Chagee Q2 2026 Earnings Report

Chagee EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.37
• Consensus EPS: $0.33
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.04
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Chagee Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $502.59 million
• Expected Revenue: N/A
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Chagee Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q2 2026
• Date: 8/28/2026
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Friday, August 28, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 8:00AM ET

Chagee (NASDAQ:CHA) Holding Limited operates the CHAGEE beverage brand, which specializes in freshly prepared tea drinks inspired by traditional Chinese tea culture. Its menu includes tea-based milk beverages, fruit tea and other drinks made with tea leaves, milk and related ingredients. The company positions CHAGEE as a premium, modern tea brand serving customers through branded retail locations.

Founded in 2017, Chagee has expanded its store network primarily through mainland China, while also serving customers in Southeast Asia. Its international markets include Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia. The company’s business model includes a combination of company-operated and franchised stores, supported by standardized products, store operations and brand marketing.

Chagee Holding Limited is led by founder, chairman and chief executive officer Junjie Zhang. The company’s shares trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CHA.

Chagee Q2 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Negative Sentiment: Domestic performance softened: Q2 GMV fell 3.3% sequentially to RMB 7.66 billion, with Greater China GMV down 4.5% and average monthly GMV per store declining to RMB 338,259.
• Positive Sentiment: Profitability and cost discipline improved: GAAP net margin rose to 13.6% from 2.3% a year earlier, while non-GAAP G&A and sales-and-marketing expense ratios declined substantially; the company reported its 14th consecutive quarter of positive net income.
• Positive Sentiment: Product innovation is supporting customer acquisition: Chagee launched a record 17 products in Q2, while Geelato pilots lifted offline GMV by more than 20% and Lemon Tea Latte increased first-time member acquisition by 45% during its launch period.
• Positive Sentiment: Overseas expansion remained a major growth engine: Overseas GMV increased 114.3% year over year and 18.2% sequentially to RMB 504 million, with the company entering South Korea and expanding to 399 international stores across eight markets.
• Positive Sentiment: Management expects recovery in the second half: July same-store sales declined by only low-single digits and August is expected to turn positive year over year; Chagee has also repurchased approximately $30 million of shares under its $150 million authorization and is evaluating regular dividends.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning and good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to Chagee's second quarter 2026 earnings conference call. We will be hosting a question-and-answer session after management's prepared remarks. Please note that today's event is being recorded. With that, I will now turn the call over to the first speaker today, Ms. Alicia Guo, Investor Relations Director of the company. Please go ahead, ma'am.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

Thank you. Hello, everyone, and welcome to Chagee's second quarter 2026 earnings call. With us today are Mr. Junjie Zhang, our CEO, Mr. Aiden Yin, our COO, and Mr. Aaron Huang, our CFO. The company's financial and operating results were released by the newswire earlier today and are currently available online. Before we continue, I refer you to our Safe Harbor statement in the earnings press release, which applies to this call.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on assumptions as of today, and Chagee does not undertake any obligations to update these statements. Also, this call includes discussions of certain Non-GAAP financial measure. Please refer to our earnings release, which contains a reconciliation of Non-GAAP measure to GAAP measure. With that, I will turn the call to our CEO, Mr. Junjie Zhang. Please go ahead, sir.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Chagee's second quarter 2026 earnings call. As we entered 2026, our strategy has stayed focused on the fundamentals of the business, centered on doing well by the things our consumers truly care about. In the first quarter, we completed a systematic review of our organization, product, and marketing roadmap, laying the foundation for high-quality growth. While the external environment saw some volatility in the second quarter, these changes have only reinforced our conviction.

[Translator]

The ability to navigate cycles ultimately comes down to genuine consumer recognition. The more complex the market, the more important it is to return to the fundamentals. The more intense the competition, the more important it is to perfect every consumer touch point. All of our work in the second quarter was built around this logic, not as reactive response, but as a more focused commitment to our proven path.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

The tea beverage industry is going through a structural change. On the supply side, the fresh milk tea category is now crowded with more players, and a competitive landscape has shifted from shared growth in an expanding market to competition over a fixed space, raising the intensity of competition. On the demand side, shifting generational value require brands to find new ways of telling their story. The old playbook, built on high-profile positioning and loud marketing, has lost its effectiveness.

