First Interstate BancSystem Q1 2025 Earnings Report

First Interstate BancSystem EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $0.49
• Consensus EPS: $0.56
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.07
• One Year Ago EPS: $0.57

First Interstate BancSystem Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $42.00 million
• Expected Revenue: $253.50 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$211.50 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: +2.00%

First Interstate BancSystem Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q1 2025
• Date: 4/29/2025
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Wednesday, April 30, 2025
• Conference Call Time: 11:00AM ET

First Interstate BancSystem (NASDAQ:FIBK) is a financial holding company headquartered in Billings, Montana. Through its principal subsidiary, First Interstate Bank, the company provides community banking services to individuals, businesses, governmental entities and nonprofit organizations.

Its products and services include personal and business deposit accounts, consumer and commercial lending, mortgage banking, treasury management, online and mobile banking, investment services, and wealth management. The bank also provides trust and fiduciary services through its wealth management operations.

Founded in 1971, First Interstate has expanded from its Montana roots through organic growth and acquisitions, including its 2022 acquisition of Great Western Bank. First Interstate Bank currently serves customers through a branch network across Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming. The company is led by President and Chief Executive Officer Kevin Riley.

First Interstate BancSystem Q1 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• First Interstate is refocusing on organic growth and full relationship banking while de-emphasizing large-scale M&A and optimizing its branch network, planning sequenced actions to reposition, open or consolidate rural branches to narrow the size gap with peers.
• The bank will exit 12 branches in Arizona and Kansas—transferring $740 million in deposits and $200 million in loans—which is expected to close by Q4 and drive roughly 2% tangible book value accretion and a 30–40 basis-point boost to CET1 capital.
• Criticized loans increased, primarily driven by $75 million of multifamily downgrades (slower lease-up activity) and commercial real estate industrial warehouse credits, and nonperforming assets rose by $52.8 million across five credits, though management asserts strong collateral and guarantor support.
• In Q1 the company reported net income of $50.2 million ($0.49/share) versus $52.1 million in Q4, a net interest margin of 3.22% (3.14% excluding purchase accounting), a $467.6 million loan decline, flat noninterest expenses, and declared a $0.47/share dividend (6.1% yield).
• 2025 guidance anticipates 3.5–5.5% net interest income growth, sequential NIM expansion to 3.4–3.5% by Q4, 2–4% noninterest expense growth, modest deposit gains, elimination of short-term borrowings by Q3, and high-single-digit NII growth in 2026.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the First Interstate BancSystem Q1 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all lines are in listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. If at any time during this call you require immediate assistance, please press star zero for the operator. This call is being recorded on Wednesday, 30 April 2025. I would now like to turn the conference over to Nancy Vermeulen. Please go ahead.

[Nancy Vermeulen, Financial Communications and Analysis Manager at First Interstate BancSystem]

Thanks very much. Good morning. Thank you for joining us for our Q1 Earnings Conference Call. As we begin, please note that the information provided during this call will contain forward-looking statements. Actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those expressed by those statements. I'd like to direct all listeners to read the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements contained in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and in our earnings release, as well as the risk factors identified in the annual report and in our more recent periodic reports filed with the SEC. Relevant factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements are included in the earnings release and in our SEC filing. The company does not undertake to update any of the forward-looking statements made today.

[Nancy Vermeulen, Financial Communications and Analysis Manager at First Interstate BancSystem]

A copy of our earnings release, which contains non-GAAP financial measures, is available on our website at fibk.com. Information regarding our use of the non-GAAP financial measures may be found in the body of the earnings release, and a reconciliation to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is included at the end of the earnings release for your reference. Again this quarter, along with our earnings release, we've published an updated investor presentation that has additional disclosures that we believe will be helpful. The presentation can be accessed on our investor relations website, and if you have not downloaded a copy yet, we encourage you to do so. Please also note that as we discuss our financials today, unless otherwise noted, all of the prior period comparisons will be with the Q4 of 2024.

