Cohu Q3 2025 Earnings Results & Report

Cohu EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.06
• Consensus EPS: -$0.19
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.13
• One Year Ago EPS: -$0.08
• EPS Beat Rate: 4 of last 8 quarters

Cohu Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $126.25 million
• Expected Revenue: $124.98 million
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$1.27 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: +32.50%

Cohu (NASDAQ:COHU) provides semiconductor test and inspection equipment, consumables and related services used by semiconductor manufacturers and outsourced semiconductor assembly and test providers. Its solutions support the testing and handling of integrated circuits throughout the manufacturing process, helping customers evaluate device performance, reliability and quality.

The company’s product portfolio includes semiconductor test handlers, inspection and metrology systems, thermal-management equipment, test contactors and other interface products. Cohu also offers test and data-management software, spare parts, customer support and field services designed to help manufacturers improve production efficiency and manage semiconductor test operations.

Founded in 1947, Cohu has expanded through internal development and acquisitions, including its combination with Xcerra in 2018. The company serves customers internationally across major semiconductor manufacturing regions, including North America, Europe and Asia. Cohu is headquartered in Poway, California, and is led by President and Chief Executive Officer Luis Müller.

Cohu Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Recurring revenue grew for the third consecutive quarter and represented 55% of Q3 sales (expected ~60% in Q4), helping drive a resilient non‑GAAP gross margin of 44.1% and improving margin outlook for Q4.
• Positive Sentiment: Cohu completed an upsized convertible note offering with gross proceeds of $287.5M (1.5% coupon, 32.5% conversion premium) and a 100% capped call, providing liquidity to pursue M&A and strategic growth while limiting near‑term dilution.
• Positive Sentiment: Momentum in AI‑related markets: the Eclipse handler won production test business for next‑gen AI processors and NEON HBM inspection repeat orders (including HBM4 shipment), with management estimating roughly $40M of AI‑related system revenue in 2025.
• Neutral Sentiment: Management expects Q4 revenue of about $122M ± $7M (a ~3.5% sequential decline driven by seasonal systems), but forecasts a slightly higher gross margin (~45%) and continued recurring revenue strength.
• Positive Sentiment: Cohu reports limited exposure to China (low single‑digit percent of revenue) and a geographically diversified customer base, reducing direct tariff/geopolitical risk to results.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Cohu Inc's Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star 11 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star 11. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I'd now like to hand the conference over to Jeff Jones, Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Good afternoon and welcome to our conference call discussing Cohu Inc's Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results and our outlook for the fourth quarter of 2025. I'm joined today by Luis Müller, Cohu's President and CEO. If you need a copy of our earnings release, it can be found on our website at Cohu.com or by contacting Cohu Investor Relations. A slide presentation accompanying today's call is also available in the Investor Relations section of the website. Replays of this call will be accessible via the same page after the conclusion of the call. During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements that reflect management's current expectations concerning Cohu's future business. These statements are based on the information available to us at this time, but they are subject to rapid and even abrupt changes.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

We encourage everyone to review the Forward-Looking Statements section of our slide presentation and the earnings release, as well as Cohu's filings with the SEC, including the most recently filed Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. Our comments are current as of today on October 29, 2025, and Cohu does not assume any obligation to update these statements for events occurring after this call. Additionally, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures during this call. Please refer to our earnings release and slide presentation for reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Luis Müller, Cohu's President and CEO. Luis.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Good day everyone. Thank you for joining our Q3 2025 earnings call. I'm pleased to share our latest results and provide guidance for Q4. First off, let's talk about some highlights. Recurring revenue continued to grow for the third consecutive quarter, driven by strength in interface solutions and test handler spares systems. Revenue improved sequentially for the fourth quarter in a row, though it remains below normalized levels. We had several notable events in the third quarter. We announced an offering of convertible notes on favorable terms, which closed just after the quarter end and will support future growth and strategic initiatives. Jeff will discuss this in more detail later. We welcomed Matthew Hutton, our new Vice President of Strategy, focused on advancing our growth initiatives including mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships. Prior to joining Cohu, Matt was Head of Corporate Development at AspenTac.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

