JD.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: JD) is one of China’s largest e-commerce companies, offering a comprehensive suite of retail services to consumers and businesses. Founded in 1998 by Richard Liu Qiangdong, the company transitioned from a magneto-optical disc retailer to an online marketplace in 2004. Since its initial public offering on the NASDAQ in 2014, JD.com has grown into a leading direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) and third‐party marketplace operator, focusing on product authenticity, customer service, and speedy delivery.
The company’s core business comprises two main segments: online direct sales and marketplace services. Through its direct sales model, JD.com sources products from manufacturers and sells them directly to customers, ensuring quality control across more than 10 categories including electronics, apparel, home appliances, and fresh food. The marketplace segment allows third-party merchants to list goods on JD.com’s platform, leveraging the company’s digital infrastructure, marketing tools, and customer base. Complementary services such as JD Worldwide facilitate cross-border trade by connecting global brands with Chinese consumers.
Beyond retail, JD.com has built a sophisticated logistics network—JD Logistics—that operates over 1,500 warehouses and deploys automated technologies including drones, robotics, and autonomous delivery vehicles. This in-house logistics arm provides warehousing, transportation, and supply chain management services both for JD.com’s own orders and for external clients. The company has also expanded into cloud computing and artificial intelligence through JD Cloud & AI, as well as digital financial services under the JD Digits and JD Health subsidiaries, offering payment solutions, insurance, and telemedicine services.
Headquartered in Beijing, JD.com primarily serves the mainland China market but has pursued strategic partnerships to expand internationally. Collaborations with global retailers such as Walmart and Sephora, along with joint ventures in Southeast Asia, aim to capture new consumer segments and enhance cross-border retail capabilities. Under the leadership of founder and CEO Richard Liu, supported by a seasoned executive team, JD.com continues to invest in technology-driven fulfillment, omnichannel retail, and ecosystem partnerships to maintain its position as a leading innovator in e-commerce and logistics.
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