Great-West Lifeco Q3 2025 Earnings Report

Great-West Lifeco EPS Results

• Actual EPS: C$1.33
• Consensus EPS: N/A
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

Great-West Lifeco Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $8.21 billion
• Expected Revenue: N/A
• Beat/Miss: N/A
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

Great-West Lifeco Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q3 2025
• Date: 11/5/2025
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, November 6, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 8:30AM ET

Great-West Lifeco (TSE:GWO) is one of the three big Canadian life insurance firms. With just under half of the firm's profit and revenue in Canada, Great-West also operates in the U.S. and Europe. In Canada, Great-West provides both individual and group insurance. In the United States, Great-West operates Putnam Investments and defined-contribution recordkeeping firm Empower Retirement. In 2020, Great-West announced it would acquire Personal Capital and MassMutual's recordkeeping business. In Europe, Great-West offers life insurance, annuities, and reinsurance primarily in the U.K., Ireland, and Germany.

Great-West Lifeco Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Company reported record base earnings up ~15% year‑over‑year and a record base ROE of 17.7%, with all four business segments contributing to growth.
• Positive Sentiment: Lifeco has repurchased just under $1 billion of common shares year‑to‑date and is raising its 2025 buyback target by $500 million (to a ~$1.5 billion total), citing strong cash flow and balance‑sheet flexibility.
• Positive Sentiment: Empower delivered a standout quarter with $30 billion net plan inflows, Empower Wealth surpassing $100 billion in client assets, and management highlighting AI/technology investments that are driving sustainable margin improvement.
• Positive Sentiment: Capital & Risk Solutions (CRS) base earnings rose ~20% YoY, management added about $80 million of annualized expected earnings this quarter, and sees durable demand for capital/structured reinsurance while maintaining a selective underwriting stance (medium‑term growth target: mid‑single digits).
• Negative Sentiment: Results were helped by $112 million of insurance experience gains (mortality), but management warns of continued mortality volatility, and an early read on the new Canadian federal budget suggests a modest adverse impact (~1% of base earnings or ~$0.03/share and ~0.5 ppt higher effective tax rate) if proposed measures pass as drafted.

Presentation

[Operator]

Thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Great-West Lifeco third quarter 2025 results conference call. As a reminder, all participants are in a listen-only mode, and the conference is being recorded. After the presentation, there will be an opportunity for analysts to ask questions. To join the question queue, you may press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. Should you need assistance during the conference call, you may signal an operator by pressing star, then zero. I would like to turn the conference over to Mr. Shubha Khan, Senior Vice President and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco. Please go ahead.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Thank you, Morgan. Hello everyone, and thank you for joining the call to discuss our third quarter financial results. Before we start, please note that a link to our live webcast and materials for this call have been posted on our website at greatwestlifeco.com under the Investor Relations tab. Turning to slide two, I'd like to draw your attention to the cautionary language regarding the use of forward-looking statements, which form part of today's remarks. Please refer to the appendix for a note on the use of non-IFRS financial measures and important notes on adjustments, terms, and definitions used in this presentation. Turning to slide three, I'd like to introduce today's call participants. Joining us today are David Harney, our President and CEO; John Nielsen, our Group CFO; Jeff Poulin, CEO Reinsurance; Ed Murphy, President and CEO Empower; Fabrice Morin, President and CEO Canada.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Lindsay Ricks-Broom, CEO Europe, Linda Kerrigan, our Appointed Actuary, and John Melvin, our new Chief Investment Officer. We'll begin with prepared remarks, followed by Q&A. With that, I'll turn the call over to David.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks, Shubha. Please turn to slide five. We had a great third quarter, delivering very strong results and executing effectively on our strategic priorities. Base earnings reached a new record high, but more importantly, I am very pleased that we saw good earnings growth in all our four segments, including double-digit base earnings growth in the U.S., Europe, and capital and risk solutions, and mid-single-digit base earnings growth in our Canadian business. This performance underscores the strength of our market positions and the ability of our teams to meet evolving customer needs. This quarter also undersc...

[Operator]

This meeting is being recorded. This meeting is being transcribed.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

We continue to return capital to shareholders through our normal course issuer bid. Given our robust cash flows and balance sheet flexibility, we are announcing a further increase to our target repurchases for 2025. Today, in addition to remarks from myself and John Nielsen, Jeff Poulin will provide more insights on our capital and risk solutions business, a strongly performing business and a key contributor to Great-West Lifeco's ongoing success. Please turn to slide six. As I said, we are pleased to report a strong third quarter driven by solid execution across our business. We achieved record base earnings of 15% year-over-year and a base return on equity of 17.7%, also a new high for Great-West Lifeco. Our financial position remains very strong with solid capital and leverage ratios, giving us significant financial flexibility to enable future growth.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