We communicated repeat orders for NEON HBM inspection tools, raising this year's revenue forecast for these systems to between $10 million and $11 million. These systems are used for inspection and metrology of high bandwidth memory devices, which are critical components in high performance computing and generative artificial intelligence applications. We shipped our first system configured for HBM4 inspection, reinforcing our optimism for future market prospects and high bandwidth memory. Our Eclipse handler, equipped with proprietary active thermal control, was selected for production test of next generation AI processor devices by a leading U.S.-based semiconductor manufacturer. The Eclipse platform is designed to scale seamlessly across diverse power applications, providing the flexibility and operational efficiency required to support our customers' evolving high performance processor roadmaps. This adaptability ensures that as processor technologies advance, our solution remains a reliable foundation for next generation computing needs.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Our current thermal solution ensures optimal device temperature control and test repeatability up to 3,000 W power dissipation with ultra fast temperature ramp rates and tight thermal guard band, supporting demanding semiconductor test requirements. Now let's dive into the detailed results. Consolidated revenue reached $126 million, with both systems and recurring revenue improving quarter over quarter. Revenue was split 45% systems and 55% recurring. Non-GAAP gross margin of 44.1% reflects the value differentiation of our products and the resilience of our recurring business model. Estimated test sterilization remains stable quarter over quarter, ending September at 74.5%. While systems orders moderated last quarter, growth in recurring revenue and new wins position us well for Q4 and beyond. We secured new business wins, including orders for our automated test equipment and automated optical inspection for high growth markets.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

During the quarter, we secured roughly $1.7 million in new business, highlighted by our first DiamondX order from a long standing Cohu handler customer. This order will support the testing of application specific analog power integrated circuits serving key automotive and industrial market segments. This customer win marks the continuation of Cohu's growth in the mixed signal test market with DiamondX as we push to diversify our test platform beyond RF and.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Display driver IC test.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

We secured a new order of our Krypton system with a European customer, enabling advanced optical inspection of devices used by a prominent U.S. mobile phone brand. We booked a $2.3 million order for precision analog test contactors at a U.S. IDM and continue to diversify our test platform portfolio with this customer. We anticipate a seasonal slowdown in Q4, partially offset by ongoing market recovery, and remain optimistic about long term prospects, especially in computing and high bandwidth memory inspection. As tariffs return to the spotlight in recent news, I want to reassure everyone that Cohu's current exposure to China remains very limited. Revenue from customers based in China accounts for only a low single digit % of our total consolidated results. Additionally, a substantial share of our business is generated outside of the U.S., further diversifying our global footprint. Thank you for your attention and continued support.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

I'll now turn it over to Jeff for a deeper dive into our financial results and Q4 guidance. Jeff.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Thank you, Luis. Before reviewing the third quarter results and providing fourth quarter guidance, please note that my comments refer to non-GAAP figures. Details about non-GAAP financial measures, including GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations and other disclosures, are included in the earnings release and investor presentation on our website. For Q3 2025, revenue exceeded guidance and reached $126.2 million. Recurring revenue, which is primarily driven by consumables and is more stable than systems revenue, accounted for 55% of total revenue for the quarter. During the third quarter, three customers, one in the mobile segment and two in the automotive segment, each represented more than 10% of our sales. The Q3 gross margin was in line with guidance at 44.1%. Operating expenses for the quarter were $48 million, which is $2 million lower than guidance. This reduction was mainly due to the timing of R&D material now scheduled for receipt in Q4.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Net interest income, after accounting for interest expense and a small foreign currency loss, was approximately $1.1 million. For Q3, the tax provision came in about $3.5 million lower than forecast at $11.7 million, resulting from the reversal of tax reserves following the completion of a jurisdictional tax authority audit. Moving to the balance sheet, cash and investments decreased by $11.2 million during Q3. This was primarily due to cash used in operations to support a 17% growth in sales quarter over quarter and to fund a $33 million increase in accounts receivable. No stock repurchases were completed during Q3. Since the inception of our share repurchase plan, we have repurchased around 4 million shares for approximately $117 million, leaving about $23 million available for additional future repurchases. Total debt stands at $18 million, unchanged from the previous quarter. Q3 capital expenditures were $4 million, mainly for facility improvements.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

