As of the most recent reporting period, the following institutional investors, funds, and major shareholders have reported short positions of Morgan Stanley: Jane Street Group LLC, CTC LLC, Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Parallax Volatility Advisers L.P., Millennium Management LLC, Interval Partners LP, CMT Capital Markets Trading GmbH, Capital Markets Trading UK LLP, Cubist Systematic Strategies LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, Caption Management LLC, Nomura Holdings Inc., Twin Tree Management LP, HAP Trading LLC, BNP Paribas Financial Markets, Eisler Capital Management Ltd., PEAK6 LLC, Walleye Trading LLC, Walleye Capital LLC, Groupe la Francaise, ADAPT Investment Managers SA, Capital Fund Management S.A., Garda Capital Partners LP, Credit Agricole S A, Hsbc Holdings PLC, Maven Securities LTD, RPO LLC, Simplex Trading LLC, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Wolverine Asset Management LLC, Citigroup Inc., XY Capital Ltd, Delta Accumulation LLC, Bank of Nova Scotia, Gladius Capital Management LP, Jefferies Financial Group Inc., LPL Financial LLC, Readystate Asset Management LP, Allianz Asset Management GmbH, Portman Square Capital LLP, Caas Capital Management LP, D.A. Davidson & CO., Fulcrum Asset Management LLP, SG Americas Securities LLC, IMC Chicago LLC, Cypress Financial Planning LLC, and CenterStar Asset Management LLC. These positions are disclosed in Form 13F filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.