[Nancy Vermeulen, Financial Communications and Analysis Manager at First Interstate BancSystem]

Joining us from management this morning are Jim Reuter, our Chief Executive Officer, Marcy Mutch, our Chief Financial Officer, and David Della Camera, our Deputy Chief Financial Officer, along with other members of our management team. At this time, I'll turn the call over to Jim Reuter. Jim?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you, Nancy, and good morning all, and thank you for joining us on our earnings call. Before we begin, let me point out the bittersweet fact that this is the last earnings call we will have with Marcy. As we announced at the end of February, Marcy is retiring after more than 18 years here at the bank and an accomplished career in finance of more than 30 years. It has been a pleasure and a privilege to work with you, Marcy. Even for the short period of time that I have had the opportunity, it is obvious that your influence on this company has been profound. You are leaving your post in great hands with David, but our future success will always be due in large part to the impact you have had in your time here.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you for all you have done for First Interstate, and congratulations on a brilliant career. On to the business at hand. I'd like to begin by discussing our longer-term strategy. As I discussed in the earnings call in the previous quarter, First Interstate is deemphasizing large-scale M&A and refocusing on full relationship banking. Both our near and long-term actions will be centered around reorienting the bank towards organic growth. This affects how we operate and how we evaluate every other aspect of our business. While we won't be providing 2026 guidance in light of the ongoing economic uncertainty, we will provide additional color later in the call on our medium-term net interest income expectations and our longer-term branch strategy. Our overarching strategy will be to deploy capital to areas of strength.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We have a valuable, low-cost, granular deposit base and strong market share in areas that are growing faster than national trends in which we intend to invest. Our capital levels and balance sheet are strong and flexible, and our underlying earnings are supported by asset repricing, which we anticipate will support meaningful earnings improvement. We also acknowledge that there are opportunities in our footprint to optimize our branch network. Today, our average branch size is approximately $76 million, which is smaller than our peer average. As a result, we are evaluating our branch network, and we anticipate beginning to take sequenced action to reposition, open, or consolidate branches later in 2025. With that said, due to our more rural branch network, we will always have a bit of a smaller branch size on average, but our goal is to narrow this delta.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

As announced on Monday, we are exiting our 12 locations in the states of Arizona and Kansas. Our decision to divest is aligned with our noted strategy to shift our capital investment and drive growth in markets where we have strong market share, and we believe this transaction allows us to do so. Deposit balances associated with these markets totaled $740 million as of 31 March 2025, and about $200 million of loans will be included in the transaction, which we expect to close by the Q4. Moving to credit, we are taking a proactive approach to managing credit, which we believe sets the bank up to perform well in all economic cycles. We reported an increase in criticized loans in the Q1 of $252.8 million, generally concentrated within commercial real estate. Our focus on the primary source of repayment drove most of these downgrades.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Downgrades in the multifamily book, which represented approximately $75 million this quarter, were mainly reflective of slower lease-up activity. Guarantors in this portfolio are generally strong, and they have shown willingness to solve property-specific challenges when asked. Outside the multifamily asset class, our commercial real estate downgrades were primarily in the industrial warehouse property type. They were customer-specific, and we did not see any specific trends driving this activity. Overall, while our downgrades in the Q1 were not as concentrated among a few borrowers as they were in the prior quarter, we did see pressure mainly from larger credits. The top 10 downgrades in terms of size comprised about three-quarters of the increase in criticized assets.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

On a side note, the four larger properties that migrated to criticized in the prior quarter, which we discussed in the previous earnings call, remained in the criticized bucket at the end of this quarter. Non-performing assets increased $52.8 million during the quarter. Five credits comprised the majority of the increase, and they include agriculture, agricultural real estate, and commercial real estate properties. Again, there was no specific trend among these credits. Broadly, the bank believes it is well secured in these instances. This quarter, we completed the external credit review we discussed on the prior quarter's call. To date, we performed a detailed review comprised of both external and internal credit reviews of a good portion of the commercial book, with a focus on larger credits. We do not have additional external reviews planned at this time.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