As at November 5, we had repurchased just under $1 billion in common shares, and given the strength of our business, we are raising our total 2025 target buyback by $500 million-$1.5 billion. John Nielsen will elaborate on this shortly. Please turn to slide seven. Our results reflect successful execution of growth strategies in wealth, retirement, group benefits, and insurance. We are proud to serve over 40 million customers globally, and we work hard to deepen these relationships. In the U.S., our retirement business had a fantastic quarter with net plan inflows of $30 billion, which I'm sure we'll discuss later in the Q&A. Empower's wealth business also achieved a very significant milestone, crossing $100 billion in client assets, reflecting the continued momentum of the business since its launch in January 2023.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

In Canada, continued investments in technology and digital capabilities are enhancing customer and advisor experiences, improving operational efficiency, and positioning us for further growth in group benefits, wealth, and retirement. In Europe, we consolidated asset management operations, increasing its scale and competitiveness, which is an important enabler to our strongly growing wealth and retirement businesses in Europe. Our CRS business continues to capitalize on global opportunities, delivering tailored solutions and attractive returns. Jeff Poulin will discuss further in a moment. Finally, I'd like to welcome John Melvin, who joined us on 1st of October as our new Chief Investment Officer. John's experience and expertise will help shape our global investment operation, and we're delighted to have him on board the Great-West team. Please turn to slide eight. I am particularly pleased that the results this quarter reflect the strong market positions in each of our four segments.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

We are delivering on our medium-term growth ambitions through organic growth. Our teams are working hard to meet the retirement, wealth, and insurance needs of customers, and our market-leading positions continue to be well-placed to benefit from favorable demographic, socioeconomic, commercial, and public policy tailwinds. I'll pass it now to Jeff to speak to our capital and risk solutions business in a bit more detail.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. Please turn to slide 10. The capital and risk solutions experienced a very strong quarter with base earnings up 20% year-over-year. This was primarily fueled by our capital solutions business, where we closed several deals in the quarter. The capital we invested to underwrite these transactions drove a 36% increase in the run-rate insurance results for our capital solutions business. The pipeline in that business remained strong, and we continue to expect new deals in the coming quarters. Favorable mortality experience in our U.S. traditional life portfolio also supported strong earnings growth in the quarter. Turning to slide 11. In recent years, our business mix has increasingly shifted to capital solutions, or structured reinsurance, as it's often called in the industry. This business helps clients to more closely align their capital to the inherent risk of the underlying business.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

At a more reasonable cost relative to alternative solutions. Demand for capital solutions has increased significantly over time. In the last 30 years, the reinsurance market has evolved from one purely focused on risk sharing to one where primary insurance carriers are increasingly looking for help with capital management. More recently, insurance markets around the world have experienced increased inflationary pressures, with premiums rising to offset the increase in claims. As required capital is sometimes directly proportional to premiums, these pressures have further spurred demand for capital solutions, and CRS has been able to capitalize on this opportunity. By contrast, our risk solutions business, which involves more traditional reinsurance transactions, has grown at a more measured pace of late. Margins on certain types of business have become less attractive due to increased supply of traditional risk transfer solutions.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

We have therefore pivoted to capital solutions in recent years, where market conditions are significantly more favorable. Turning to slide 12. I want to take this opportunity to demonstrate how we create value through capital solutions, given the particularly strong growth in that business this quarter. Each transaction is unique, and we look to help clients with their capital needs by identifying opportunities to more closely match their capital with the inherent risk of the underlying business. Traditional financing solutions, such as raising debt or equity capital, are less efficient. They improve available capital at a potentially higher cost of financing than solutions that more closely align capital to risk. By contrast, capital solutions involve optimizing required capital, which has a more favorable impact on capital ratios and returns on a per dollar basis.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Since insurers hold a multiple of their required capital, it is more efficient to reduce the required capital than to add to available capital. Overall, this makes our products more attractive to clients than traditional forms of financing. CRS is a very experienced team that tailors each transaction to the client's needs. We spend time with clients and use a variety of treaty mechanisms to transfer risk in a managed way that provides capital relief at an attractive price. The goal is to have structures that transfer the risk to CRS, but allow the client to retain more of the underwriting economics of the business reinsured. Turning to slide 13. CRS is well-positioned to capture a meaningful share of the growing demand for capital solutions, thanks to several competitive advantages. These include support from Lifeco and a strong credit rating, both of which make us a reliable counterparty.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Deep and enduring customers' relationships, having helped clients manage through insurance cycles and changing regulatory environments for more than three decades. An opportunistic and selective approach to new business, reflecting a strong risk management culture. Combined with the favorable market outlook for capital solutions, our competitive strengths give me confidence that CRS will continue to deliver earnings growth in the mid-single-digit range or better over the medium term and continue to be significantly accretive to the ROE of Lifeco overall. With that, I will turn it to John to discuss Lifeco's results for the quarter.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks, Jeff. Please turn to slide 15. Lifeco again delivered record base earnings in the third quarter, supported by constructive global equity markets, strong new business volume, insurance experience gains, and modest credit experience. Base earnings grew 15% year-over-year, with all lines of business growing double digits. This helped drive base ROE to 17.7%, up 40 basis points year-over-year. Earnings quality continues to be high, as net earnings were within 5% of base earnings, largely on account of modest impacts from assumption changes and management actions, as well as favorable market experience. Please turn to slide 16. Exceptionally strong insurance experience and modest credit experience bolstered results this quarter. Insurance experience gains were $112 million, nearly twice the four-quarter average of $58 million. This was primarily driven by mortality gains across all operating segments.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

