportunity to get into the market, there's plenty of opportunity to get in. There are, you know, many options there.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

I think from a business model perspective, it can be difficult because some of the distributors that you look at buying, well, you know, they have many brands on the platform, there's a lot of different distribution, and I think, you know, you're not sure if you're picking up a business, are you still gonna have that distribution business because they're distributing your competitors. It's something we continue to evaluate, think about the smartest way that we could deepen our presence in the market. We thought the Netherlands was much more sort of on strategy. It's a market that, you know, without making a acquisition, we would have no way to get in because it's closed as far as import/export. It has its own supply base, its own brands.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

You know, we feel like it's not a step towards getting towards adult use and building a brand. It's moving directly into the adult use market in a place where you've had a 50-year history of adult use sales, and we think gets the most brand leverage, you know, for any market across Europe, just given the kind of culture and history around the Netherlands coffee shops. So we thought it just made a lot of sense, and it was a really unique opportunity for us.

[Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates]

Thank you. Just a quick follow-up. Look, I mean, in markets like Australia, we've seen operators, distributors taking control of downstream assets, whether it's clinics or even online pharmacies. We're beginning to see that in Germany, apparently, and it's happening in the U.K. I mean, Curaleaf owns a clinic there and an online pharmacy. How do you think about downstream opportunities, medium, longer term, or is that something that you prefer not to be involved in? Thanks.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Thanks. It's a great question. I think, you know, we take a really long-term view on any acquisitions and capital spend, and I think it can be market specific, but I'm always looking at where do I think the market's gonna end up? You know, and if it's something where it's a more temporary business or we're worried regulations are gonna change it's something where we prefer to be a customer than an owner of the asset. But if I think it's gonna be locked in for longer and, you know, we can model it out and see there's a long-term payback to being an owner versus a customer, then it's something we would consider. I think it's really market specific.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

you know, but I do go back to the experience we saw early in Canada. If it's a market where we think it's gonna go adult use, or if it's a market where we think that regulations can change, you know, what that funnel looks like, it's something we would rather just spend the money to help with marketing and demand versus be sort of an owner of that part of the funnel.

[Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates]

Thank you. One last one, if I may. you know, I know this is going back in time, but what lessons can you take from the option you had acquired in PharmaCann, right? You had an option to buy, I think, a stake in the company. I know that's a while ago, but what lessons did the company learn from that, and how do you think about that lesson, as the U.S. begins to reschedule? Thanks. That's it.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

I cut out there for a minute. I heard what lessons, and can you just repeat the part after that? I apologize.

[Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates]

I'm gonna repeat. I'm sorry. I'm gonna repeat. Going back in time, I believe that Cronos had an option to acquire a stake in PharmaCann in the U.S., right? That company hasn't done too well. What lessons did Cronos learn from that, and how does that color your thinking about future opportunities in the U.S. as that country reschedules cannabis? Thank you.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Thank you. No, that's a, that's a great question. I think, you know, there's two things that I would specifically point to. You know, the first is that when we did that, it was a little bit of a, of a hedge. If you recall, the timing it was around sort of craze around the STATES Act. We didn't. It was roughly 10% on the option, and part of the reason was we wanted to make sure we had distribution secured if you had reg move. Part of that is it's still important we didn't do a, you know, a larger stake and that we were being, I'd say, a little bit more disciplined and controlled. I think also and a bigger part is that you can't really move ahead of regulations.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

I think what we've seen in this industry is that when you try to be aggressive and move ahead of regulations, it doesn't usually work out. Specifically in the U.S., I think trying to get creative with structures doesn't always work to your advantage, and making sure that you have, you know, path to control and you have, you know, ways of operationally being able to pivot when things change is pretty important. You know, the U.S. is really the market where I think those lessons are gonna be most applicable, you know, given the federal legality, but size of the business in spite of that.

[Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO at Cronos Group]

Still, you know, I think extremely important market and something that we monitor and think of other ways to get in, but, you know, it, it feels like until you have the actual opportunity to move in and operate and be able to directly own, it's better to just continue developing, you know, the portfolio and building up, you know, strength outside of the U.S.

[Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates]

Yeah. All right, thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. This concludes the Cronos Group questions and answer session. Thank you very much, and you may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Anna Shlimak, CFO
• Harrison Aaron, Senior Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development
• Mike Gorenstein, Chairman, President, and CEO

Analysts

• Bill Kirk, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at ROTH Capital Partners
• Kendrick Tai, Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis and Consumer Growth at Canaccord Genuity Capital Markets
• Pablo Zuanic, Founder, Managing Partner, and Equity Research Analyst of Cannabis, Psychedelics, and Consumer at Zuanic & Associates
• Ryan Neal, Equity Research Associate at TD Cowen