We're maintaining our 2025 capital expenditure target of approximately $20 million, which includes the $9 million Melaka facility purchase completed in Q1. In late Q3, we announced a strategic convertible notes offering. In early Q4, we completed the upsized offering, raising gross proceeds of $287.5 million at attractive rates including a 1.5% interest rate, 32.5% conversion premium, and a five-year term. We purchased a 100% capped call to limit shareholder dilution until the stock price doubles and exceeds $41 per share. The repayment structure of the notes is net share settlement, meaning Cohu will repay the principal of $287.5 million in cash and has the option to settle any in-the-money amounts in cash, shares, or a combination of both. This structure, combined with the up 100% capped call, limits shareholder dilution. The net proceeds will provide additional liquidity to strengthen our balance sheet and support strategic initiatives.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Looking ahead to Q4, as Luis Müller noted, we anticipate a seasonal slowdown for systems, which is partially offset by continued market recovery. Overall, we expect Q4 revenue to be about $4 million or 3.5% lower than Q3, driven by systems revenue. Our resilient recurring revenue is forecasted to increase for the fourth straight quarter and should represent about 60% of total Q4 revenue. Our guidance for Q4 revenue is approximately $122 million plus or minus $7 million. The gross margin for Q4 is projected at approximately 45%. Operating expenses are expected to be about $50 million, including around $2 million for variable R&D, product development, and prototype materials. Total operating expenses are consistent with the restructuring plan targets implemented in late Q1 of this year.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Once the full impact of the restructuring plan is realized at the beginning of 2026, we anticipate quarterly operating expenses to be approximately $49 million when revenue is around $130 million per quarter. Q4 interest income, net of interest expense and foreign currency impacts, is projected to be approximately $1.7 million. At current interest rates, the Q4 tax provision is expected to be about $4 million, and the diluted share count for Q4 is projected to be about 47.1 million shares. That concludes our prepared remarks, and now we'll open the call to questions.

[Operator]

As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question at this time, please press star 11 on your touchtone phone and wait for your names to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Brian Chin with Stifel.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Hi there.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Good afternoon. Thanks for letting us ask a few questions. I guess first question, nice to see the improved system revenue momentum, particularly from the mobile segment these past few quarters. Based on the customer broadening metric you shared and the uptick in utilization, is that the main area of improved?

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Near term revenue visibility for the company.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

How much confidence does this give you on sustaining some top line momentum, kind of moving beyond the seasonal period into the first half next year?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Oh, hi Brian. Yeah, you're correct. I mean, a lot of the momentum.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Here in the third quarter was associated with a customer buying the Eclipse handler, but also HBM with the NEON HBM inspection tools. I think those are sort of the two main highlights of the quarter. We have the Eclipse though qualified at another computing customer. I think we press released that already in the third quarter just ahead of Semicon West. We also have a few other customers that are evaluating the system. One going into a GPU application, sort of a new product version of a GPU for 2026, and two others that are associated with data center network communication and an ASIC accelerator. I think it moves. Talking about confidence going into 2026, I think we're more confident that the HBM business is continuing to progress. We have had now since the start of the fourth quarter a couple of repeat orders for HBM.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

We have an engagement forming with a second customer where we're looking at what are the requirements and how we're going to address requirements to get another qualification going for one of our inspection tools. Like I said, we get several customers here in different stages of evaluating the Eclipse for applications in the data center. I think it's going to continue to move around. We just saw a recent announcement from another one of our customers.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Their.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Wins in the data center market where they're going after an inference data center device partnership, and we are playing a record with Eclipse handler platform for that application as well. I think we're confident that we're broadening our business beyond the traditional auto, mobile, consumer, industrial, more towards the AI use applications, whether it's the GPU or the network processing. We should start seeing some fruits of that in 2026 with the Eclipse handler platform and in our inspection systems.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Got it. Maybe just to key on the points you made about the Eclipse handler with the active thermal control subsystem. Can you help us understand sort of what's driving that win? Is it the higher wattage now for some of the newer AI processors that's coming out and does your platform continue to scale? It sounds like with every single kind of every year cadence here now in terms of more advanced and hotter chips kind of coming into introduction. Are you supplanting existing incumbents with that tool?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Yeah, yeah.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

You basically hit the nail on the head. We talk here about 3,000 W of power dissipation. I mentioned that in my prepared remarks. That's sort of the current state of what would be shipping for production needs in 2026. The requirements continue to go up and we're already working on the next generation thermals that will support 2027 in different sets of applications coming up later next year as well. Your question is pretty much the answer to it. It's all about the thermal power dissipation and power densities. We never talk about power densities, but power density per square inch of silicon as well, the size of the dies, how delicate and the amount of force you have to apply. It's all related to that complexity of dynamically controlling heat dissipation on very complex graduates, complex semiconductors actually doing tests.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Thanks.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Maybe just one last quick follow-up. In terms of revenue contribution, is that sort of first half next year, and just, you know, compute, I think, has not historically been in recent years like a double-digit exposure segment. Do you feel pretty comfortable thinking that could be, you know, double digits?

