First Interstate BancSystem Q4 2025 Earnings Report

First Interstate BancSystem EPS Results

• Actual EPS: $1.08
• Consensus EPS: $0.64
• Beat/Miss: Beat by +$0.44
• One Year Ago EPS: $0.50

First Interstate BancSystem Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $205.10 million
• Expected Revenue: $256.89 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$51.79 million
• YoY Revenue Growth: +19.80%

First Interstate BancSystem Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q4 2025
• Date: 1/28/2026
• Time: After Market Closes
• Conference Call Date: Thursday, January 29, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 9:30AM ET

First Interstate BancSystem (NASDAQ:FIBK) is a financial holding company headquartered in Billings, Montana. Through its principal subsidiary, First Interstate Bank, the company provides community banking services to individuals, businesses, governmental entities and nonprofit organizations.

Its products and services include personal and business deposit accounts, consumer and commercial lending, mortgage banking, treasury management, online and mobile banking, investment services, and wealth management. The bank also provides trust and fiduciary services through its wealth management operations.

Founded in 1971, First Interstate has expanded from its Montana roots through organic growth and acquisitions, including its 2022 acquisition of Great Western Bank. First Interstate Bank currently serves customers through a branch network across Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming. The company is led by President and Chief Executive Officer Kevin Riley.

First Interstate BancSystem Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: The company is refocusing its footprint from 14 states to 10 contiguous states, completing branch sales in Arizona and Kansas, planning an early-Q2-2026 sale of 11 Nebraska branches (leaving 29 Nebraska branches after transactions) and closing single branches in North Dakota and Minnesota while reinvesting in higher-density markets like Colorado and Montana.
• Positive Sentiment: Share repurchases and capital returns accelerated — the bank repurchased ~3.7 million shares (~$118 million) in 2025, increased its buyback authorization by $150 million to a $300 million program (≈$180 million capacity remaining), returned ~$138 million in Q4 via buybacks and dividends, and improved CET1 to 14.38%.
• Neutral Sentiment: Credit trends show stabilization: criticized loans fell 9.6% QoQ and non-performing assets declined 26%, and full-year net charge-offs were 24 bps (in line with expectations), although Q4 net charge-offs were elevated due to one large account that had an $11.6 million specific reserve.
• Positive Sentiment: Financial performance and margin outlook strengthened — Q4 net income was $108.8 million ($1.08 per diluted share) versus $71.4 million in Q3, FTE NIM rose to 3.38% (3.34% ex-accretion), and management continues to target sequential NIM improvement toward >3.50% by year-end 2026.
• Negative Sentiment: Loan balances declined materially (down $632.8 million in Q4) from intentional runoffs, branch sales and indirect-runoff; guidance assumes roughly flat to slightly lower loans in 2026 (plus an extra 1–2% decline from indirect runoff) and forecasts reported NII ~3% lower in Q1 due to seasonality.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. fourth quarter earnings conference call. At this time, all lines are in listen mode only. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session. If at any time during this call you require immediate assistance, please press star zero for the operator. This call is being recorded on Thursday, January 29th, 2026. I would now like to turn the conference over to Nancy Vermeulen. Please go ahead.

[Nancy Vermeulen, SVP and Finance Strategy Implementation Manager at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thanks very much. Good morning, and thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter earnings conference call. As we begin, please note that the information provided during this call will contain forward-looking statements, and actual results or outcomes might differ materially from those expressed by those statements. I'd like to direct all listeners to read the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements contained in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC and in our earnings release, as well as the risk factors identified in the annual report and in our more recent periodic reports filed with the SEC. Relevant factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements are included in the earnings release and in our SEC filings, and the company does not undertake to update any of the forward-looking statements made today.

[Nancy Vermeulen, SVP and Finance Strategy Implementation Manager at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

A copy of our earnings release, which contains non-GAAP financial measures, is available on our website at fibk.com. Information regarding our use of non-GAAP financial measures may be found in the body of the earnings release, and a reconciliation to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is included at the end of the earnings release for your reference. And again, this quarter, along with our earnings release, we've published an updated investor presentation that has additional disclosures that we believe will be helpful.