As you recall, in the first quarter, we experienced exceptionally weak mortality experience, and we would expect this volatility to continue. Additionally, credit experience was minimal this quarter and well below our 10-year average of 3 basis points. Going forward, we expect credit experience as a percentage of non-PAR fixed income assets to be in the range of 4-6 basis points post-tax on an annual basis, based upon long-term industry-wide loss experience. In normal conditions, we'd expect credit experience to be at the low end of this range. However, we would expect volatility period to period as a result of idiosyncratic events. Turning now to our results by segment, starting with slide 17. Empower saw double-digit growth with base earnings up 10% year-over-year in constant currency. This reflected strong organic growth in both the retirement and the wealth business.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

The retirement business capitalized on strong markets, as well as $30 billion in plan inflows this quarter, which more than offset participant activity. We continue to expect plan flows for the second half of 2025 to be largely in line with the $25 billion that we shared on the second quarter earnings call. Empower Wealth delivered base earnings growth of 39% year-over-year. This was driven by record net inflows of $3.4 billion, up 43% over last year, reflecting continued strength and rollover sales. We remain well on track to improve our rollover rate by 30% over the medium term. Both the retirement and wealth businesses achieved record operating margins in the quarter, highlighting the scalability of our platforms and reinforcing the double-digit growth outlook for Empower.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

Turning to slide 18, base earnings in our Canadian operations increased 4% year-over-year due to continued momentum in group benefits and retirement. Group benefits saw strong organic growth and insurance experience gains, while equity markets and improved segregated fund flows supported retirement and wealth results. Underlying growth in our Canadian operations was strong, with base earnings up 9% year-over-year, excluding earnings on surplus, which have been impacted by lower yields over the last 12 months. Turning to slide 19. Base earnings in our Europe segment increased 12% year-over-year on a constant currency basis. As in Canada, this was driven by robust growth of the group benefits in Forcebook, as well as strong insurance experience and higher fee income in wealth and retirement due to strong global equity markets. Turning to slide 20.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

As we have said in the past, the organic capital generation of our businesses is significant, but underappreciated. For the last 12 months, base capital generation exceeded 80% of base earnings and would have been higher if not for the very strong new business growth in CRS this quarter. We continue to have a high degree of fungibility in the capital we generate. In fact, the cash remitted by the segments to Lifeco exceeded 100% of base earnings for the trailing 12-month period. We expect remittances in the fourth quarter to be in line with our four-quarter average. This is the result of our business mix, as well as the contributions from initiatives to optimize our balance sheet that we highlighted at our recent investor day. Turning to slide 21. Lifeco's strong free cash flow gives us tremendous flexibility for continued capital deployment.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

As of today, we have largely completed the previously announced $1 billion of share buybacks and have announced our intention to repurchase an additional $500 million before the end of the year. Turning to slide 22. Despite strong new business volume in our reinsurance business, ongoing dividend payments, and substantial share repurchases this year, Lifeco's financial position has continued to strengthen and remain robust against a backdrop of elevated market and economic volatility. Our LICAT ratio remains strong at 131%, only decreasing one percentage point from the prior quarter, primarily due to the increased organic reinvestment in CRS. Given the seasonality of the reinsurance business in the fourth quarter, we expect the ratio to decline by one to two percentage points through the end of the year. Our leverage ratio decreased by one percentage point quarter-over-quarter to 27%, reflecting the maturity of a bond.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

Lifeco's financial position, including the cash balance of $2.5 billion, positions us for continued financial flexibility, including for any compelling M&A opportunities that emerge. With that, I'll turn it back over to David for concluding remarks.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Thank you, John. Please turn to slide 24. As we close out the third quarter and look to finish the year strong, we have high-performing teams that are delivering against focused strategies in their markets. Our performance in Q3, including record base earnings, reflects strong execution against our strategic priorities. All four of our business segments are delivering base earnings growth in line with or ahead of our stated ambitions. Our continued financial strength and flexibility are key enablers of our success, allowing us to navigate changing market conditions with confidence while continuing to invest in future growth. Together, we are on track to meet or even exceed our medium-term financial objectives, all while continuing to deliver lasting value for our stakeholders. Finally, I know many from our teams are listening to the call today, and I want to thank you all for your continued commitment to Great-West Lifeco.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

With that, I'll turn over to Shubha to start the Q&A portion of the call.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Thank you, David. In order to give everyone a chance to participate in the Q&A, we would ask that you limit yourselves to two questions per person. You can certainly re-queue for follow-ups, and we'll do our best to accommodate if there's time at the end. Morgan, we are ready to take questions now.