[Translator]

What consumers are looking for today is individual self-expression and a genuine sense of comfort. Brands need to become a gentle touch point that resonates with the individual, connecting through sincerity and responding to consumers with care. On the channel side, intensified competition among delivery platforms is reshaping consumer behavior. The public domain has expanded meaningfully and become a key competitive arena for brands. Meanwhile, traffic distribution has become increasingly diversified and fragmented. Brands must closely track where consumers are moving and allocate resources efficiently.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

In response to these changes, we are building our capabilities across four dimensions. First, strengthening our core capabilities. At the front end, we are enhancing our innovation capabilities, striving for excellence, embracing new directions, and fully unlocking the creativity of our branding and product teams. In the middle office, we are reinforcing our support infrastructure. Innovation alone is not enough. We also need strong capabilities to mobilize resources and deliver our goals.

[Translator]

We are therefore continuing to upgrading our operating system, channel capabilities, consumer operations, and IT infrastructure to support our growing scale.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Second, broadening our product mix. Beyond Original Leaf Fresh Milk Tea, we are actively exploring additional categories, including the special deals and Geelato recently launched in the second quarter. We want to test more product formats to meet our consumers' increasingly diverse needs. This requires us to continue reforming our supply chain capabilities and operating system to provide a solid foundation for category expansion.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Third, enhancing consumer reach. On one hand, we are using flexible and diverse content marketing to connect with consumers and expand our traffic funnel. On the other hand, we are expanding our reach through penetration across more consumer scenarios.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Fourth, we're evolving our value proposition. As consumer needs evolve, our brand value proposition also needs to iterate with the times. Through emotional resonance and experience-driven retention, we aim to turn new consumers into loyal, long-term Chagee friends.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Connecting through tea is our enduring value. Perfecting the art of tea, bringing Chagee to the world, and building a premium brand with exceptional user experiences. This is our unwavering direction and standard. We continue to build our capabilities towards this goal. With every step deliberate and grounded, we believe that the more complex the environment, the more important it is to return to the fundamentals: making great products, serving our consumers well, and refining every tea house.

[Translator]

As we continue to deepen our capabilities across product innovation, marketing innovation, organizational efficiency, consumer operations, and overseas expansion, we're confident in achieving high quality, sustainable growth in any market environment.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Last quarter, we announced a share repurchase program of up to $150 million. As of August 24th, we have executed approximately $30 million in repurchases. Through continued action, we want to demonstrate the company's firm confidence in its long-term value and deliver a tangible return on our shareholders' trust.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Next, I will hand the call over to our COO, Aiden, who will walk you through the execution during the quarter. Thank you.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Thank you, Junjie, and thank you all for joining our earnings call today.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Let me begin by sharing our overall performance for the second quarter. Total revenue reached RMB 3,415 million, representing a 2.5% increase year-over-year and a 3.7% decrease quarter-over-quarter. GAAP net income was RMB 465 million, representing a net income margin of 13.6%, a substantial improvement from 2.3% in the same period last year. Non-GAAP net income was RMB 489 million. Non-GAAP net margin was 14.3%, stable on a sequential basis.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Total GMV for the second quarter was RMB 7,660 million, down 3.3% sequentially. Greater China GMV was RMB 7,156 million, down 4.5% sequentially. Overseas markets stood out, with GMV reaching RMB 504 million, up 18.2% sequentially and 114.3% year-over-year, continuing to serve an important growth engine for us.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

This quarter, we continued to advance our high-quality growth strategy across four key dimensions. First, we accelerated new product launches. We launched a total of 17 new products this quarter, the highest number in a single quarter in our history. Our offerings have expanded from Original Leaf Fresh Milk Tea to include special deals, Lemon Tea Latte, Matcha Latte, Geelato, and other series. Within loose tea fresh milk tea, we successfully brought back two classic products.

[Translator]

Melon oolong tea milk reached an average of 110 cups per teahouse per day in its first week, with a cup share of nearly 20% and the highest first-time member penetration of any new product this year. The return of Longjing tea latte drove overall GMV up nearly 25% sequentially during the Tomb Sweeping Day period, outperforming last year.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

On category expansion, the special deals designed for weekend leisure occasions averaged 124 cups per tea house per day during its first three days, and contributed to double-digit weekend GMV growth. The launch of the Lemon Tea Latte also increased the first-time member acquisition by 45% during the launch period, underscoring its effectiveness in attracting new customers. In addition, we piloted Geelato in selected tea houses, combining loose tea leaves with Italian Geelato craftsmanship.

