Annaly Capital Management Q3 2025 Earnings Report

Annaly Capital Management EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.73
• Consensus EPS: $0.72
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.01
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Annaly Capital Management Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $1.55 billion
• Expected Revenue: $493.55 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$1.06 billion
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Annaly Capital Management Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q3 2025
• Date: 10/22/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, October 23, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 9:00AM ET

Annaly Capital Management (NYSE:NLY), Inc. is a publicly traded real estate investment trust (REIT) that specializes in generating income through investment in mortgage-related assets. The company’s core business activities include the acquisition, financing, and management of a diversified portfolio of agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), and other real estate debt instruments. Annaly seeks to profit from the spread between the interest earned on its mortgage investments and its cost of funds, as well as from capital gains realized through active portfolio management.

Founded in 1997 and headquartered in New York City, Annaly has grown to become one of the largest mortgage REITs in the United States. The company went public in 1997 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol NLY. Over the years, Annaly has expanded its investment strategies to include credit opportunities and other yield-oriented products, seeking to navigate a variety of interest rate environments and credit market conditions.

Annaly’s investment portfolio is structured around several distinct business segments, including Agency, Credit, and Other Real Estate Investments. The Agency segment focuses on securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, offering high liquidity and low credit risk. The Credit segment targets non-agency residential and commercial mortgage assets, while the Other Real Estate Investments segment may include net lease properties and selected opportunistic debt investments. Through this diversified approach, Annaly aims to optimize risk-adjusted returns for its shareholders.

Leadership at Annaly is headed by Michael A. Farrell, who serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, overseeing the firm’s strategic direction and capital management activities. The company’s executive team brings extensive experience in finance, real estate, and risk management. Annaly primarily serves the institutional investment community but also provides access to mortgage market income for retail investors through its listed shares and subsidiary funds.

Annaly Capital Management Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Strong profitability and capital actions — Annaly generated an 8.1% economic return in Q3 (11.5% YTD), EAD of $0.73 that exceeded the $0.70 dividend, and raised $1.1 billion of accretive equity (including an $800M ATM) while reopening the preferred market.
• Positive Sentiment: Agency performance drove returns — Agency portfolio grew to ~$87B (up 10% QoQ), spreads tightened ~8–12 bps aided by sharply lower rate volatility and an overweight in swap hedges, which meaningfully boosted economic return.
• Positive Sentiment: Residential credit / Onslow Bay momentum — The firm closed eight securitizations ($3.9B) in Q3 and 24 YTD ($12.4B UPB), positioning Annaly as a leading non‑bank issuer and creating high‑yield retained OBX securities with expected embedded value in recent vintages.
• Positive Sentiment: MSR portfolio stability and strategic partnerships — MSR market value rose to $3.5B with a low‑note‑rate, ~300 bps out‑of‑the‑money borrower base, low CPR and stable delinquencies; a post‑quarter partnership with PennyMac added $12B of low‑note MSR subserviced by an industry partner.
• Neutral Sentiment: Balanced outlook with risks — Management notes tighter spreads and softer housing (flat YoY HPA, possible winter depreciation) but highlights low leverage (5.7x), $7.4B unencumbered assets and ample warehouse/MSR capacity, leaving the firm positioned yet cautious.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning and welcome to the Q3 2025 Annaly Capital Management Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Sean Kensil, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

[Sean Kensil, Director of Investor Relations at Annaly Capital Management]

Good morning and welcome to the third quarter 2025 earnings call for Annaly Capital Management. Any forward-looking statements made during today's call are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which are outlined in the risk factors section in our most recent annual and quarterly SEC filings. Actual events and results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements. We encourage you to read the disclaimer in our earnings release in addition to our quarterly and annual filings. Additionally, the content of this conference call may contain time-sensitive information that is accurate only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation to update or revise this information. During this call, we may present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in our earnings release.

[Sean Kensil, Director of Investor Relations at Annaly Capital Management]