[Operator]

We will now begin the analyst question-and-answer session. To join the question queue, you may press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. You will hear a tone acknowledging your request. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing any keys. To withdraw your question, press star, then the number one again. Your first question comes from John Aiken with Jefferies. Your line is open. Mr. Aiken, your line is open.

[John Aiken, Director of Research and Senior Analyst at Jefferies]

Good morning. Sorry about that. Wanted to take a look at the U.S. operations, both the protection as well as wealth, sorry, the Empower business as well as the wealth management. We saw strong top-line growth driven by the growth in the assets, but what I was particularly interested in was the improvement in the margins that we saw. Now, obviously, I believe this is talking about the scale that you're generating in the businesses, but moving forward, are we going to need to see incremental investments in technology? Can you remind me in terms of what we should expect in terms of expense growth moving forward?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Ed, maybe I'll pass over to Ed.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

Sure. Thanks for the question, John. I would say on the investment side in technology, we're continuing to invest in efficiency. We have a transformation effort that's underway that's driven very low unit cost over the last several years. If we look out over the next four to five years, we continue to see lower unit cost in the business. Much of this is being funded by the tech budget that we have as we continue to redirect more dollars into AI and automate more of our processes. As you know, we have a pretty substantial presence from a global standpoint in terms of application development, operations, and the like. As I look forward, I think we're going to continue to see similar margins. I think that they'll definitely be sustainable on an annual basis. Obviously, there's some seasonality variances.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

It's more acute in the wealth business where we tend to upweight the marketing spend in Q1. I think if markets hold and we do not experience further impairments, we should see continuous improvements in our margins annually based on the investments that we're making to improve the customer experience and drive unit costs lower.

[Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays]

Thanks, Ed. I appreciate the call. I'll re-queue.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Alex Scott with Barclays. Your line is open.

[Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays]

Hey, thanks for taking the question. The first one I have for you is to just see if you could extrapolate on some of the things you're doing from a technology standpoint. I mean, defined contribution in particular seems like a good area where maybe you could really drive even more operational efficiency with some of the new tools that are out there. So I'd just be interested in what are some of the things you're working on there?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. Like just. Sorry, maybe I'll cover on just a particular question, Alex, is just on the business overall rather than any particular segment.

[Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays]

Yeah, I'd be interested in business overall, but particularly interested in Empower and how you can maybe leverage your ability to consolidate the market, but maybe supercharge that with some of the technology investments that you're making.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah, maybe I'll start overall and then Ed, if you want to add some color on Empower. There's big technology opportunity across all of the business. We're investing a lot in just the foundational capabilities in each of the business. I think workflow systems and capturing all of our efforts within that are very important foundational tools. As we continue to invest in that, AI is going to be a big opportunity in driving efficiency in each of the businesses. We're already deploying AI a lot within our call centers. It's operating behind the scenes to help agents and improve their productivity. In each of the operational areas, all of the operation engines behind are starting to use AI capabilities to automate and improve productivity there.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

That is going to be a continued journey over the next, I would say, three to five years, and it is going to drive down unit costs. Ed, I do not know if there is anything you want to call out on the defined contribution business.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah, just in general, not just defined contribution, but in general, Alex, I would say that. We've been an early adopter of AI, and we have several tangible use cases that are in production right now where we're seeing meaningful benefit. I'll give you an example. If you look at our application development efforts, we've taken advantage of the global capability for a while now. We have 2,700 people in Bangalore across all of our functions, including operations and application development, but all of the functions. If you look at what we've done deploying AI with our app dev team, we're seeing anywhere between 25%-30% lift in productivity, which is meaningful. We've been driving a lot more throughput as it relates to a very aggressive investment agenda that we have for both the wealth business and the workplace business.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

We think we'll continue to see further lift there. We're also deploying it in terms of customer interaction. Whether it's through our client service managers, automating a lot of what they previously did, which was either by phone or by paper, all those tasks are being automated using AI. To David's point, we've taken our interactive voice response capabilities to a whole new level in leveraging AI there as well. Rep-assisted calls are down dramatically, and it's a much better experience for the customer. We stood up an innovation lab at Empower about three years ago, and we're driving a lot of these efforts forward. I think to the earlier question that John asked, this is very core to our long-term goal of continuing to drive our unit costs lower.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

I agree with your hypothesis that as we look out over the next few years, I'm confident we can drive those costs lower than we currently have in our multi-year plan.

[Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays]

Got it. Very helpful. Thanks for humoring the ask for more detail there. I guess the second one I had for you is on the capital risk solutions business. Seems like you're getting a lot of growth. Could you maybe take us into some of the things that you see as good opportunity out there and just how you're viewing the competitive environment for this type of products? Maybe also this quarter too, if you could talk at all about whether P&C and catastrophes being lower had any impact.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Okay. I'll hand it over to Jeff.