[Translator]

As of August, Geelato has been introduced in more than 190 tea houses and has been well received by our Chagee friends. Recent pilot store performance indicates meaningful improvement, with average offline channel GMV increasing by more than 20%. Geelato has also demonstrated a strong ability to attract new customers, reactivate dormant members, and increase in-store traffic.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Second, our marketing continues to build a high-value brand core, deepening brand character and cultural resonance through a series of high-impact collaborations, exploring upgrades at the intersection of culture and tea. In June, we formed a strategic partnership with the Aranya Theater Festival and opened our first Chagee Imagine Tea space in July. We also partnered with the Hubei Provincial Museum to launch the country's first museum-themed tea house, drawing on traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage to position tea as a meaningful cultural medium.

[Translator]

By clearly communicating our brand values and philosophy, we have strengthened emotional connections with consumers and translated that engagement into consumer acquisition and loyalty. As of the end of June, our total registered members reached 257 million. The repurchase rate among active members remained above 43%, while members who made two or more purchases accounted for more than 78% of total orders.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Third, we continue to benefit from our more streamlined and efficient organizational structure. In the second quarter, our Non-GAAP G&A expense ratio declined to 9.1%, compared with 13.2% in the prior year, and down 2.5 percentage points sequentially. Our Non-GAAP sales and marketing expense ratio narrowed down to 8.8% from 10.6% a year ago, remaining within a healthy single-digit range and broadly in line with the 8.6% level reported in the first quarter.

[Translator]

These improvements are not simply cutting spending, they reflect a more disciplined and efficient approach to resource allocation. We're executing faster, with greater precision and stronger coordination, while focusing our resources on initiatives that create the most value for consumers.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Fourth, we continue to prioritize high quality growth across our tea house network while advancing our tea house expansion. As of the end of June, our global network totaled 7,639 tea houses, representing a net increase of 108 locations from the prior quarter. This includes 7,240 tea houses in Greater China and 399 overseas. We're now present in eight overseas markets including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and the United States and South Korea.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

This quarter marked our first entry into South Korean market. Our three Seoul tea houses sold over 16,000 cups combined in their first three days, with pre-opening app downloads exceeding 46,000. Average daily cup volume per tea house reached 1,648 in May, demonstrating the strong regional appeal and competitiveness of the Chagee brand. During World Tea Day, we introduced new offerings under the BO·YA Tea Latte series across the Asia Pacific region.

[Translator]

The series increased average cups sold per tea house across the region by 52% during its first 15 days. In Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, the BO·YA Tea Latte series accounted for more than 30% of cup volume, underscoring the cross-market appeal of our core product offerings.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Looking ahead, we remain focused on a clear set of priorities. On products, we will maintain a consistent launch cadence, expand into new categories, and continue enhancing ingredients, including sugar and dairy bases, to lead the development of healthier tea beverages. On service, we will further optimize our membership program and overall consumer experience. Across our tea house network, we will prioritize high quality growth in Greater China while expanding overseas in a disciplined manner.

[Translator]

We will also upgrade equipment to help ensure product consistency and improve operating efficiency. On experience, we will continue to differentiate our tea houses through thoughtful design, creating a third space where consumers genuinely want to spend time. Finally, on brand, we will stay closely aligned with market trends and continue elevating the tea experience through brand enhancements, consistent product quality and improved consumer experience and an evolving training system.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

That concludes my remarks. Now let me turn the call over to our CFO, Aaron, who will walk you through the detailed financials. Thank you.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Thank you, Aiden. Hello, everyone. Thank you for joining our earnings call. Before we begin, please note that all amounts are in RMB and all comparisons are on a year-over-year basis unless otherwise stated. As Junjie and Aiden outlined, the second quarter presented a softer macro backdrop and a more challenging competitive landscape across the industry, and our results reflect that environment. What I want to emphasize is that even as top line growth moderated, we maintained the operating discipline we established earlier this year and our profitability held largely intact.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