Content referenced in today's call can be found in our third quarter 2025 investor presentation and third quarter 2025 financial supplement, both found under the presentation section of our website. Please also note this event is being recorded. Participants on this morning's call include David Finkelstein, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer; Serena Wolfe, Chief Financial Officer; Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit; V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency; and Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights. With that, I'll turn the call over to David.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, Sean. Good morning, everyone, and thank you all for joining us for our third quarter earnings call. Today, as usual, I'll briefly review the macro and market environment as well as our performance for the quarter. I'll provide an update on each of our three businesses, ending with our outlook. Serena will then discuss our financials before opening up the call to Q&A. Now, starting with the macro landscape, the U.S. economy remained resilient in the third quarter, with GDP likely to be on pace with that of Q2. Growth was supported by healthier consumer spending as well as AI-driven business investment, despite lingering uncertainty around tariffs and immigration. Inflation remained elevated near 3% during the quarter, though the anticipated uptick in goods inflation resulting from higher tariffs has been more muted than expected thus far.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Labor market conditions did weaken, with hiring slowing to a mere 30,000 jobs per month over the past three months, while sentiment around future hiring deteriorated. Although the unemployment rate has moved only slightly higher, the Fed's 25 basis point cut in September and forward guidance was supported by an outlook that suggests growing downside risks to its employment mandate. Yields fell modestly during the quarter, and the curve steepened given the market's expectation for modestly lower policy rates going forward. The Treasury market also benefited from a shift in issuance towards the front end of the yield curve and strong tariff revenue, the combination of which helped ease concerns about long-term debt issuance. This led to lower term premium quarter-over-quarter and a 6-9 basis point widening in swap spreads relative to their forward implied levels, which benefited our returns.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

The precipitous decline in interest rate volatility during the quarter also provided meaningful support to our portfolio by lowering convexity costs and fueling much of the agency's spread tightening that occurred. We generated an economic return of 8.1% for the third quarter and 11.5% year to date, notably recording a positive economic return for eight consecutive quarters, exhibiting the benefits of Annaly's diversified housing finance strategy. Our portfolio's earnings power remains strong with EAD of $0.73 per share, out-earning our dividend each quarter since we increased it at the outset of the year. Also to note, we raised $1.1 billion of accretive equity in Q3, including $800 million through our ATM program. We also reopened the mortgage REIT preferred market with Annaly's first preferred issuance since 2019 and the first residential MREIT issuance in multiple years.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Now, turning to our investment strategies and beginning with agency, our portfolio ended the quarter at just over $87 billion in market value, up 10% quarter-over-quarter, as the majority of the capital raised was deployed in Agency MBS, considerate of attractive relative returns. Total growth of our agency portfolio was $7.8 billion in market value, with about 15% of that increase coming from agency CMBS and a similar share coming from market value appreciation. While the primary driver of agency performance was lower interest rate volatility, also noteworthy is that the supply and demand dynamics in the Agency MBS market continue to improve.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Specifically, fixed income fund inflows were more than 50% higher than the average over the past few quarters, and an additional indication of favorable technicals is that CMO demand has been heavy, with production running at over $30 billion per month, which has helped distribute MBS supply to a wider audience of investors. Overall, agency spreads tightened by 8-12 basis points to Treasuries on the quarter, with intermediate and lower coupons outperforming higher coupons. Early in the quarter, we added agency in line with our capital raise across coupons, and ultimately, as higher coupons began to look more attractive, given cheapening into lower mortgage rates, we shifted purchases to specified pools in five and a halves and sixes.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Our holdings in higher coupons have been methodically constructed over the past few years to mitigate prepayment risk, which gives us flexibility to add in areas that provide the best expected return. On the hedging side, we had less need to intervene this past quarter, as realized volatility was somewhat muted, but we did maintain our disciplined approach to rate risk management as we added hedges alongside new asset purchases, with a bias towards swaps in the front end of the yield curve. As we mentioned previously, relative value in the superior carry of swap hedges has informed our overweight in swaps, which added meaningfully to our economic return this past quarter. Shifting to residential credit, our portfolio increased to $6.9 billion in economic market value, representing $2.5 billion of the firm's capital.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Investment-grade residential credit assets tightened during the quarter, with new origination non-QM AAA spreads ending Q3 15 basis points tighter, providing a supportive backdrop for securitization issuance. Non-agency gross securitizations have totaled $160 billion year to date, which is already the second largest annual gross issuance since 2008 and will end up being second only to the 2021 vintage. Our Onslow Bay platform closed eight transactions for $3.9 billion on the quarter, generating $473 million of high-yielding OBX retained securities for Annaly in our joint venture. Year to date, we've now priced 24 transactions, representing $12.4 billion of UPB, solidifying Annaly as not only the largest non-bank issuer in the residential credit market, but a top ten issuer worldwide of asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

We also redeemed OBX 2022 NQM 8 during the quarter, exercising the transaction's three-year call feature, and we expect there to be significant embedded value in our late 2022 and 2023 vintage NQM issues, given current mortgage rates and securitization economics. With respect to our correspondent channel, we achieved record-setting quarterly volumes across both locks and fundings, while remaining disciplined in our approach to credit. The channel locked $6.2 billion in whole loans and funded $4 billion in the third quarter, with our quarter-end lock pipeline representing a 765 weighted average FICO, a 68% LTV, and over 96% first lien. Now, with respect to the underlying housing market, as we foreshadowed on previous calls, the market is now experiencing relatively flat year-over-year HPA nationally, as consistently elevated mortgage rates weigh on affordability.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