As we stated on our previous earnings call, credit is one of our primary areas of focus, and we have been proactive in recognizing credit concerns. Our current assessment indicates we have good collateral and strong guarantor support in most cases. We're hopeful for positive migration over time. You may also recall from the previous earnings call our decision to exit certain transactional credits, including large agricultural lending. Here's where we have had some success this quarter. We received approximately $40 million in an agricultural line paydown from one of the four customers we noted in the prior quarter, to whom we had exposure over $50 million. Three customers now remain with outstanding balances over that level. We also exited certain transactional real estate loans, including a $40 million low-yielding multifamily property. These payoffs contributed to loan balances declining more than we previously anticipated in the Q1.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We also note that the current economic uncertainty has resulted in limited customer demand, and loan production this quarter was below expectations, especially in commercial real estate. With the combination of lower customer demand and some expected larger payoffs in the multifamily space, we expect further shrinking of the balance sheet in the Q2, which is reflected in our loan and net interest income guidance. Again, we intentionally exited loans that exhibited credit or transactional characteristics that do not fit with our longer-term strategy, and we believe some additional activity will occur in the Q2. This intentional activity, which is a near-term reset, aligns our balance sheet with our business strategy and will position us for meaningful organic growth as we move into 2026 and drive our franchise value going forward.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We are also increasing our efforts to reinvigorate our brand and have hired a new Director of Marketing and Client Experience. We will be highlighting our strong brand presence, community engagement, and the fact we have the services offered by a large bank with the personal touch of a community bank. This, combined with increased investment in digital delivery channels, which is included in our non-interest expense guidance, is all part of our organic growth strategy. We have also recently hired a new Chief Risk Officer, Nathan Jones. Nathan brings with him extensive experience in credit and enterprise risk management in both large and medium-sized institutions. Before I turn the call over to Marcy, I want to touch on capital.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Our capital ratios continued to improve this quarter, due mostly to the reduction in our balance sheet. Our level of capital, our expectation of improving earnings, and near-term declines in loan balances create optionality in our capital. This will be strengthened further when we close on the announced branch transaction. Our dividend remains a key priority for us to provide shareholders with a strong yield. We actively consider our capital deployment strategy on an ongoing basis and will continue to do so. As we finalize our strategic planning, we'll continue to provide more guidance over time. I will now hand the call over to Marcy to discuss our results.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you, Jim, and thank you for your kind words about my retirement. It's going to be hard for me to leave First Interstate after more than 18 years, but it really helps to know that I'm leaving it in good hands. I agree that David will be an excellent successor to my role, and I already knew from experience that you two together are a superb team. I'm going to miss my First Interstate family very much, and I'm going to miss the analyst and investor community as well. Thank you all for making my time here so fulfilling. On to our results, and I'll start with the income statement. For the Q1 of this year, the company reported net income of $50.2 million, or $0.49 per share, compared to $52.1 million in the Q4 of 2024.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Our fully tax equivalent net interest margin increased two basis points in the Q1 to 3.22%. Our net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting accretion, increased six basis points to 3.14%. Non-interest income was $42 million, a decrease of $5 million from the prior quarter, driven by seasonality in our payment services business and lower trust fees in wealth management. We also had a benefit in the prior quarter from a $2.1 million gain on a property sale, which did not repeat this quarter. Non-interest expenses were $160.6 million in the Q1, a reduction of $0.3 million over the prior quarter. This included $1.4 million of severance costs, which included the exit of indirect lending, and $600,000 related to indirect business termination costs. We continue to focus on controlling expenses, further complementing our balance sheet repricing.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Moving to our balance sheet, loan balances declined by $467.6 million in the Q1. The decline was driven by lower customer demand, select larger loan runoff, and the intentional runoff of the indirect lending portfolio, for which we stopped accepting applications in the Q1. We saw the seasonal decline in deposits that we typically expect at this time of year. In the Q1, our deposits declined by $282.8 million, which was roughly half the decline we experienced in the Q1 of 2024. Deposits were roughly flat to the same period last year, reflecting improving underlying trends we are seeing in our deposit base. Again this quarter, we meaningfully reduced our wholesale borrowing. Borrowings declined by $607.5 million in the Q1 of 2025 and by more than $1 billion compared to the Q3 of 2024.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Our loan-to-deposit ratio finished the Q1 at 76.4%, and our balance sheet remains very flexible. Net charge-offs also normalized from the elevated levels we saw last quarter, totaling $9 million, or 21 basis points. Provision expense totaled $20 million, which reflected higher qualitative and quantitative adjustments. The quantitative portion was influenced by a weaker economic outlook. Our total funded provision was 1.24% of total loans at the end of the quarter, an increase of 10 basis points from the prior quarter. Finally, we declared a dividend of $0.47 per share, or a yield of 6.1% for the Q1 of 2025. Our Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio improved 37 basis points to 12.53%. With that, I'll hand the call to David to talk about our recently announced branch sale and to review our guidance.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you, Marcy. You can find our guidance on page 15 of the investor presentation. On Monday, we announced the sale of 12 branches and associated deposits and certain loans in Arizona and Kansas. We expect this transaction to close by early Q4. The transaction will improve capital at close and align with our strategic principle to invest and grow in markets where we have greater market share to deliver higher returns to shareholders. We anticipate tangible book value accretion of roughly 2% at close based upon 31 March 2025 deposit and loan balances, an improvement in our Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of approximately 30 to 40 basis points, excluding any capital deployment. We are currently considering our capital deployment options and anticipate that the combination of this transaction and any associated deployment of capital would be accretive to earnings.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We plan to provide further guidance later in the year. Moving to the current guidance, which excludes the impact of the branch sale, I'll start with the balance sheet. Deposit balances declined seasonally in the Q1, generally in line with our expectations. We continue to forecast modest deposit growth in 2025. We were pleased to see a 12 basis point decline in interest-bearing deposit costs in the Q1 and expect a modest decline into the Q2 as well, excluding the impact of any Fed rate changes. We have two rate cuts in our guidance in the Q3. Our balance sheet remains modestly liability sensitive, but it continues to trend towards neutral as fixed-rate investment cash flows reduce variable-rate borrowings. We don't believe the rate cuts included in our guidance are meaningful to the net interest income forecast we have presented for 2025.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