We view this as evidence that our cost structure and organization efficiency gains are durable, not a one-time, and that they give us a stable foundation to keep executing our strategic priority regardless of the external environment. With that context, let me walk through the quarter in detail. Total GMV was RMB 7,660.3 million in the second quarter, down 3.3% sequentially from RMB 7,917.8 million in the first quarter. As of June 30th, 2026, our Teahouse network totaled 7,639 locations across Greater China and overseas, up 8.5% from 7,038 a year ago.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Of these, 6,756 were franchisee Teahouses, and 883 were company-owned Teahouses. In Greater China, average monthly GMV per Teahouse was RMB 338,259 in the second quarter, compared to RMB 356,080 in the first quarter. Meanwhile, overseas, total GMV grew 114.3% year-over-year and 18.2% quarter-over-quarter from RMB 426.4 million in the first quarter to RMB 504.0 million in this quarter. Overseas markets remains our clearest growth engine. Same-store GMV growth in Greater China improved by 7 percentage points year-over-year and was broadly flat sequentially.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Overall, same-store GMV growth improved by 6.9 percentage points from a year ago and remained relatively stable compared with the prior quarter. On the revenue line, our net revenues increased by 2.5% year-over-year to RMB 3,414.6 million in the second quarter. Net revenue from franchisee Teahouses were RMB 2,474 million, representing 72.5% of total net revenue, compared to RMB 3,020.7 million a year ago. Net revenue from company-owned Teahouses were RMB 940.6 million, up 202.2% from RMB 311.2 million a year ago, mainly as a result of continued development of the company-owned Teahouses network across Greater China and overseas markets.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Turning to margin, our gross profit calculated by excluding cost of material, storage, and logistics from net revenue reached RMB 1,843.4 million this quarter, resulting in a gross margin of 54%, flat year-over-year. Our organizational enhancements drove a meaningful year-over-year declining in operating expenses. Share-based compensation expenses totaled RMB 23.9 million in the quarter, and it reflects our focus on retaining and motivating employees, while aligning their interests with those of shareholders.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

To provide a greater clarity on underlying operational performance, we will continue to reference non-GAAP operating results with full reconciliations available in our earnings release and the Form 6-K. Operating income was RMB 524.7 million, representing an operating income margin of 15.4%, increased significantly from 3.2% in the same period of a year ago, benefiting from our strategic organizational adjustment and a continued disciplined cost management.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Excluding share-based compensation expenses, non-GAAP operating income was RMB 548.6 million, representing a 16.1% margin compared to a 17.1% margin in the first quarter of 2026. Operating costs for company-owned Teahouses were RMB 566.8 million, up 207.8% from RMB 184.1 million a year ago, consistent with the continued build-out of our company-owned network. Other operating costs decreased by 33.3% to RMB 115.8 million largely due to a decrease of RMB 30.2 million in our payroll expenses, driven by organizational structure enhancement and headcount optimization.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

On a non-GAAP basis, other operating costs accounts for 3.4% of revenues, compared to 4.7% a year ago and 4.3% in the first quarter. Sales and marketing expenses for the quarter were RMB 301.5 million, down 21.7% from RMB 385 million a year ago, mainly due to a more streamlined branding and marketing team, together with improved efficiency in advertising placement and precision marketing. On non-GAAP basis, sales and marketing expenses represented 8.8% of revenue, compared to 10.6% a year ago and 8.6% in the previous quarter.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

General and administrative expenses reached RMB 334.5 million, down 64.6% year-over-year from RMB 944.6 million. The decrease primarily reflected a lower share-based compensation expenses, reduced payroll, facility, and professional service costs, and the absence of IPO-related expenses incurred in the prior year period. On a non-GAAP basis, G&A expenses represented 9.1% of revenues, compared to 13.2% in the same period a year ago and 11.6% in the first quarter.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

Income tax expenses represented 20% of income before income tax, compared to 62.1% a year ago and 21.2% in the first quarter, the year-over-year normalization primarily reflecting a reduced impact from share-based compensation expenses. Notably, we continued to deliver profitability on both GAAP and a non-GAAP basis, extending our track record to 14 consecutive quarters of positive net income. GAAP net income was RMB 464.8 million. Non-GAAP net income, excluding RMB 23.9 million of share-based compensation expenses, was RMB 488.7 million, with a non-GAAP net margin of 14.3% compared to 18.9% a year ago and flat sequentially.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

For the second quarter, basic and diluted net income per ordinary share was RMB 2.44 and RMB 2.42 respectively. On a non-GAAP basis, basic and diluted net income per ordinary share was RMB 2.57 and RMB 2.54 respectively. Turning to liquidity. We ended the quarter with RMB 6,795.5 million in cash and cash equivalent with restricted cash, and time deposits. This reflects the impact of our share repurchase program commencing on June 1st, 2026, alongside our continued investment in tea house network.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