[Nancy Vermeulen, SVP and Finance Strategy Implementation Manager at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

The presentation can be accessed on our investor relations website, and if you have not downloaded a copy yet, we encourage you to do so. Please also note that as we discuss our financials today, unless otherwise noted, all of the prior period comparisons will be with the third quarter of 2025. Joining us for management this morning are Jim Reuter, our Chief Executive Officer, David Della Camera, our Chief Financial Officer, and other members of our management team. And now I'll turn the call over to Jim Reuter. Jim?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thank you, Nancy, and good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us on our call today. Over the course of 2025, we made meaningful progress to improve core profitability, refocus capital investment, and optimize our balance sheet through reorienting our footprint to geographies where we have brand density, strong market share, and high potential for growth. We announced branch divestitures in Arizona, Kansas, and Nebraska, outsourced our consumer credit card product, and discontinued originations and indirect lending. We have intentionally allowed certain larger transactional loans to run off in favor of a disciplined effort to grow full banking relationships. That includes deposits, loans, and corresponding fee-generating services. These strategic actions, among others we have taken, have generated capital for us over the past year.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

In August of 2025, we announced a share repurchase authorization and began executing under that plan, repurchasing approximately 3.7 million shares through year-end for a total of approximately $118 million. Our board has approved an incremental $150 million share repurchase authorization, bringing the total authorization to $300 million to provide further capacity to continue executing under that plan. Additionally, our balance sheet remains strong and flexible. We've reduced our other borrowed funds from $1.6 billion at the end of 2024 to zero at the end of 2025. Throughout 2025, we maintained a proactive approach to credit, and we are now beginning to see favorable results in our reported credit quality. Following stabilization in the third quarter, credit quality metrics improved in the fourth quarter.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Criticized loans decreased by $112.3 million, or 9.6% in the fourth quarter, and non-performing assets decreased by $47.3 million or 26%. Net charge-offs were elevated in the fourth quarter, driven by one larger credit, for which we had already set a specific reserve of $11.6 million. For the full year of 2025, net charge-offs were 24 basis points of average loans, which is in line with our long-term expectations. We also continued to execute on our ongoing branch network optimization, focusing our capital deployment in markets where we have existing density or high growth potential. We closed on the sale of our branches in Arizona and Kansas in the fourth quarter, exiting those states.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Subsequent to that transaction, in October, we announced the sale of 11 branches in Nebraska, which we expect to close early in the second quarter of 2026, and we will consolidate four additional branches in Nebraska in February. The company will have 29 branches remaining in Nebraska after the pending sale and closures. We will also close the single branches we have in North Dakota and Minnesota in the first quarter, which will consolidate our footprint from 14 states to 10 contiguous states. To drive profitable organic growth, we have made a series of investments, including building out a new commercial banking team in Colorado, and we have new branch openings underway in the state of Montana. We have a new, fully operational branch in Columbia Falls and another branch opening soon in Billings.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We are also relocating one of our branches in Sheridan, Wyoming, to a location that will better serve the needs of our customers in that market. The full optimization of our remaining 10 states is an ongoing effort as we perform state-by-state reviews. In the fourth quarter, we began a transformation of the banking organization. We are changing the organization from a layered, regional, and market structure to a flatter model. Our new state presidents represent high performers, a majority of which are from within the bank and select external talent, bringing proven track records of expertise, energy, and strong commitment to our institution. We believe the combination of the right internal and external talent will support our growth.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Along with other talented leaders throughout the organization, these leaders will play a critical role in our drive to allocate our resources as efficiently as possible for profitable organic expansion, focusing on areas where we have density or potential for growth. This new, more streamlined chain of responsibility is designed to speed up our local decision-making processes and align the decision framework with our organic growth and return on capital discipline. We expect this redesign to be nearly complete in the first quarter, and we view it as a significant driver of our expectation for improved organic growth. Loan balances declined during the year due to a variety of factors, including intentional non-relationship loan runoff, branch transactions, indirect lending runoff, and the outsourcing of our consumer credit card product. Additionally, as we have discussed in prior quarters, production was lower than initially estimated during the year.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