The asset trends in our guidance imply that we will eliminate short-term borrowings in the Q3 of this year, and we expect interest-earning assets will bottom at that time. We would also note that, over time, we are comfortable with borrowings on the balance sheet. Given our loan-to-deposit ratio and structural liquidity position, when loan demand recovers and we return to organic growth, we will have the flexibility to grow loans faster than deposits if necessary. We anticipate net interest income to increase 3.5% to 5.5% for the full year 2025 over 2024, with quarterly reported numbers improving sequentially through the year. We expect this momentum to accelerate into 2026. While we aren't providing full 2026 guidance, we expect 2026 net interest income, assuming flat loan balances in 2026, to increase in the high single digits over 2025.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Again, we are confident in our ability to grow, but wanted to provide this number for context around the impact we foresee from fixed asset repricing. Through 2026, from the end of the Q1 of 2025, we anticipate approximately $1.5 billion of cash flow from our investment portfolio at about a 2.5% rate and about $2.4 billion of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans to either mature or reprice at a weighted average rate of about 4.3%. For clarity, the balance of maturing loans increases in late 2026 and into 2027. We also anticipate a meaningful step-up in the net interest margin in the Q2 as compared to the first.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

With a backdrop of interest-earning assets in the $25 billion to $25.5 billion range, we anticipate the margin, excluding purchase accounting, to increase around 10 to 15 basis points in the Q2 from the 3.14% figure we reported in the Q1. Given the meaningful drop in borrowings in the Q1, the margin is notably higher to start the Q2. From there, we would expect the third and Q4 margin to expand at a slightly slower pace than the Q2, with Q4 net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting, in the 3.4% to 3.5% range. Our underlying earning asset assumption is a modest decline into the Q3 and flat to slightly higher balances in the Q4. We continue to exhibit expense discipline while investing in the future of the company.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Non-interest expense guidance of a 2% to 4% increase in 2025 versus 2024 includes an increase in advertising expenses as we move through the year, one of the many factors supporting growth into 2026. Expense guidance does not include any actions related to changes in the branch network. We anticipate the impact of branch-related optimization to be more meaningful in 2026. We will provide more information about these actions as we move through 2025 and complete our market-by-market analysis. Now, I'll turn the call back to Jim. Jim?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thanks, David. In closing, I want to reiterate that the underlying value of the First Interstate franchise is what excited me when I joined. Now we are working diligently to unlock that value. As we move forward, our focus will be on improving our credit quality, relationship banking, and organic growth. We will continue to evaluate where we can deploy capital to get the best return for our shareholders. With that, I'll open up the call for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we'll now begin the question-and-answer session. Should you have a question, please press the star followed by the number one on your touch-tone phone. You will hear a prompt that your hand has been raised. Should you wish to decline from the polling process, please press the star followed by the number two. If you are using a speakerphone, please lift the handset before pressing any keys. One moment, please, for your first question. Your first question is from Matthew Clark from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Hey, good morning, everyone.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Good morning, Matthew.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Just on the margin, do you have the spot rate on deposits at the end of March and the average margin in March?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, sure. Interest-bearing deposit cost in March was 1.77%. We think that's a little bit lower into April on a spot basis. Margin in March was 3.14%. There was a little bit of non-accrual impact during the month, so the actual effective margin into April is higher, and borrowings had declined towards the end of the month, so we start into April quite a bit higher than that.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. Great. Thank you. On credit, calling out industrial or some select industrial credits and ag, can you give us some better color as to the types of industrial credits and the type of ag that migrated this quarter? I guess what gives you comfort that the broader, those two broader portfolios are okay?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. On the non-performing side, there were five credits that represented the majority: two ag credits, three commercial real estate credits. The ag credits were different underlying properties, property types. The commercial real estate, a couple different as well. Within the criticized book, about $75 million of multi, and then some industrial as well. The industrial is really general industrial warehouse. There is not a specific underlying type that represents a majority of the book. It is a diversified underlying book. As those loans, as they were downgraded, we looked very carefully at all of them. We are comfortable with where they are based on what we know. Again, on the NPL side, as they move into non-performing, there is a specific collateral review that occurs to make sure we are collateralized, and then any specific reserves would occur at that time if necessary.