We maintain a healthy balance sheet that gives us flexibility to keep executing our strategic priorities while returning capital to shareholders. As we move through the remainder of 2026, we will execute against our new product pipelines, enhancement memberships, and the service experience, and maintain a focus on quality as we expand our tea house network in Greater China and overseas. Our confidence in the company long-term value remains firm, and we are committed to return value to our shareholder in a meaningful way. With that, we are ready to begin Q&A.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

Thank you, Aaron. We received a number of questions ahead of today's call. We will now address some of the key topics raised. Our first question relates to the outlook of the second half of the year. How does management view the second half of the year amid the current competitive market environment? Our CEO, Junjie, will address this question.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Thanks for the question. As we just shared, the market environment has changed significantly and competition in the industry has become more intense. We have always believed that the more complex the market becomes, the more important high quality growth is. We see 2026 as a year of adjustment and stabilization. In Q1, we completed the organizational restructuring and conducted a systematic review of our growth strategy. In Q2, we have started to explore areas such new product category expansion and user experience upgrades.

[Translator]

Our core objective this year is not to pursue rapid expansion in scale, but to build a stronger foundation for sustainable growth in the next stage.

[Junjie Zhang, CEO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

In the second half, our work will become more focused and practical. Along the direction of adjustment and exploration, we will put into execution the results and learnings from the first half, one by one. No matter how external environment changes, we will stay focused on the fundamentals, making good products and doing things that matter most to our members. We remain confident in steady development in the second half.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

Our next question relates to same store trends. Could you share how same store have trended so far in the third quarter? Our COO Aiden will address this question.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Thanks for the question. Since the start of Q3, we have seen positive signs of recovery. Same store sales in July showed a low single digit decline, representing a meaningful improvement from the first half. Based on trends so far, we expect same store sales in August to turn positive year-over-year. We believe the improvement reflects that the benefit of our earlier strategic adjustments are gradually coming through.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

There are a few drivers behind this trend. First, our new product strategy continues to contribute. In Q3, we maintained the pace of new launches from Q2, introducing several new products including Guava Peach Grape Tea and Lemon Tea Latte, while also relaunching popular bestsellers such as Lychee Black Tea and Tie Guan Yin Milk Tea. At the same time, since Q3 falls in peak season for tea consumption, recently launched products such as Geelato and special deals are also better suited to the summer heat, effectively driving in store traffic and overall performance.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Second, we continue to refine in-store service and customer experience. We have consistently emphasized a return to fundamentals, and throughout this year, we have continued to refine service details at the teahouse level, improving preparation efficiency and strengthening customer experience. We're translating these seemingly small details into real, tangible outcomes in the form of repeat purchases and word of mouth.

[Aiden Yin, COO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Overall, the improving trends in July and August gave us greater confidence in same-store performance for the second half of the year, while uncertainty remains in the external environment. Our product pipeline is stronger and our strategic direction is clearer, and we believe this recovery is sustainable.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

The last question relates to payout. Does the company have any further payout plans? Our CFO, Aaron, will address this question.

[Aaron Huang, CFO at Chagee]

[Non-English content]

[Translator]

Thanks for the question. Shareholder returns have always been one of the key considerations in our capital allocation strategy. In the fourth quarter of last year, we paid a special dividend of $177 million, which reflects our commitment to returning value to shareholders. Entering 2026 with the organizational optimization and continued improvement in operating efficiency, our free cash flow has remained healthy. This provides a solid foundation for us to explore a more regular and sustainable shareholder return mechanism.

[Translator]

Currently, the board and management are actively and prudently reviewing different options, including regular dividends, while considering our medium to long-term strategy, funding needs for teahouse development and changes in the market environment. We fully understand that it is important for shareholders to share in the results of the company where we maintain high-quality growth. Therefore, continuously enhancing shareholder returns remain a firm direction for us. Management team is currently evaluating the specific details.

[Translator]

We will bring a proposal to the board at the appropriate time, subject to the board review and approval, provide an update to the market.

[Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations at Chagee]

That concludes today's Q&A session. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us or request us through our IR website. Thank you all for your time today. We look forward to reconnecting on our next call. Have a wonderful day.

[Operator]

This concludes today's event. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Alicia Guo, Director of Investor Relations
• Junjie Zhang, CEO
• Aiden Yin, COO
• Aaron Huang, CFO

Analysts

• Translator