[Jeff Poulin, CEO of Reinsurance at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks, Alex. Good question, obviously. On the capital solution side, we see a lot of opportunities both in the United States, in Europe, and even in Asia for that matter. The changing requirement or changing regulatory requirements there are going to generate more opportunities for us. We've been very, very good at looking at where we think capital is tight, where people are finding or needing what we're offering for them. And so it's been very good because we've been marketing to the right places, and we're seeing the fruit of that this quarter. I think we've added $80 million of annualized earnings in the quarter in terms of new business in capital solutions. It's been a good quarter. We see that trend continuing. There is a lot of change in regulations.

[Jeff Poulin, CEO of Reinsurance at Great-West Lifeco]

There's a lot of demand for these products. Premiums in a lot of the markets have gone up quite a bit, as I said earlier, and that is generating more required capital. If you have a book of any business and your premium's grown 20% because it did not perform very well, and you need to make it up the next year, you require typically in most countries 20% more capital to do that. We have been helping these companies. We help companies grow, and that is what we are focused on. I feel pretty positive about the outlook for our business. I think your second part was about the current P&C catastrophe. We feel sorry for the poor people in Jamaica, and our heart goes to them. It was a big hurricane, big loss.

[Jeff Poulin, CEO of Reinsurance at Great-West Lifeco]

It's early for us to tell whether we're going to be impacted or not, but the early estimate of the insured loss is such that we don't think we're going to have an effect on it. I think over the last few years, we've been telling you we've been de-risking or getting further away from the risk. We have been doing that, and the result of that is we see less claims as a result. I hope that I didn't miss anything here.

[Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays]

No, very helpful. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Paul Holden with CIBC. Your line is open.

[Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC]

Thank you. Good morning. Again, thanks for all the additional color and commentary on the CRS business. I do have a follow-up question for Jeff. You just mentioned that you added $80 million of annual, I think, expected earnings for the business. Then you talked about all the opportunities and why Great-West is well-positioned to capture those opportunities, which is clear in the results. My question really is why the mid-single-digit annualized earnings growth rate? Why not something higher? I get it's mid-single digits plus, but why not put it something higher, at least in the medium term?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks for the question, Paul. We obviously want to do better than mid-single digit. I mean, I think that's if anybody knows me, that's the goal here. At the same time, you could look at our historical run rate on the business, and you'll see that we overachieved that. The reality is our strength comes from the fact that we do not have the pressure to write the business. We want to be very disciplined and very choosy, if you will, in terms of making sure that we only write business that is above our target ROEs. Only when we see those opportunities will we bring them to the group. If we had much higher targets, I think we would feel compelled sometime to write business that we may not like as much.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

I think that's been the strength of our business and the reason why we haven't had very many hiccups over the years. We have created a very big, diversified portfolio that's running really well, and that's what we want to continue to do.

[Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC]

Okay. I guess another way to frame the question is, the growth in capital solutions, is it being offset sufficiently by the P&C reinsurance and the exit of life mortality such that it'll bring the growth rate down to mid-single digits? Is it fair to look at it that way? I don't think the shrinking of those other businesses versus the capital solutions will bring me down to mid-single digits, but that's another thing, another angle I just wanted to explore.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

No, that's not how we look at it. I think that our mortality business has been pretty flat for a long time. So we've grown despite that. I think that the P&C business is the same way. I think the earnings have been relatively flat on that. As a result, I'm not sure. I think we're still looking for risk solutions products and capital solutions products that are going to help us grow. We're just very opportunistic in the way we look at it. Right now, on the risk solution side, we don't see anything attractive, and so we're staying away. That could change over time. It's a matter of being ready when the opportunities come.

[Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC]

Got it. Okay. Then second question, hopefully it's a quick one. I was just going back and looking at the Putnam transaction and noted that there was a contingent payment of up to $375 million tied to revenue growth target. So wondering if anyone has an update on where that stands, given market performance is clearly being quite strong since then, and I imagine the revenue associated with Putnam likely has been strong.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah, John can give an update on that.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks, Paul. Really happy with the relationship. As you know, it's a strategic relationship, a partnership where we're working with Franklin to benefit both parties. We're tremendously happy with that relationship. It continues to grow. During the current quarter, our capital generation doesn't include any benefit from contingent capital being reflected from that relationship. We still see that relationship generating a level of contingent capital over the medium term, but it's not in our numbers this quarter.

[Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC]

Okay. Sorry, just. When could we expect it to flow through? Is this something that could be reoccurring for a period of time, or is it kind of on a set end date?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

I'd call it over the next two to three years, we should start to see some fruits of that relationship.

[Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC]

Okay. All right. That's good for me. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Doug Young with Desjardins Capital Markets. Your line is open.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Good morning. I guess a question for Jeff or maybe for David. Are you maybe back to the CRS? Are you willing to let CRS become a bigger part of Great-West? I know there have been some parameters you've thought about on that front. Has your view changed on that? I guess the limitation on that is how fast all your other businesses grow in terms of how much base earnings from CRS can grow to keep it kind of in line. I'm just wondering, top level, are you willing to let CRS become a bigger part of the overall business?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

No, I think we like the share that it has at the moment. So it's around 20% of earnings, and I think that's a good share to give us a diversified portfolio. Obviously, our capital-like businesses, particularly in the U.S., are growing stronger overall than our insurance businesses, and we expect that to be the continued direction of the group over the planning period. There will be times when CRS, as Jeff explained, does better than the medium-term ambitions that we've set out. We're going through one of those periods at the moment where there's just attractive opportunities for us in the market, and we expect that to continue into next year as well.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

There will be times just over our planning period where opportunities may not be attractive, and we like to give the business room to stand back and not be under pressure to grow when we enter into those time periods. We expect cycles like that over the next five years.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

The philosophy—sorry. Yep, go ahead.