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. The reserve to non-performing loan ratio down to 112, how do you see the risk of having to build more reserves from here?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. It's a good question. I think, again, there's a very robust process that we go through to set the reserve. We feel like we have the right number at the end of the quarter based on what we know. It's obviously a quarter-by-quarter analysis as we see where credit trends move. At the end of the quarter, we felt the 1.24% was appropriate based on all the facts and circumstances.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. Just back to the migration this quarter, both non-performers and criticized, I guess how much of that was legacy GWB versus legacy First Interstate?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Matthew, this is Jim. Just to kind of step back from that, as I mentioned in the Q4 call, we had an independent review done in the Q4, and we also continued that into the Q1. As I stated in the opening comments, credit's been an area I've spent a lot of time focusing in on. At the same time, that independent review, or those two independent reviews were taking place. Our team was also looking at the credits, both the bankers and our credit review. I can tell you our view of the credits was consistent, so that's a good thing.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We also tipped the scales to certain credits. Those reviews are all complete. When I look at where they're located in different things, there are certain parts of the footprint where we see more criticized loans. What this really is, is, in my opinion, a credit reset, getting consistent across the whole footprint. I think when you combine that with our exiting indirect, the changes we've made to the footprint, you can see we're action-oriented, but it was in different parts of the footprint as well.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. And then last one for me, just on capital return. It sounds like you're warming up to a buyback after this branch sale. Maybe correct me if I'm wrong if I'm reading into that. What are the how should we think about the payout ratio being elevated? Obviously, you're going to grow into it here, I think, in Q2, but just trying to balance the dividend payout and a potential buyback.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Matthew, that's a good question. We look at our capital every quarter, and our goal is to maximize return to shareholders. We don't have any imminent plans for a stock buyback, and dividend continues to be an important part of the return for our shareholders. I'd just say part of our ongoing capital planning, we look at all options.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler]

Okay. Fair enough. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question is from Chris McGratty from KBW. Please go ahead.

[Chris McGratty, Managing Director at KBW]

Oh, great. Jim, question for you now that you're settled. I guess relative to when you started, maybe on either side of the ledger, positive, negative surprises. Has the credit been materially worse than you thought, or is this just an opportunity to reset? I mean, both sides, positive, negatives would be great. Thanks.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Chris, that's a good question. As I mentioned, it's a reset. I think I'd be remiss if I didn't say that there was a little more than I had anticipated, but I feel like we've done a great review of the majority of the portfolio, and I feel good that we have a consistent credit culture across the company. I mentioned this in the opening comments. I'm a firm believer in proactive credit management. It's what produces the best results in all economic cycles. There was a little more there than I had anticipated. I can tell you the rest of the bank is as good, if not better, than what I anticipated coming in. I mean, really strong balance sheet in terms of low-cost granular deposits, a good mix of consumer and business.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

As I've traveled the footprint and met the team, it's a really good team of bankers. I was just in Eastern Iowa, Nebraska, and Wyoming, and I've driven by some of the loans that we were talking about and can see why we feel good about the collateral. It's just primary source of repayment. It's a big part of it. I would say on the deposit side, the franchise, the brand, all that feel very strong. On the credit, I feel like we've done a good reset, and we're positioned to go forward.

[Chris McGratty, Managing Director at KBW]

Okay. Thank you for that. To follow up on that question, and I think I asked this last quarter, but in terms of the capital, is the dividend preservation the number one priority, or is there a scenario where you would adjust it to give yourself more flex?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. Hey, Chris. The dividends are our priority. Organic growth, obviously, is where we want to deploy capital long-term. As we talked about, 2025, we think the balance sheet declines a little bit. Long-term, we obviously want to deploy into organic growth. Dividends are our priority. From there, we'd look at other options, but we're focused on our dividend.