This is partially influenced by continued competition in the market, both on a spread and credit basis. With that said, we are optimistic that the recent actions we have taken, most specifically the banking organization redesign, will drive increased activity. Our net interest margin also continued to improve in the fourth quarter as we saw more sequential improvement in the spread between loans and deposits, and we continued to reinvest lower yielding cash flows from our investment portfolio. Our FTE net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting accretion, improved 4 basis points in the fourth quarter, increasing from 3.3% at the end of the prior quarter to 3.34% at year-end. That level represents a 26 basis point increase from the fourth quarter of 2024.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Our organic growth focus, elevating best-in-class talent from within while adding select external talent and serving our customers with what they typically expect from a large bank, but with a personal, community-oriented purpose, is designed to create a competitive advantage for us over the long term. With that, I will hand the call over to David to discuss our financial results in more detail. David?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thanks, Jim. I'll start with our results for the quarter. The company reported net income of $108.8 million or $1.08 per diluted share in the fourth quarter, compared to $71.4 million or $0.69 per diluted share in the third quarter. Net interest income decreased by $0.4 million compared to the prior quarter or 0.2% to $206.4 million. Net interest income decreased $7.9 million or 3.7% compared to the fourth quarter of 2024, primarily due to a reduction in earning assets and a reduction in the yield on earning assets. These effects on NII were partially offset by a decrease in interest expense on other borrowed funds.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

The closing of the Arizona and Kansas branch sale in early October drove a decline in interest earning assets in the fourth quarter of 2025. Yield on average loans decreased 1 basis point to 5.67%. Total deposit costs declined 5 basis points, and total funding costs decreased 10 basis points, all compared to the third quarter. Our fully tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.38% for the fourth quarter, compared to 3.36% during the third quarter and compared to 3.20% during the fourth quarter of 2024. Excluding purchase accounting accretion, the adjusted FTE net interest margin was 3.34%, an increase of 4 basis points from the prior quarter.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Non-interest income was $106.6 million, an increase of $62.9 million from the prior quarter, driven by a gain on sale of $62.7 million associated with our divestiture from Arizona and Kansas. Non-interest expense was $166.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2025, an increase of $8.8 million from the prior quarter. This includes $2.3 million of costs associated with branch closures in Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Severance expense totaled $4.2 million during the quarter and was related primarily to the redesign of the banking organization and branch closures. Incentive accruals in the fourth quarter increased by $5.6 million compared to the prior quarter.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Turning to credit. Net charge-offs increased by $19.8 million to $22.1 million, driven mainly by one credit, for which we had an $11.6 million specific reserve. As Jim mentioned, for the full year of 2025, net charge-offs were 24 basis points of average loans. Total provision for credit losses was $7.1 million for the fourth quarter. Criticized loans decreased $112.3 million or 9.6%. Our total funded provision decreased to 1.26% of loans held for investment from 1.30% in the third quarter. Moving to the balance sheet.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Loans decreased by $632.8 million in the fourth quarter, which included $62.8 million of continued amortization of the indirect portfolio and $72.5 million in loans moving to held for sale as a result of the Nebraska branch sale, as well as larger loan payoffs, which included some criticized loans. Total deposits decreased $516.7 million to $22.1 billion as of December 31st, 2025, driven by the sale of $641.6 million of deposits in the Arizona and Kansas transaction. Excluding sold deposits, deposits increased in the quarter.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

The ratio of loans held for investment to deposits was 68.8% at the end of the quarter, compared to 70.1% at the end of the prior quarter, and 77.5% at the end of December the prior year. We repurchased approximately 2.8 million shares in the fourth quarter, totaling approximately $90 million, and repurchases since initiation of the program in August totaled approximately $118 million. Our regulatory capital ratios continued to improve in the fourth quarter, driven by a reduction in risk-weighted assets related to the Arizona and Kansas divestiture, the decline in loans, and higher net income, due mostly to the closing of the branch sale, partially offset by our deployment of capital through share repurchases.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