[John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer at Great-West Lifeco]

I just wanted to add one more thing. I know you and I talked about this before, but I think one of the big advantages we have in the market is we're part of this big diversified group here with a really strong rating. You can't undermine that. That's a really big advantage we have in the market. If you compare us to other reinsurers that are very, very dependent on the next catastrophe or their earnings and their solvency is dependent on the next catastrophe or the next pandemic, we're diversified. We don't have that. A lot of our clients like that. I think that we like it where we are. We have a big diversified group, and it's good to be part of that.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Yes. I just wanted to confirm. The philosophy hasn't changed, and that's my question.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

No, no.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Okay. Yeah. Perfect. Then slide 16, I just want to go back to that. Maybe this is for Linda. It looks like you're guiding to a high $50 million on-average positive insurance experience quarterly. That's kind of your historical trend. I get that you've done well historically on reserving and positive insurance experience. Why should we expect positive insurance experience, and why should we not expect you to adjust your actual assumptions to bring this back closer to zero? Is it just the philosophy, or am I missing something? Just wanted to kind of explore that.

[Linda Kerrigan, Appointed Actuary at Great-West Lifeco]

Yes. Thank you. First of all, yes, we would definitely be looking at the four-quarter average. As John said earlier, we are seeing volatility in the mortality results this year between Q3 and Q1. When you're looking at that four-quarter average, really what we're seeing there is a continuing strong contribution from our group morbidity line in Canada. Their experience gains have some interest rate sensitivity, and they are impacted by the cycle of morbidity. That said, cycles can be long. Over the near term, we're not really seeing any factors that could have a material impact on the group benefits experience relative to the levels we're seeing this year.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Okay. So it really is hinging on the group side in Canada and what you're seeing in terms of outlook on that business that's giving you confidence in it, going back to normal, but still remaining somewhat positive.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

That's correct.

[Linda Kerrigan, Appointed Actuary at Great-West Lifeco]

Yes. That's fair.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Okay. Just one quick last one on credit. Everyone seems to do something different. I just kind of want to understand. On the credit side, the guidance that you're giving, John, is that net of your unwind in the investment line, or is that gross of that?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

That's gross of it, Doug. We think that the industry has had some volatility in its results. Due to idiosyncratic events, we wanted to give some perspective on what you would have seen over the longer term, not reflective of our own underwriting, which has been positive. You just look at the industry-wide losses over a 50-year period and then look at, in normal kind of conditions, what you might expect. What we indicated was that's about 4-6 basis points post-tax annually. We would expect kind of in most of those years in normal conditions it to be at the lower end of the range. Quarter-to-quarter, what you've seen in our results has some variability.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Yeah. And then net of the unwind, that would be basically your best estimate. Net of the unwind, net net it would be zero. That's the way that you're—

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

It would be, the unwind would be more significant than the 4-6 points because it has inherent accounting prudence or conservatism. It would be much higher than that. You can see that in our expected investment earnings.

[Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets]

Yeah. Perfect. Appreciate the color. Thanks.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Tom MacKinnon with BMO Capital Markets. Your line is open.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Yeah. Thanks, John. Just continuing on this credit thing. It looks to be maybe about this 4-6 might be somewhere in the area of maybe $80 million-$120 million annually. Do I have that kind of right? Does that seem to be your 4-6 basis point after tax?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Very close. Around $70-$100, Tom, would be—we wanted to get basis points because over time, the portfolio will change so that you can continue to think of it in that term too.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Where does this kind of lie? Because in what segments? Is it largely in Empower? Because there is no unwind going on in Empower. It is a different accounting construct there. You do not get offset from unwind there. If you can tell us where this $70-$100 kind of lies.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. I mean, it's proportionate to the portfolio and how much credit is in each of the segments. Empower is the largest of the segments in terms of credit assets. We hold some sovereign-type risks in some of our other portfolios for duration purposes. If you think of the number, you can think of it as around 60% reflective of Empower and the other 40% in the other portfolios, most of that being evenly split between Canada and Europe.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. That's good. Obviously, the 60% that's in Empower has no unwind offset, right?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Inherently, there is in the spread that we manage to. As you're aware, we earn an interest, and we credit a spread. As we price those products, develop those products, inherently in the spread, we manage to an expectation of credit experience.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Oh, inherent. Okay. Inherent in your pricing spread. Is that right?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Right.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. Got it. Yeah. There is no discount or anything like IFRS 17 stuff would be on that. Okay. Now.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. Because those are IFRS 9.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Yeah. Okay. Now, then just a question just with respect to rollover recapture. I think is the rollover recapture rate somewhere around 15%? Do I have that right? Is that what it would be in the quarter? Or where you're kind of running?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. We do not disclose rollover capture rates. They are improving, and shares are above 15%. The better metric to track just the performance of the wealth businesses is the net inflows. They have performed very strongly year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter. I think why that is a better measure is it obviously captures the business that is coming out of the retirement business. It captures business that we are winning elsewhere. It captures crossover sales. It also reflects the retention within the wealth business. I think the key metric to look at in assessing the wealth business is those net inflows, and we are performing very strongly on that.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Is the money in motion? I think you've kind of, out of Empower, that you'd be able to recapture. Is that somewhere around 8% of Empower's total assets? Would that be a correct gauge of looking at that?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