[Chris McGratty, Managing Director at KBW]

Okay. I hear you. Thanks, Dave.

[Operator]

Your next question is from Jeff Rulis from D.A. Davidson. Please go ahead.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Maybe just to maybe circling back into credit again, I guess more of a philosophical question. If you think about some of the identifications of more problem assets, trying to get a peg for it, understand, Jim, this is a bit of a credit reset, but if you had to gauge linked quarter, how much of that is macro worsening or those borrowers, or is it, like you said, a true reset of maybe you're a little more a material change in sort of a self-directed, more critical view on existing credits?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Jeff, that's a good question. Not to give a non-answer, it's some of both. Some of the multifamily, for example, are construction loans that have come on to the market, and they've been a little slower to lease up. I think that's definitely been driven by some of the economic factors. The good news is we have strong guarantors, and they've been supporting the projects. Primary source of repayment matters because a guarantor doesn't build a new multifamily property with the idea that they're going to feed and care for it from a financial standpoint. I'd say it's a combination of a reset and some things that have happened as some of those construction loans have come online.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Jim, I guess we're all going to try to peg what inning you are in terms of credit review. It sounds like the review is complete now in terms of balances going forward. I guess it seemed like in your opening comments that into Q2, the review of credits will continue. I suppose there's criticized balance. I guess you'd be surprised—would you be surprised if you continue to increase that level linked quarter? Maybe an unfair question, but if you could provide any color about where you think you are in the identification of the problem assets as a whole.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Jeff. There are no special reviews going on at this point in time. It'll be ongoing credit reviews that we do as a normal part of good due diligence. You're never done with credit. I mean, it's always a dynamic situation. When you look at the economic news that came out this morning, it'd be hard for me to predict, Jeff, to be quite honest. I can tell you, like I said, good guarantors. I've been by some of the properties. They're good properties. I'm optimistic, but you can't ignore the news that came out this morning as well. I wouldn't say it's an unfair question. It's just one I can't give you a clear answer given all those dynamics.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Fair enough. Maybe just one last one on the expense side. David, do you have a figure on maybe expected expense savings from the branch sale if you were to remove that from the run rate?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. At a round number, the way I'd describe that is the non-interest expense as a percentage of the deposits in the transaction represent, call it a mid-2s number is kind of how we would coach that.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Okay. I'll back into that. Could you remind us of the baseline 2024 expense off of that 2% to 4% growth for the full year?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Just reported number. No adjustments to that report in 2024.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Okay. Just confirming, that guide is off of excludes the branch sale, correct?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

That's correct. Yep. Our guidance in totality excludes the branch sale.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Okay. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Andrew Terrell from Stephens. Please go ahead.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Hey, good morning. If I could just follow up on the last point around the branches briefly, the expense is helpful there. David, do you have the efficiency ratio kind of targeted for the branches?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

I think the way we're trying to describe it, Andrew, is just kind of the broad expense number we provided to kind of have the deposits and the loans. Nothing is too dissimilar to the rest of the bank, I would say, as it relates to the deposits. That kind of backs into that. Then again, with the capital brought in from the transaction, we feel like it's accretive to earnings with the combination of any capital deployment and the removal of the branches.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Yep. Understood. Okay. Just thinking about a 60% efficiency ratio in isolation for the branch transaction is probably fair.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