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Next year for the year, double digit?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

You mean double digit growth? Double digit from revenue contribution?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

If you look from a revenue contribution, I would say I would expect computing to be sort of in the low teens. You know, we always talk about systems and recurring. Not counting recurring in the mix here, I'm thinking it would be sort of the low teens % contribution of revenue going into 2026.

[Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel]

Great, thank you.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from David Dooley with Steelhead Securities.

[David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities]

Yeah, thanks for taking my questions. To follow up on Brian's question, I guess it sounds like based on your Eclipse win at a major AI processing company, and I think you press released another win or tool of record with a CPU company, is it a fair assumption that basically any of these APUs, CPUs, XPUs, GPUs, whatever the term is for networking processors, that they're all going to have to be thermally controlled and tested? Is it fair to assume that the PAM of this market is quite large given that there's lots of large customers that you aren't serving yet?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Yeah, that's absolutely correct, Dave.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

I mean we have the.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Power dissipation levels vary quite a bit. I mean, we have some inference processors here that the talk right now is on the order of 600 W of power dissipation. We have high-end GPU, as I said, it's approaching 3,000 W. Just under that, we have some network processors that we are qualifying right now on the 1,200-1,400 W. It's a range of power dissipation levels, but they're really in the hundreds, up to a couple thousand W and rising. The roadmap really shows that going up.

[David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities]

The higher the wattage, the higher the heat, and that becomes more and more important. I guess it's a fair assumption that going forward you might have a little bit more exposure on the GPU side with this product and networking the hyperscaler custom ASIC customers.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

That's correct. That's correct.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

The higher the wattage, the more complex.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

These things are getting, the more it lends itself to expertise that we have at Cohu. We're being asked by quite a few customers now to address some of their requirements.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

There's.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

They're very difficult, as you can imagine, when you're approaching 3,400 W of power dissipation. This is fairly complex. There aren't that many people out there that have the engineering and the technology to do this. We're working pretty heavily on it. Needless to say, we're pivoting the business more towards AI applications.

[David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities]

Okay.

[David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities]

When you think about overall AI exposure in 2025, could you just help us with, you know, you add up this HBM inspection product and the Eclipse and a few other things. What do you think your revenue stream is that's kind of dedicated to AI in 2025, and I basically assume it was almost next to nothing in 2024.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Yeah, I would say it's pretty close.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

To zero in 2024.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

The AI here, got to be a little careful, right? Talk about AI, everybody tends to think.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Of data centers, there is actually sort of a blend here of processors that are already running some level of language model in them. I think if I look at 2025, a little tally here would tally up maybe sort of on the order of $40 million, approximately $40 million of system revenue this year on things that I could associate with Edge AI or data center related AI. We expect that to be growing going into 2026.

[David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from Robert Mertens with TD Cowen.

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Hi, this is Robert. On behalf of Krish Sancar, thanks for taking my questions. I guess just the first one. With the recent convertible raise, how are you thinking about the best use of cash between developing some of the new areas of expansion, be it investment in the software business or high bandwidth memory, versus historically completing a number of smaller tuck-in M&A deals to bolster the technology portfolio? Maybe I'll just add in your views on using cash for share repurchases since I know they've been on pause for the last few quarters. Thank you.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Yes, good question. Really the answer is we want to pursue both paths. In order to pursue acquisitions of any meaningful size, we needed to go to the financing market. We needed capital, which basically drove our decision on the convert, strengthen the balance sheet and have more flexibility when it came to growing through acquisition. We're going to continue to focus on organic development in the areas that Luis has been talking about. Clearly we want to be opportunistic as well when it comes to M&A. Of course, with the recent hire of Matt, it's a priority for us. That's really the main driver for the convert. Now with respect to buyback, that's a sort of board decision. Yes, we're on pause for now. Should the stock valuation go to a point where we, you know, is more compelling, I think we would again get back into the game.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

The objective for 2025 on the share repurchase was to offset dilution from our equity compensation plan. We've essentially done that, did that in Q1. I suspect it'll be similar for next year.

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Got it.

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Thank you. Thanks for the color on the latest Eclipse system. Maybe just going back to that in terms of the areas where that's focused, is that sort of more of a broad-based system for any sort of end market, and you're just seeing more traction on the compute side, the power and the heat requirements, and just end demand in that end market today versus your traditional auto, industrial, or is that something that auto and industrial customers could start to look into more once their end demand picks back up?