There is potential for further depreciation in the winter seasonals, as available for sale inventory has increased, although we do expect cumulative depreciation to be modest given the longer-term positive fundamentals of the housing market. Nonetheless, in light of softer housing, we'll remain focused on maintaining a high credit quality portfolio with a continued emphasis on manufacturing our own proprietary assets through our market-leading correspondent channel. Approximately 75% of our residential credit exposure is now comprised of OBX securities and residential whole loans, providing full control over both the acquisition and management of the assets. Now, moving to MSR, our portfolio increased by $215 million in market value to $3.5 billion, comprising $2.9 billion of the firm's capital.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

We purchased $17 billion in UPB across three bulk packages in our flow network during the quarter, as well as committing to purchase an additional package for $9 billion in UPB subsequent to quarter end. Our MSR valuation multiple decreased very modestly quarter-over-quarter, driven largely by lower mortgage rates. Our portfolio remains well insulated, as the aggregate borrower is approximately 300 basis points out of the money, and the portfolio continues to exhibit highly stable cash flows as it pays sub-5% CPR over the past three months. The fundamentals associated with conventional MSR remain positive, as evidenced by our portfolio's serious delinquencies being unchanged at 50 basis points, the competition for deposits remaining strong, resulting in better than expected float income, and subservicing costs decreasing, given increased technology investments across our servicing partners.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Also to note, we announced a new partnership with PennyMac Financial Services subsequent to quarter end, adding another industry-leading mortgage originator and servicer to our existing set of best-in-class subservicing and recapture partners. As part of this new relationship, we purchased $12 billion of low-note rate MSR, whereby PennyMac will handle all subservicing and recapture responsibilities for the portfolio sole. Now, shifting to our outlook, our investment strategies are well positioned for the balance of the year, given declining macro volatility, additional Fed cuts expected, and healthy fixed income demand. While agency spreads are tighter, the sector remains compelling, as spread compression has been achieved through lower volatility and a steeper yield curve, thus improving the fundamentals of the asset class.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Furthermore, a more accommodative monetary policy should continue to support a strong technical backdrop for agency MBS, not to mention the likelihood of regulatory reform and the potential for greater bank demand for the sector into 2026. Our residential credit business should further benefit from the growing private label market, with our Onslow Bay correspondent channel and OBX securitization platform being clear market leaders. Our MSR portfolio stands out as the lowest note rate portfolio out of the top 20 largest conventional portfolios in the market, providing highly predictable, durable cash flows with limited negative convexity. Lower note rate MSR remains our preferred positioning as investors are compensated more for selling convexity in agency MBS. We also expect MSR supply to remain healthy as we maintain ample excess capacity to opportunistically grow our portfolio.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

This diversified housing finance model has delivered proven results, having generated a 13% annualized economic return over the past three years since scaling each business. While we maintain our positive outlook, we've carefully built our portfolio to guard against uncertainty, and we remain flexible in the current investing climate with historically low leverage and significant liquidity. With that, I'll turn it over to Serena to discuss the financials.

[Serena Wolfe, CFO at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, David. Today, I will provide a brief overview of the financial highlights for the quarter ended September 30, 2025. Consistent with prior quarters, while our earnings release discloses GAAP and non-GAAP earnings metrics, my comments will focus on our non-GAAP EAD and related key performance metrics, which exclude PAA. As of September 30, 2025, our book value per share increased 4.3% from $18.45 in the prior quarter to $19.25. After accounting for our dividend at $0.70, we achieved an economic return of 8.1% for Q3. This brings our year-to-date economic return to 11.5%. We generated positive economic returns for the quarter across all of our businesses. Our performance was driven by strong results in our agency business, which benefited from spread tightening, leading to gains across the investment portfolio.

[Serena Wolfe, CFO at Annaly Capital Management]

These gains were partially offset by losses on our hedge positions in light of marginally lower interest rates on the quarter. Earnings available for distribution per share for the quarter were consistent with Q2 at $0.73 per share and again exceeded our dividend for the quarter. We maintained our EAD levels by generating average yields of 5.46% compared to 5.41% in the prior quarter, and our average repo rate improved by three basis points to 4.5%. Our residential credit business contributed to increased yields this quarter, driven by record securitization and loan purchases, with average yields rising to 6.29%. Net interest spread ex-PAA increased again this quarter to 1.5%, and net interest margin ex-PAA is comparable with the prior quarter at 1.7%. Turning to our financing, in conjunction with deploying the proceeds from our capital raised during the quarter, we added approximately $8.6 billion of repo principal at attractive spreads.