In the fourth quarter, we returned approximately $138 million of capital to shareholders, consisting of $90 million from the repurchase of shares and $48 million in dividends. Tangible common equity was approximately flat in the period, and tangible book value per share increased 2.9% in the fourth quarter to $22.40 per share. We continue to view share repurchases as our immediate capital allocation priority, in addition to our ongoing focus on organic growth, which provides us the opportunity to drive EPS growth in excess of net income growth. We have increased our share repurchase authorization by $150 million to $300 million, and roughly $180 million of capacity remains under the program.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Finally, we declared a dividend of $0.47 per common share, which equates to a 5.7% annualized yield based on the average closing price of the company's common stock during the fourth quarter. Our Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio ended the fourth quarter at 14.38%, an increase of 48 basis points from the prior quarter. Our leverage ratio was 9.61% at the end of the fourth quarter, compared to 9.60% at the end of the prior quarter. Moving to our guidance. Our guidance includes the impact of the sale of 11 branches in Nebraska and the closure of six additional branches in Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota, while excluding the anticipated gain on sale related to the Nebraska branch sale.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

For reference, the North Dakota and Minnesota branches totaled roughly $30 million in combined deposits at the end of 2025. Starting with our balance sheet, we are including an assumption of low single-digit deposit growth for 2026 with normal seasonality. Turning to loans, our guidance assumes an assumption of roughly flat to slightly lower total loans for 2026, excluding the continued runoff of our indirect portfolio, which will contribute an additional 1%-2% in total loan decline. Our guidance has an underlying assumption that loans decline in the first half of the year while modestly growing in the back half. As we have outlined in our investor presentation, we anticipate an increased quantity of lower rate loan maturities over the next couple of years.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

This provides us a powerful reinvestment dynamic, and we believe it protects our net interest income, dependent on a supportive rate environment. The pace of our NII expansion will be dependent upon our ability to renew and/or add new customer relationships to the bank. We are optimistic about our ability to see success here and will continue to exercise discipline, ensuring that assets placed on our balance sheet are accretive to our return profile. We also continue to expect sequential improvement in our net interest margin, given the expectation for improving spread between loans and deposits, and due to the loan repricing dynamic and continued amortization of lower yielding investment securities.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

To discuss timing in 2026 specifically, as we look to the first quarter, due to fewer accrual days and the expectation for normal deposit seasonality in the first quarter, our guidance as displayed includes an assumption that reported NII is approximately 3% lower in the first quarter than the fourth quarter level of 2025. Moving to expenses. We anticipate approximately flat to slightly lower expenses in 2026 compared to the reported full year 2025 level. We continue to exercise discipline across our controllable expenses to support reinvestment and growth initiatives.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Our guidance assumes reinvestment into the business, such as the addition of relationship managers to our teams, the new branches we discussed previously, and increasing our advertising expenditure as compared to 2025 levels. We also anticipate normalization in medical insurance expense in 2026, and our guidance includes an assumption that total 2026 expenses are about 1% higher due to this normalization. With that, I'll hand the call back to Jim. Jim?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Thanks, David. And as we look to 2026, we are in a position of strength. Our strong balance sheet and capital position, disciplined approach to credit risk management, focused franchise, and redesigned banking organization positions us for success as we continue to execute our client-first community banking strategy. And now I would like to open up the call for questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question and answer session. Should you have a question, please press the star followed by the one on your touchtone phone. You will hear a prompt that your hand has been raised. Should you wish to decline from the polling process, please press the star followed by the two. If you are using a speakerphone, please lift the handset before pressing any keys. One moment, please, for your first question. Your first question comes from Jeff Rulis with D.A. Davidson.