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Thank you.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Yeah. Robert, the Eclipse handler platform is not really.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

A.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Traditional product for industrial applications or auto applications.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

You could say we can use it.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

For consumer products, we can use it for RFIC tests, we can use it for general mobile applications.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

We have been really being more selective.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Here with our engineering resources in putting them more around these complex thermal requirements that we see in general AI processor needs. I think they've shared a collection of letters here that people use in AI today from XPU, TPU, NPU, APU, GPU. We're really focused on that. We're really focused on, look, if it is AI related, whether it's training or inference mode or network mode, backbone network connectivity. That's interesting because it applies or it lends itself well to our thermal technology. It lends itself to where we can differentiate. It lends itself where we can bring value to the table. We're being quite selective on where we are deploying the Eclipse right now and the bandwidth that we're deploying against customers that have those challenges. The product could be used for a variety of other things, not traditionally, not your traditional industrial auto use in this case.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

We're being more focused on AI end use cases.

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Got it.

[Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen]

Thank you so much.

[Operator]

Our next question comes from Dennis Piatchinen with Needham & Company.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Great, thank you for taking our questions. Even with the recent uptick in Q3 mobile system orders year to date versus year to date last year, it seems.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

To be lagging somewhat behind other segments.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Even in light of utilization recovery there.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Why have system purchases in the segment lagged somewhat?

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Are you perhaps expecting strength in mobile into next quarter even with systems guided down?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

No, not exactly, Dennis. I mean, if you look at our Q3 revenue.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Mobile I think was actually our largest segment, right, sort of tied hand in hand with automotive. I think the mobile related shipments we largely completed here in the third quarter going into fourth quarter. We should see more shipments into the auto and computing space. I think mobile goes into, I'm thinking more in terms of our test handlers. We will see some mobile demand in RF test hit in the fourth quarter. There's going to be a little bit of revenue there on that front. By and large I don't think mobile is going to be our largest segment in the fourth quarter. I don't expect that to be the case again.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Great.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

What about for automotive and industrial? The cyclical recovery continues to be kind of somewhat muted. What are you seeing in these markets in terms of recovery? I think you're saying there's going to be some strength into Q4, but is there any visibility beyond that?

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Yeah, there's some puts and takes. You're right. This has been sort of elusive.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Recovery both in auto and industrial.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

I think we have had a quarter.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Where we had some green shoots in auto in Q2, I want to say, it had some green shoots in industrial.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

What we're having now is more of.

[Luis Müller, President and CEO at Cohu Inc]

Talks from customers that are saying that they are back to the mode of needing initial capacity in the auto and industrial segment. Talking about some initial demand in Q1 of next year, into Q2 next year. Nothing dramatic yet, but the thoughts are starting to improve. We also see an increase in spare sales to our handlers in the auto and industrial segment, basically supporting the fact that they're taking systems that have been put aside, so underutilized segment for test, and bringing those systems back online. I think, like I said, we had three consecutive quarters now of recurring business improving and continue to project the fourth quarter recurring business to improve again sequentially. This applies both to, like I said, spares for our test handler systems, which is a very good indicator, as well as improvement in our test interface business.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Great.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Could you discuss the gross margin strength sequentially into Q4, even with revenue being down a little bit. What's driving that?

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

There's a mix component to it, Dennis. As Luis Müller just mentioned, we've got increasing recurring revenue which has gross margins in the mid-50%. We're expecting the recurring revenue to be about 60% of the total revenue. It was 55% in Q3. I think that's the main driver of that increase in gross margin quarter over quarter.

[Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company]

Great. That's very helpful. Thank you very much.

[Operator]

That concludes today's question and answer session. I'd like to turn the call back to Jeff Jones for closing remarks.

[Jeffrey Jones, CFO at Cohu Inc]

Thank you. Before we sign off, I'd just like to note that Cohu will be attending several investor conferences over the next three months: the Stifel Midwest Conference on November 6th in Chicago, the New York City CEO Summit Conference on December 16th, and the Needham Virtual Conference on January 15th of next year. If you plan to attend any of these conferences, please reach out to your conference contacts or contact us directly to arrange a one on one meeting. Thank you for joining today's call and we look forward to speaking with you again soon.

[Operator]

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Jeffrey Jones, CFO
• Luis Müller, President and CEO

Analysts

• Robert Mertens, Research Associate at TD Cowen
• David Dooley, Senior Research Analyst at Steelhead Securities
• Brian Chin, Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Stifel
• Dennis Piatchinen, Equity Research Analyst at Needham & Company