[Serena Wolfe, CFO at Annaly Capital Management]

As a result, our Q3 reported weighted average repo days maintained a healthy position of 49 days, comparable to the prior quarter, and a modest economic leverage ratio of 5.7 times, one tick lower than at the end of the second quarter. As of September 30, 2025, our total facility capacity for the residential credit business was $4.3 billion across 10 counterparties, with a utilization rate of 40%. Our MSR total available committed warehouse capacity is $2.1 billion across four counterparties as of September 30, 2025, with a utilization rate of 50%. We continue to explore additional funding relationships as we invest in our credit businesses and add new facilities in anticipation of future business growth. Annaly's financial strength is further demonstrated by our $7.4 billion in unencumbered assets at the end of the quarter. This includes cash and unencumbered Agency MBS of $5.9 billion.

[Serena Wolfe, CFO at Annaly Capital Management]

In addition, we have roughly $1.5 billion in fair value of Mortgage Servicing Rights pledged to committed warehouse facilities that can be quickly converted to cash subject to market advance rates. Combined, we have approximately $8.8 billion in assets available for financing, which is up $1.4 billion compared to the second quarter, in line with our asset growth and represents 59% of our total capital base. Finally, touching on OpEx, our efficiency ratios improved significantly during Q3, decreasing by 10 basis points to 1.41% for the quarter and now standing at 1.46% for the year-to-date period. Using period end equity as of September 30, our OpEx to equity ratio was 1.34% for the quarter, highlighting the efficiency and scale of our diversified model. This ratio is one of the lowest in the mortgage REIT sector.

[Operator]

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question comes from the line of Bose George with KBW. Please go ahead.

[Bose George, Managing Director at KBW]

Hey, everyone. Good morning. First, just in terms of returns, the agency return, you obviously took down a couple of points just with tighter spreads. Can you talk about how that compares now with, like, in terms of your preferred area for investment? Is it more parity now with agencies and some of the other areas?

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Good morning. From a capital allocation perspective, as we came into the third quarter, we obviously felt like agency warranted an overweight, and that certainly came to fruition. As spreads have come in, agency still looks very attractive, particularly because, as I mentioned in the prepared remarks, both fundamentally and technically, the sector has healed quite well from 2022 and 2023. Fundamentally, you know, we have lower volatility. Fed cuts are going to continue, and we have sloped to occur. Also, equally as important from a technical perspective, the demand base has broadened quite a bit. Money managers are adding. Obviously, a lot of money is coming into fixed income, as I talked about. REITs are adding. We haven't had banks overseas as strong of a participation. As the Fed does continue to cut and potentially bank deregulation occurs, we do expect more demand to come from that sector.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

We feel good about the market. Spreads are tighter. We're still overweight agency, even more overweight, which benefited us. We'd like to get our resi and MSR weightings back up to a combined 40%. We're patient to do so. We feel good about how the portfolio is positioned. Nonetheless, we would like to increase those two sectors from a near-term capital allocation perspective.

[Bose George, Managing Director at KBW]

Okay, great. Thanks. Actually, just following up on that, the MSR, you guys noted the bulk supply is up, I think, 50%. Where's that coming from? How is the pricing looking? Could we see the MSR increase as a result of that?

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

Yeah. Hey, thanks, Bose. This is Ken. Yeah, the bulk supply has been coming from large participants. Several of them have not previously been sellers, which is encouraging for future bulk supply. Pricing has been relatively stable throughout the year. We are pretty much encouraged by that, like the return profile. We opportunistically added through the quarters, you can see, and subsequent to quarter end, Bose.

[Bose George, Managing Director at KBW]

Okay, great. Thank you.

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, Bose.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Doug Harter with UBS. Please go ahead.

[Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS]

Thanks, and good morning. As you look at the agency returns, can you help break down kind of how you see, like OAS returns versus how much of it's coming from the swap spread and how that makes you think about the risk of the position?

[V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency at Annaly Capital Management]

Sure. I mean, the spread to swaps versus treasuries is running around 35-40 basis points. If you're fully 100% hedged to swaps, spreads are about 35-40 basis points wider than what they would be hedged to treasuries. On, let's say, 35.5, we see to our hedge ratio, we're using about 65% swaps and 35% treasuries. To our mix of hedges, we see a blended yield of about 160 basis points, which is just shy of a 17% ROE. Now, 35.5 is a fair amount of option cost. I would put the option cost somewhere in the 60-65 basis point range. Depending on what kind of specified pool you buy and how much you allow your duration to drift, you can substantially decrease the hedging cost. What has really helped over the last quarter is how low realized volatility has been.