[Operator]

Thanks. Good morning. Wanted to check in on the loan balances in, Jim, just kind of bigger picture. I guess if you exclude the branch sales, the indirect runoff, and I think maybe the undertow of other runoff is maybe greater than maybe perceived kind of mid last year. It sounds as if that was sort of a production issue, and I know, Jim, one of the tenets of your approach is sort of motivating, rallying that organic growth. Just to try to course-correct on maybe the other runoff, is that... We've got the guide for this year, but wanted to check in on maybe what you've seen in 2025 versus kind of as we entered it from a production standpoint.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. Good morning, Jeff. That's, that's a good question. You know, if you peel it back, a good portion of the decline in loan balances are related to payoffs of criticized loans, which, you know, we consider that to be good news. And/or, you're right, there's some larger loans in there that were financed in the secondary market, but that was the intention of those loans when they were originally booked. I, you know, I would put out or, you know, point out that even with the decline in loans, our deposits went up over $100 million net of the sale of Arizona and Kansas. So I think that shows you that the loans leaving are not significant relationships with big deposits. You know, we did see improved loan production in the month of December in some parts of the footprint.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

As I've talked to folks, we have some good pipeline activity. You know, I also mentioned in the opening comments the reorg of the banking organization, you know, which I consider a very important catalyst for growth. It's a flatter org structure. We have more people in production roles, faster decisions, and frankly, a better client experience. We also added some new team members in Colorado, where we see a real good opportunity for growth. With that said, I will tell you, Jeff, the adjustments to our credit culture in 2025 and the most recent reset of the banking org has, in the short term, impacted new loan production.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

But from my past experience, it gives me confidence because the model we put in place, which, you know, combines disciplined credit management and a flatter, empowered, accountable leadership team, has led to good organic growth. And when you combine that with our more focused franchise and brand density and growth markets, it gives me confidence in our ability to produce more in 2026.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Appreciate it. Thanks. And David, just on the margin, maybe checking back in, I think there was a somewhat of assumption of maybe approaching 3.5 or north of that by the end of 2026. Could you... It sounds like maybe Q1, we're treading water. I don't, you know, I don't want to put words in your mouth. We got the NII guide, but the pace of margin expansion still left to go, at least for this year. Any commentary there?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, sure. Good morning, Jeff. So a couple comments there. I think we still see kind of north of 350 by year-end 2026, so really no change there. The mix is a little bit different in the short run, given the change in loans, but the trajectory, we still see the same way. We still think of it as sequential margin improvement every quarter. Our first quarter commentary on NII, that's really driven by, as noted, the lower accrual days and also lower average balances quarter-over-quarter on the deposit side, so a little bit lower on the earning asset side. But on an underlying basis, we expect NIM to be higher in the first quarter than it is in the fourth quarter.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Okay, and David, the pace over the course of the year to get to that, I mean, a moderate increase in Q4, we shouldn't read into the fact that—I guess that would suggest greater expansion from the metric over the course of the year to get north of 3.5. Is that fair?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. So, you know, we're starting the year, three, you know, 3.34% ex purchase accounting in the fourth quarter. So, you know, kind of in that five-ish basis point range a quarter. You know, we'll have obviously, it'll be a little bit different each quarter, but something like that sequentially is how we're thinking about it. That's right.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Appreciate it. I'll step back. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next question comes from Matthew Clark with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

[Operator]

There you go. Hey, good morning. Thanks for the questions. Just a little more on the m argin there. What, what kind of reinvestment rates are you getting on new loans and securities these days?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah. Yeah, sure. So on the security side, we talked last quarter, five-year plus 80-90. That's come in a little bit in recent periods, so we think of that more in the five-year plus 60-70 on that side. And then on the loan side, new production, kind of in the low- to mid-6s, is kind of on a weighted average basis. It'll, of course, be composition dependent, but somewhere in that range is what we're seeing.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director at Piper Sandler]