I'll just point back to the kind of mid-2s non-interest expense as a percentage of deposits. That's kind of the way we want to describe that.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Okay. Fair enough. Just around the topic of capital deployment, specifically the buyback was discussed, but I'm curious, is securities repositioning something that's included as kind of an arrow in the quiver of broader capital deployment? How should we think about the timeline of potential capital deployment given the balance sheet run-off this quarter? It sounds like next quarter as well. Even prior to any of the branch sale or other transaction, capital improves very nicely. Should we think about capital deployment as near-term, medium-term, or long-term? Any help on timing would be helpful.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Andrew, good question. Yes, securities and balance sheet repositioning is one of the things we always consider as well with our capital. Dividend, stock buyback, and organic growth, organic growth being the priority. Repositioning is part of our conversation. As to what will be near-term, medium-term, long-term, it is a quarter-by-quarter decision, Andrew. I think that is the best answer we can give because we have a lot of options. As you point out, we have a strong capital ratio, and it will only continue to get stronger as we go throughout the year. It is definitely a topic of conversation.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Understood. If I could move to just a credit quickly, I hear you, Jim, on kind of a credit reset this quarter. I think there was a bit of surprise that the charge-off guidance stayed the same given the shift in non-performer, special mention. Maybe just help us out. Why should we remain comfortable with the stated kind of charge-off band or guidance in context of the downgrades you saw this quarter?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. Good question. When we look at the collateral, we look at the guarantors, and we look at the path through many of these credits. That's why we haven't changed our forward charge-off guidance. It's certainly something we'll take a look at. There are macroeconomic impacts to that as well. That's the reason for that position today. As David mentioned, in our CECL process, we have a very robust process, including putting in overlays, doing different things. We certainly had a conversation around this, and we feel like where we landed from a coverage standpoint is what makes sense given what we know today.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Got it. Just one more, if I could. The NPL interest reversal, do you have the magnitude of how much that influenced the Q1 margin? Or dollar terms is fine?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. It was a little over $1 million for the full quarter, Andrew.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Okay. Thank you very much. And Marcy, congratulations on a retirement.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Hey, thanks, Andrew.

[Operator]

Your next question is from Timur Braziler from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Hi, good morning. Thanks for the questions. Just going back to your comments on the slower lease-up activity in the multifamily construction space, can you just give us the geographies where you're seeing the most amount of stress in filling some of these vacancies?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Timur, I'm not going to get specific. I can tell you it's in a few different spots. It's not just one. I think we don't have a large concentration of a lot of multifamily in one space. I think that's a good thing. We've seen it with a few different projects throughout our footprint.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. We'll just add, Timur, that, again, the largest state concentration within our commercial real estate book is under 20%. It is a geographically diversified portfolio.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Okay. I appreciate that. Maybe circling back on credit, you had mentioned that the downgrades were primarily from larger credits, and there are three remaining that are over that $50 million. Are those all okay through this review process? Were any of those downgraded along kind of the risk migration scale? Can you just remind us what those three loans are for?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. Three that are over 50 remaining. Again, none of those were downgraded this quarter. No activity within any of those. Again, the largest downgrade this quarter was a little bit over $20 million. There were no significant downgrades this quarter of that size. We do not want to give specifics on those larger credits. We obviously have a lot of eyes on them. We talked last quarter about the four large credits that were downgraded. That is kind of the detail we want to provide on those. All three of those are currently performing loans. We will leave it at that for those three.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Okay. Great. Then just last for me, you had mentioned meaningful organic growth in 2026. Can you just help kind of ring-fence that comment? Meaningful, is that just balance sheet expansion at this point? I guess as you think about the asset classes where you're looking to grow, can you just maybe give the composition of what future loan growth is going to look like?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. I think the way we're thinking about that is kind of on a relative basis from where the balance sheet is in 2025. I mean, at this time, we don't see a high single-digit number in 2026 for organic growth. It's probably more in kind of low to mid at this time. Obviously, as we go through the year, we'll be able to provide more clarity on that. Composition-wise, our focus continues to be on that small business to kind of a little bit larger space. I think kind of C&I, owner-occupied, those type of products.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Timur, I would just add that, I mean, it's a priority now. When you see our forward projections, we do show some shrinking in the loan portfolio as we run off some of the larger credits and non-relationship loans. It is an intentional direction this year. That does not mean underlying we are not working on growth, branding. Our bankers have growth goals, all those things, because that's not something you turn on and it starts to work tomorrow. It's been turned on. When you look at the other things that are in play, exiting indirect, as well as the things I mentioned, that's why there's a little bit of a headwind for this year.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Got it. Have you guys provided the portion that's non-relationship-driven on the lending book? You guys provided that in the past?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

No, that's not something we provide, Timur.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Okay. Great. All right. Thank you for the questions.

[Operator]

Your next question is from Jared Shaw from Barclays Capital. Please go ahead.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital]

Hey, good morning. And Marcy, congratulations. It's been great working with you over the years.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you, Jared.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital]

Maybe on the capital question, maybe asking a little different way. When you look at CET1 continuing to build here, given the risk profile of the bank, where do you think an appropriate long-term CET1 ratio would be that you'd want to hold?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. I think the way we think about that, Jared, is we do not have specific CET1 external targets today. We are obviously very comfortable at a mid-12s number that we feel like is moving higher. We talked about the move higher we see at the close of the branch transaction. We are not going to provide today a CET1 target, but fair to say we are comfortable and we feel like we have appropriate capital to consider other options as we move through the year.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital]

Okay. On the deposit side, when we look at the DDA balances, whether, I guess, maybe on average, do you feel like we're at a good floor here for average DDAs? As a percentage of deposits, do you think that it's either stable or growing from here, or is there still some potential pressure?