[V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency at Annaly Capital Management]

Realized volatility has been running below implied volatility. That has really helped with hedging costs. We think we are in an environment where volatility will remain subdued, at least relative to what we saw in 2023 and 2024. Does that help?

[Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS]

That's very helpful. If you could just provide an update on how book value is faring quarter to date.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Sure, Doug. As of last night, book pre-dividend accrual was up in the upwards of 1%. If you add the dividend accrual, 1.5% to 2% economic return.

[Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS]

Great. Appreciate that.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thanks, Doug.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Harsh Hemnani with Green Street. Please go ahead.

[Harsh Hemnani, Senior Analyst at Green Street]

Thank you. This quarter, it seems like you rotated up in coupon and continued that rotation, but focused primarily on specified pools. Could you sort of talk through the puts and takes of how you're thinking about, given the rate backdrop we're in right now, weighing those higher coupon specified pools versus perhaps rotating into lower coupon to get some of that prepayment protection in that way?

[V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency at Annaly Capital Management]

Hi, Harsh. We are constantly looking at what is the better way to get prepayment protection, either move down in coupon or kind of buy specified pools. What happened in the last quarter is as rates rallied to the lowest level in over a year, prepayment expectations on generic higher coupons went up materially. This caused their duration to shrink and negatively impacted their carry profile. Not surprisingly, there was a big shift in demand to lower and intermediate coupons. By our metrics, it looked like lower and intermediate coupons got rich relative to where higher coupons were trading. This gave us, when you look at specified pools, the payup to a cheap asset made specific, the payups are actually quite strong, but it's just that the TBA had underperformed materially. That made the specified pools look cheaper.

[V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency at Annaly Capital Management]

The big advantage of specified pools is these are options that we own for a very long time. It's not like these options expire in six months or nine months. Once you buy a loan balance paper, it doesn't matter how long it takes for rates to rally. Eventually, when they do, you still have the option in place. The length of the option is what makes specified pools so much more attractive than going down in coupon or buying generic collateral and trying to hedge the convexity.

[Harsh Hemnani, Senior Analyst at Green Street]

Got it. That's helpful. Maybe one on the MSR. It seems like the purchase this quarter was fairly, you know, low coupon, perhaps in line with your existing portfolio. Given the increase in supply we've seen perhaps over the last quarter, how is that sort of breaking down between the lower coupon MSRs and closer to production coupons?

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you very much for the question. Just to follow up to what Serena said, we have the opportunity to look at OAS valuations in both MBS and MSR. When we price convexity and opportunities, we're taking convexity on the MSR side by purchasing the lower note rates. When we do the valuations, we see more opportunity there and to participate in the higher note rates in the form of Agency MBS. That's a big part of our strategy. As a follow-up to the other point about the increase in bulk supply, what's going on is rates have come down and mortgage origination is at a much higher level. As mentioned previously, the industry just can't afford to retain all the Mortgage Servicing Rights that's created in a high-volume environment.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Harsh, just to jump in here, Ken brings up a very important point in terms of we'd rather take negative convexity risk in MBS and pass-throughs in the TBA market than in the MSR market because it's cheaper there. Your question to both Serena and Ken, from a big picture perspective in terms of how we manage convexity in bulk, we have a fair amount of options, and we look at everything on a portfolio basis. First of all, diversification outside of Agency MBS in the form of residential credit and MSR is the biggest, most powerful way to reduce our negative convexity. In fact, in the residential market, every time we do a securitization, we're buying an option, essentially with the call option and for a down-rate type scenario. We're buying vol from that standpoint.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

We pick up a better convexity profile by buying low note rate MSR, which has very little negative convexity exposure to it. Within the agency market, obviously, Serena talked about pools and how for years we've built what we think is a very durable portfolio from a convexity profile, but also agency CMBS, which we added over $1 billion this past quarter, which has virtually no negative convexity. The point is that there's a lot of options for us to mitigate our convexity risk. I think we look at everything on a total portfolio basis and come up with the most efficient way to do it.

[Harsh Hemnani, Senior Analyst at Green Street]

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thanks, Harsh.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Jason Weaver with JonesTrading. Please go ahead.

[Jason Weaver, Managing Director at JonesTrading]

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. With your outlook you put out, with mortgage spreads now back at the tight, would you expect for the pace of lock volume and securitization issuance sort of towards and into year-end remains elevated despite the usual seasonal pressure?