We do not disclose that. For a mature sort of DC business, and I think what all of the players would see in the U.S., disbursements typically are about 10%.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. Would all of those be potential rollovers, or would some of it not be rollovers?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Ed can add on this. I suppose one of the things we're very proud of in the U.S. is we have an open platform. Sponsors, participants are free to make choice while they're saving for retirement, and then they have a full range of options. Once they come to retirement or when they're moving jobs. We have to work very hard and have a very good offering to capture our share of that. That's what we're doing at the moment. Ed, you might want to add some more color?

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

The only thing I would say is no, that's not the numerator. It would be less than that due to cash-outs and de minimis type accounts. That's not the numerator. It would be less than that.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Would it be more like 6%-8%, Ed?

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

I think that's a good marker, somewhere in that range. Yeah. Yeah.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. Appreciate that. Thank you.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

You have people that just take cash, right? They're just going to take cash. They've got bills to pay. If they're under 59, they have to pay a penalty. They pay a 10% penalty, and then they pay ordinary income taxes on it. You will get some cash-outs for sure.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

The planned participant outflows are pretty heavy in the quarter. Do you think it's just because the amounts were high, or were people just saying, "Okay, maybe I'm feeling pressure, taking money out"?

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

No, it's pretty rate-driven. The markets had a good run, as you know, Tom. If we look at the outflows, 90% of it's rate-driven, only 10% volume-driven. We haven't seen a marked increase in volume. It's been more rate. We also had a couple of large institutions in the quarter that had what I would characterize as sort of de minimis small account cash-out type efforts that contributed to the flows in the quarter, which were $12.8 billion, up from Q3. There was sort of a one-time event there. If you look in general, it's largely driven by the fact that the account balances are much higher due to the increases in the market.

[Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets]

Okay. Appreciate this. Thank you.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

Yep.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Mario Mendonco with TD Securities. Your line is open.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

Good morning. Can we go back to Capital Risk Solutions? The business. What I'm asking about now is the duration of the business because I can appreciate that the new business you've written is driving some pretty strong growth, but it really depends on how long this business is on the books for. I appreciate you can always generate new business, and I think that's the message you're offering us. The existing business, the business that's put on more recently, what is that duration of that business before you'd have to sort of generate even more new business to keep that trend going?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks for the question. It's a good one. It's the one I explain internally all the time. It is shorter-term business. We typically look at it like we lose 10%-20% of it every year. We have to replace it every year before we start growing. That's why you need a big diversified block business. Obviously, the risk solution business is better from a long-term perspective. The capital solutions bring much higher returns. I would say if you use 10%-15%, it's been really the run rate that we've seen on how much we lose every year. That gives you an idea of what we need to replace to start growing every year.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

That's a longer duration. It does, but it's just longer than I would have expected. You're saying that some of these capital solutions could run out for 5-10 years then?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

The duration would be shorter. Like I said, maybe four or five years might be typical, but then certain cases will renew and just continue on, and then you'll have a percentage that holds.

[Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. They'll have to deal with one-year deals. They renew. On average, I would say they're four or five-year deals, as Dave said. We have clients coming back and renew them so that some of them tend to last 15-20 years.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

I see. So you were quoting more of an effective duration, including the sort of expected renewals when you offered that outlook.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

That's right. Yeah.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

Okay. If we could go to the U.S. now. Clearly, the Empower business is delivering, as you described at your investor day and in previous discussions. I'm looking back, though, a few years to Q2 2022. When a large deal, and I've forgotten which one it was, whether it was Mass or whether it was, I've forgotten. Back in Q2 2022, $310 billion of new assets brought on. And I kind of thought that was going to be one of the important themes of this business that you'd continue to add. So what I'm getting at is, given this more aggressive pace of buybacks, are you signaling that it's organic growth from here in this business, or is there still opportunities to add $200 million-$300 million of assets to this business through acquisitions?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. On our investor day ambitions, they can all be achieved through organic growth. We continue to invest in the business to position ourselves very strongly. That is just a great position for us to be in. We are very confident about the organic growth in the U.S. and the Empower business. Clearly, there are opportunities for further add-ons, and we will continue to look at that. Yes, we are doing share buybacks at the moment, but we have a lot of financial flexibility and strength. If opportunities come up and we like them, we are ready to move on them. We are very disciplined when it comes to M&A. We have our internal return targets. They need to be earnings accretive within a very short period of time. We continue to measure and look at opportunities against those targets.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

We're in a great position, I think, to further add-ons if we can get opportunities at the right price.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

Do you believe, David, that there are still opportunities in that $200 billion-$300 billion range in this business, or have those been consolidated away?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

There's still a number of large opportunities, I would say, and lots then of smaller opportunities that you could add up. Yeah, it's still a very spread market, which I think further consolidation to come.

[Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Gabriel Dechaine with National Bank. Your line is open.

[Gabriel Dechaine, Managing Director and Senior Equity Analyst at National Bank]

Good morning. Similar line of questioning, but maybe from a different angle here. You've got $2.5 billion of cash at the hold co. In the U.S. sub, you're paying down a $690 million debt instrument. Can you give me a sense of what cash resources you have, including excess cash in the U.S., and then whatever an appropriate figure would be from that hold co cash that you would want to retain, I guess?

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

Yeah. Thanks, Gabe. As you might expect, when it gets to the hold co, it's very fungible from a shareholder capital allocation perspective. Historically, we've usually kept about $500 million for liquidity purposes. That's varied a little bit over time. The remainder at the hold co is clearly available and flexible from a capital allocation. I'd also call out that we have reduced our leverage. First, we've repaid all of the acquisition leverage that we took on and committed to repay. Now we started to buy into the ongoing leverage of the group. Our equity's grown over time. There's a reasonable amount of flexibility we have from a capital instrument perspective. You rightly point out, we do manage to generate all this cash while retaining good, healthy regulatory capital positions, both in our LICAT-based regulated entities as well as our U.S.-regulated entities.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

In terms of the U.S., we like to stay around or just north of 400% in terms of an RBC ratio. What we're really pleased with, and I shared this on the last call, is if you look back five years, we had three really nice businesses in the U.S. They were contributing a level of capital, but nowhere near the business that we have now. The U.S. has sent back cash this year or will send back nearly in line with its base earnings. That's driving, as we shared, more than 80% of our earnings turned into cash. As we also shared this quarter, we will remit over 100% of our earnings in cash flow to Lifeco this year. That puts us in a very advantaged position.

[Gabriel Dechaine, Managing Director and Senior Equity Analyst at National Bank]

Okay. All right. The budget that came out, the Canadian budget that came out this week, there was some, a section there on, I forget what they call it, tax fairness or something like that. There was a component aimed at reinsurance transactions, I guess. My question is not for CRS, but is there any, or what are your early thoughts on how the Feds are looking at Canadian risks being reinsured offshore and the earnings that those generate in those offshore entities? I do not know if there is anything to note there with regards to your business.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

David, it's an excellent question. We continue to evaluate the federal budget. It's obviously new. We haven't been able to get through the thing in deep detail. We are evaluating any financial impacts from that. We would note the budget does propose to tax any investment income on assets that are held by foreign affiliates and back Canadian insurance risk. If you assume, and this is early stages, that that proposal's passed as written, we'd expect the impact on our base earnings to be immaterial, but roughly around 1% or $0.03 per share, with an increase in about half a percentage point in our effective tax rate on our base earnings. That would be related to our Canadian operations. That's what we know so far as we evaluate all the provisions of the budget. That's an early estimate.

[David Harney, President and CEO at Great-West Lifeco]

We have to go through further work on it, but appreciate that you asked the question.

[Gabriel Dechaine, Managing Director and Senior Equity Analyst at National Bank]

Okay. Great. It does not sound like it is too big of a deal, but appreciate that it is still early. Thanks.

[Operator]

This concludes the question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Khan.

[Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations at Great-West Lifeco]

Thanks, everyone, for joining us today. Following the call, a telephone replay will be available for one week, and the webcast will be archived on our website for one year. Our 2025 fourth quarter and full year results are scheduled to be released after market close on Wednesday, February 11th, with the earnings call starting at 9:30 A.M. Eastern the following day. Thank you again, and this concludes our call for today.

[Operator]

This concludes today's call. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect and have a wonderful rest of your day.

Participants

Executives

• David Harney, President and CEO
• Jeff Poulin, CEO of Reinsurance
• Shubha Khan, SVP and Head of Investor Relations
• John Melvin, Chief Investment Officer
• Linda Kerrigan, Appointed Actuary
• Ed Murphy, President and CEO of Empower

Analysts

• Paul Holden, Equity Analyst at CIBC
• Alex Scott, Insurance Research Analyst at Barclays
• Tom MacKinnon, Managing Director in Insurance and Diversified Financials at BMO Capital Markets
• Gabriel Dechaine, Managing Director and Senior Equity Analyst at National Bank
• Doug Young, Analyst at Desjardins Capital Markets
• Mario Mendonca, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at TD Securities
• John Aiken, Director of Research and Senior Analyst at Jefferies