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. I think on an average basis, we've been within about a percent for the last, I think, five or so quarters. We stepped down slightly in the Q1. We think kind of that 25% to 26% range where we've been is probably where we end up. We do not see a material shift from here. Average balances have stabilized, and the underlying trends support where we are today.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital]

Okay. Just a last one on credit. When you look at the warehouse and industrial book and some of the moves into criticized and classified and then some of the changes you mentioned, what other risk is there in that portfolio from tariffs? If we see significantly reduced imports and higher vacancies in some of these distribution centers, how does that sort of inform your credit outlook from here?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Jared. We've actually had conversations around tariffs, and as you know, it changes daily. Our bankers are having the right conversations with our customers. We just had a loan committee where they do business with China, and there was a very robust conversation around, are they prepared for that? They are. I think probably one of the positives of COVID is customers are prepared for supply chain issues and different things because they've experienced it before. We are having those conversations. I do not think there's an outsized impact or concern in that area would be my closing comment.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question is from Timothy Coffey from Janney. Please go ahead.

[Timothy Coffey, Managing Director and Associate Director of Depository Research at Janney Montgomery Scott]

Great. Thank you. Good morning, everybody. Jim, do you have or can you share any color on the percentage of the construction book that is expected to be completed and enter the lease-up phase in the next 12 months?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

No, I'm not going to provide color around that other than we're proactively managing those construction loans. I don't know, David, if there's anything you want to.

[David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

They kind of go through the standard process, right? As kind of the construction loans lease up, they receive their certificate of occupancy. They move over to permanent at that time. We do not have a specific number to share as it relates to what percentage, but there is nothing unusual that we see there, and those are continuing to migrate to permanent over time.

[Timothy Coffey, Managing Director and Associate Director of Depository Research at Janney Montgomery Scott]

Okay. Jim, you mentioned at the beginning you prepared remarks about the average branch size. I guess a while back, I thought $50 million was the right size for branch deposits per branch, but that was when Fed funds was at zero. Now that it is at 4 plus, what do you think is the right number for deposits per branch?

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

I think I mentioned we're at $76 million, and our peers are higher than that. I don't have a target number, Tim, because honestly, it will depend on the trade area. I think any good retail business out there is constantly, from a hygiene perspective, looking at their branch footprint, going, where can we open, where should we consolidate, and where should we close? That will be a focus the last half of the year because I do think our average branch size could be higher. It won't match peers because we do have a rural footprint. On average, we'll be below. That is part of optimizing the performance of the bank and the return to shareholders. It is something we'll be putting discipline and rigor around.

[Timothy Coffey, Managing Director and Associate Director of Depository Research at Janney Montgomery Scott]

All right. Those are my questions. Thank you very much. And Marcy, it's been great working with you. And I hope to stay in touch.

[Marcy Mutch, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thanks, Tim.

[Operator]

There are no further questions at this time. Jim Reuter, please proceed with closing remarks.

[Jim Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Very good. Thank you. I want to, again, recognize Marcy for her great work with the bank over the years. I can tell you personally, she's been an unbelievable partner in this transition, and I just want to say thank you. I don't enter an investor room without feeling like I'm traveling with the mayor of the banking industry because she's very well-liked and respected by the investor community. Thank you, Marcy. Thank you for your questions. As always, we welcome calls from our investors and analysts. Please reach out to us if you have any follow-up questions. Thank you for tuning into the call today.

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes your conference call for today. We thank you for participating and ask that you please disconnect your lines.

Participants

Executives

• David Della Camera, Deputy Chief Financial Officer
• Marcy Mutch, CFO
• Nancy Vermeulen, Financial Communications and Analysis Manager
• Jim Reuter, CEO

Analysts

• Matthew Clark, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at Piper Sandler
• Chris McGratty, Managing Director at KBW
• Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays Capital
• Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson
• Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens
• Timur Braziler, Director of Mid Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo
• Timothy Coffey, Managing Director and Associate Director of Depository Research at Janney Montgomery Scott