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

Hey, Jason. This is Mike. Thanks for the question. In terms of where we're at in mortgage spreads, we've actually been tighter. In the beginning of the year, AAA spreads were 115-120 over the curve. Right now, I think that just given the supply that we've seen over the last two to three weeks and, to your point, broader supply within the market, we're probably closer to that 135 area for generic issuance. What I will say, though, is that non-QM continues to make progress in terms of market penetration. There's market share that's being created. If you look at Optimal Blue, in the month of July, they said 8% of all outstanding locks were non-QM and DSCR, which is the highest percentage that we've ever seen. If you went back two to three years, I think that number is probably closer to 2%-3%.

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

In terms of mortgage spreads, the fact that they've been in a range, mortgage spreads, AAA spreads, they've been in the 130-145 range. Maybe they're slightly wider than the beginning of the year, but the fact that they've been stable has allowed us to be very active. It's allowed the market to continue to grow. I think that when you look at the last half of the year, at this point, we've done $60 billion of non-QM issuance. Last year in 2024, the entire year was $47 to $48 billion. I think we'll end up, call it $65 billion-$70 billion. From our perspective, we actually had our most active month in September. We did $2.3 billion of locks within non-QM and DSCR. We did over $6 billion on the quarter. Securitization may be a little bit slower than what we just did within Q2 and Q3.

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

A lot of that is what you're mentioning. It's seasonals. It's the holidays. The market penetration of non-QM continues to grow, and we do think it could be close to 10% of the market. Over long periods of time, we think it will continue to increase.

[Jason Weaver, Managing Director at JonesTrading]

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you. Maybe more for on the agency side. There's some talk that Governor Logan is proposing shifting the Fed's primary policy tool to target tri-party repo away from Fed funds. Any sense on the likelihood there and if or how that might ultimately influence MBS repo?

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

It's President Logan, not Governor Logan. To answer the question, in a speech, she did discuss that tri-party GC was a better indicator in terms of short-term rates relative to Fed funds. The fact of the matter is, you know, the Fed has to evolve as the market evolves. The Fed funds market is just not as good of a barometer of financing rates as repo is, and that's simply a reflection of that. I wouldn't read anything more into it than the Fed thinking about rates that are most impactful to markets and making sure that they have all the best information to evaluate financing markets and conduct policy. That's simply how I would read it.

[Jason Weaver, Managing Director at JonesTrading]

Fair enough. That's very helpful. Thank you for the color.

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

You bet.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Eric Hagen with BTIG. Please go ahead.

[Eric Hagen, Managing Director at BTIG]

Hey, thanks. Good morning, guys. This is kind of a bigger big picture question. There was a point at which mortgage REITs, including Annaly, applied more duration to their portfolio. The taper tantrum in 2013 disrupted some of that. Since then, the mortgage REITs have basically hedged out all the duration in their portfolio, including yourselves. Do you envision ever getting back to a point where a duration gap is part of the conversation again? How do you weigh the attractiveness of raising leverage versus letting your duration drift out a little bit more in order to create alpha?

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Sure. Obviously, we have three risks, primary risks that we take: spread basis risk in agency, credit risk, and duration risk. We evaluate those risks based on the most attractive and place our bets where we think it has the highest risk-adjusted return. Now, as far as a duration gap, it's absolutely the case. We've been running close to a zero duration gap for the recent past. I think it's justified by virtue of the amount of uncertainty currently in the rates market. Look, I can give you arguments for lower rates, and I can give you arguments for higher rates. In terms of the catalyst for lower rates, obviously, the Fed's cutting rates and will likely continue to do so. The deficit prognosis is better, so less long-term issuance than we might have just thought. QT is coming to an end.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

There's very strong demand for fixed income in the market, and that could accelerate with lower cash yields. Deregulation for banks could add demand for fixed income. The labor market's weakening, certainly. All of these would suggest lower rates. However, on the other side of the equation, rates do look full currently. Five-year real rates are right around 120, 10 years around 170. Nominal rates, inflation break-evens, they look a little snug in the low to mid twos. Globally, rates in the U.S. are a little bit low relative to the rest of the G7 and inside of 90 basis points on that average. The market doesn't look cheap. Inflation hasn't gone away. We'll get some more data this week, fortunately. The Fed will cut next week, but beyond that, it is uncertain.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

You had eight committee members, actually nine, I believe, nine committee members that said one or two cuts to come this year. There are some hawks on that committee. The market's been priced pretty aggressively in terms of cuts. We're through neutral by the end of next year in the eyes of the market, and the Fed's 50 basis points above that. To us, we get the fundamentals and what's going on that could lead to lower rates, but there's also the potential for higher rates. The way we want to play it is, something could break either way. The best approach for us right now is to not take a lot of risk in the rates market. Fortunately, volatility has been low, and we've been able to manage our duration with minimal cost to the portfolio.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Until we get a better sense of where things are going, we'll probably remain that way. Relative to the longer-term business model of REITs, taking duration risk and levered maturity transformation, there is at times carry in taking rate risk. When the yield curve is quite steep, you are paid in carry, near-term carry for taking rate risk. Fifty-two basis points on 2s 10s is positive, but it's not all that attractive. At some point, I'm sure we'll take a longer duration approach, but right now we feel being very close to home is where we want to be.

[Eric Hagen, Managing Director at BTIG]

Gotcha. That's really helpful. There's lots of speculation right now around the GSEs being buyers of Agency MBS again, certainly in a more meaningful way. How much of that potential catalyst do you think is priced into spreads right now? More generally, do you think their presence in the market would have an impact on the MSR market or valuations in any sort of way?

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

A couple of points to note. There has been a lot of talk about the GSEs having, you know, entered into the market, but that's been very limited, and I wouldn't read too much into it. The market does have some expectations that they could be more active buyers as we're talking about this privatization potential and the fact that they do have capacity and the portfolios are relatively low. There is a little bit priced into the market. The demand for MBS has been broad and it's been strong. REITs have obviously been buyers of MBS. Again, the money flowing into fixed income funds and a third of that money on average goes to mortgages. That's been the real driver. Speculation around the GSEs is not something that we want to bank on, but it could materialize. Does it warrant consideration from a policy perspective? It certainly could.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Back pre-financial crisis, the GSEs were very powerful stabilizers of spreads, and that lowered spread volatility. As a consequence of that, you ended up at a lower baseline spread. From a policy perspective, if the government does have this desire to get spreads tighter, you know, giving the GSEs some capacity and acting somewhat as guardrails, so long as it's very well regulated and they don't get out over their skis or anything like that, it could have some benefit, but it's very difficult to navigate that path, and it could be a slippery slope. It has to be looked at very carefully. Nonetheless, as stabilizers, they could be beneficial.

[Eric Hagen, Managing Director at BTIG]

Thank you, guys. Appreciate you as always.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thanks, Eric.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Rick Shane with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

[Rick Shane, Managing Director at JPMorgan]

Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking my questions. There have been a lot of thoughtful questions and answers on this. Just one quick one. When we look at the NII adjusted for PAA, it's been really stable over the last four quarters. You guys have done a good job managing asset yields and funding costs. I'm curious at this point how confident you are that it will remain stable over the next couple of quarters, and how do you sort of manage that given the uncertainty?

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

The question you're asking, I'll start from a big picture standpoint, and then Serena can get into the accounting. At the end of the day, the portfolio has been very stable from the standpoint of low leverage, and we haven't had a lot of volatility associated with the hedged returns from an EAD perspective. It's been $0.72, $0.73, and that's how we feel about this quarter. We expect to earn an EAD consistent with where we were this past quarter. Another point to note that I think helps the stability is the swap portfolio. In terms of runoff, we have about $1.25 billion running off in the first quarter next year. We don't have any runoff until Q4 of 2026. The swap portfolio should stay relatively stable.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

The agency portfolio, the average price of the portfolio is very close to par, and the runoff doesn't add too much volatility to the overall accounting aspect of it. We can't forecast too far out, but this quarter we feel good about out-earning the dividend, and overall the portfolio is in a stable place. Anything to add, Serena?

[Serena Wolfe, CFO at Annaly Capital Management]

No, I think David covered it. Look, obviously, we have been doing really well at increasing yields as we are deploying additional capital, and that is showing up in the NII. From an accounting perspective, obviously, we lock in those yields, and we should expect to continue to benefit from those. Obviously, as David mentioned, we do expect future Fed cuts, so we will benefit on the cost of fund side of things. I think that, you know, all things equal, I don't have a crystal ball, we should continue to see some good levels of NII going forward.

[Rick Shane, Managing Director at JPMorgan]

Got it. The point about increasing yields but not increasing premiums is really the big takeaway for me on that comment. Thank you, guys.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

You bet. Thanks, Rick.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Kenneth Lee with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

[Kenneth Lee, VP at RBC Capital Markets]

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. This is just a follow-up from a previous one. Fair to say that the risk appetite has been tempered down a bit. Just looking at the spread and rate sensitivity, they both declined a bit quarter to quarter. I just wanted to check to see if that's reflective of Annaly Capital Management taking a little bit less risk there. Thanks.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Yeah, it's a good question, Ken. On the rate side, there's a little bit more negative convexity in the portfolio with current coupon spreads, I think 28 basis points lower. That does lead to what looks like a more deleterious outlook on both sides of the equation, and the duration is hovering close to flat. To the earlier question, we're not looking to take a lot of rate risk right here. In terms of spread exposure, also that decline in mortgage rate does reduce the spread duration of the portfolio. That's kind of occurred organically. We were a little bit lighter coming into the quarter on Agency MBS. We do have a little bit of dry powder.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

I'd say our risk posture is not overly conservative, but to the extent we see an opportunity, we could add to the agency portfolio or a Mortgage Servicing Rights or residential credit package over the near term locally. Our risk view is not more negative at all by any stretch. We do just have a little bit more dry powder.

[Kenneth Lee, VP at RBC Capital Markets]

Great. Just one follow-up. I think you touched upon this. EAD looking around consistent to be third quarter's levels. Any updated thoughts around dividend coverage, especially just given the current macro and rate outlook? Thanks.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Sure. This quarter we have line of sight into, and we'll see what happens into 2026. We feel very good about the dividend. It's at a healthy level. It's a little over 13% yield, close to 15% yield on book, and it feels perfectly ample. We feel like it's in a good place. We also feel like when we look at the forwards and also if the Fed doesn't cut as much as the market, we still feel like the dividend is safe. Our hedge ratio is 92%. There's a lot of protection around the income stream, and we're perfectly comfortable with where things are at, and we'll see what happens into 2026.

[Kenneth Lee, VP at RBC Capital Markets]

Great. Very helpful there. Thanks again.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, Ken.

[Operator]

The next question comes from the line of Trevor John Cranston with Citizens JMP. Please go ahead.

[Trevor Cranston, Managing Director at Citizens JMP]

Hey, thanks. Question on the non-agency portfolio, and I guess particularly the OBX securitizations. Can you comment on kind of what you guys are seeing there in terms of refi responsiveness as mortgage rates have come down recently? If you could also just comment on kind of what the return sensitivity is on the subordinate positions, if we do indeed see faster prepaid speeds within that portfolio. Thanks.

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

Sure. Thanks, Trevor. This is Mike. In terms of prepay protection and what we have been seeing within the OBX portfolio, 2023 vintage, the majority of those deals that are outstanding, they're between, call it, 8%-8.5% gross WAC. Those deals are paying in the low 30s CBR, which I will say is a decent amount slower than we would have anticipated. Non-QM rates as we sit here today for the type of credit that we're underwriting, call it, you know, 6.875%. So, 100-150 basis points in the money. It's only paying modestly above where we would put at the money loans and where the market convention is, which is 25 CBR. I think we've been pleasantly surprised by the convexity profile of the underlying. Part of that is driven by prepayment penalties that we see within our investor loans.

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

Investor loans are about 50% of the loans that we buy, and about three quarters of investor loans have prepayment penalties. The S curves associated with those assets are significantly flatter than what you would see within the agency conforming market. It's also significantly flatter than what you would see within the jumbo market as well. I think the portfolio and the broader market has been in pretty good shape in terms of prepaid speeds. Regarding the level of variability within our returns, as you see within the presentation, we've kind of been in this 13% to 15% ROE range. That is referencing OBX retained securities. That's forecasting what I'll say a base speed of, call it, 20 to 25 CBR for at the money loans. I will say that the actual return profile has been higher within our retained transactions because speeds have been slower than anticipated.

[Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit at Annaly Capital Management]

Yes, there is a lot of embedded IO that we are taking once we securitize these assets, given that we are retaining the excess. I will say at this point, it's actually been a large positive as we've out-earned our forecasted assumptions.

[Trevor Cranston, Managing Director at Citizens JMP]

Got it. Okay. Very helpful. Thank you.

[Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, Trevor.

[Operator]

This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to David Finkelstein for any closing remarks. Thank you.

[David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Annaly Capital Management]

Thank you, Kostas. Thank you, everybody, for joining us today. Enjoy the fall, and we'll talk to you real soon.

[Operator]

The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Sean Kensil, Director of Investor Relations
• Serena Wolfe, CFO
• V.S. Srinivasan, Head of Agency
• David Finkelstein, CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer
• Ken Adler, Head of Mortgage Servicing Rights
• Mike Fania, Co-Chief Investment Officer and Head of Residential Credit

Analysts

• Harsh Hemnani, Senior Analyst at Green Street
• Jason Weaver, Managing Director at JonesTrading
• Bose George, Managing Director at KBW
• Trevor Cranston, Managing Director at Citizens JMP
• Doug Harter, Equity Research Analyst at UBS
• Kenneth Lee, VP at RBC Capital Markets
• Eric Hagen, Managing Director at BTIG
• Rick Shane, Managing Director at JPMorgan