Okay. And on the buyback, you, you bought over 75% of the $150 million that you authorized in two quarters. You've got a new one now. CET1's up to 14.4%, and I think you've mentioned in the past that you don't want to run with capital, you know, in excess of peers. So is it fair to assume that we'll see a similar cadence of buyback activity here, this year?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, I think like you mentioned, we said last quarter we want to approach that peer median over time. You know, and I think we mentioned capital will lag the balance sheet movements a little bit, so that will continue to happen. But as you noted, we've been meaningfully executing there, and we plan to continue executing. Of course, you know, pace will be dependent on market conditions and things like that, but we absolutely intend to continue to be active on that buyback.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director at Piper Sandler]

Okay. And then last one for me on criticized, down 10% this quarter. How much more improvement do you think you can make this year? Do you have any line of sight on kind of how much of a reduction we might see and the timing around that?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Matt, that's a good question. You know, credit is a living, breathing part of a bank. Our proactive approach, I think you've seen for the last two quarters, has stabilized that and, and trended it down. But for me to make absolute predictions, there's a lot of assumptions in that. But you can expect us to continue to make good progress. That's the best I can say on that.

[Matthew Clark, Managing Director at Piper Sandler]

Okay, fair enough. Thanks.

[Operator]

All right. Thank you. Your next question comes from Kelly Motta with KBW. Kelly, go ahead.

[Operator]

Hey, good morning. Thanks for the question. Maybe, maybe turning it around to the expense side of things, Q4 was impacted by several different kind of noisy year-end items and some one-timers. Can you, as we look to, you know, 1Q, with your guide kind of assuming flattish expenses year-over-year, wondering kind of what's a good jumping off point in, in 1Q? And then, as we think ahead and, and kind of consider the glide path through the year, how should we be thinking about the cadence of expenses off of that and the, the puts and takes?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, sure. So to your point, a number of moving parts. I think to specifically answer that, we think expense seasonality is actually relatively flat next year, given some of the timing on taxes in the first quarter, offsetting kind of the normal merit and other increases as we go through the year. So kind of the underlying assumption, if you were just to use the midpoint of the expense guide, would kind of be that $159-$160 range each quarter.

[Kelly Motta, Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW]

Okay. That's really helpful. Thank you for that. And then kind of with the loan outlook, like, as was mentioned by another analyst, I think the balance is lower than maybe what we had expected. In terms of your guidance for next year, obviously some of the reduction in loan balances is payoffs of criticized, which is good. Does your guidance contemplate additional, you know, room up for payoffs, or should that continue to occur, which would obviously help your credit, could there be downside to that loan number? Thank you.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Sure. So I'll make a couple of comments on that. I think broadly, the short answer is yes, we are assuming that we do see some larger payoffs within there. And again, I think our view is the first quarter, we see lower loans, and then optimistic about some modest growth as we get into the back half of the year. But our underlying assumption does include we think we'll see, you know, some more larger payoffs within that.

[Kelly Motta, Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW]

Great. Thank you. I'll step back.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next call comes from Andrew Terrell with Stephens Inc. Andrew, go ahead.

[Operator]

Hey, good morning. I wanted to follow up just on the criticized point. I think, Jim, you mentioned earlier just a lot of the payoffs we've seen over the past year have been on criticized loans. But when I look at just criticized balances overall, I mean, they're basically flat to where we started this year. They're still off relative to 2024 levels. I guess I'm curious, what's driving kind of the refill in that bucket? And I guess, do you feel like you've worked through everything at this point, and we should just see balances moderate from here?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Andrew, that's a good question. So when I was talking about criticized going down, it's, you know, specific to this quarter. You know, loans move from watch to criticize. And I just want to reiterate what criticized is. I mean, it's basically a loan we feel good about the underlying collateral, the guarantors, different things, but it's missed some of its targets. And so, you know, we're taking that proactive approach to managing credit, which I think you can see produces good outcomes. So that's what you'll continue to see from us, Andrew. But there'll be movement up and down, but if you look at the overall trajectory, it's going in the right direction. I'd also say on new loans and renewals, we have a really good process in place with a loan committee.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We're making fast, good decisions, and everybody's on the same page. So, you know, kind of back to that loan production question that was asked by Jeff at the beginning of the call, that clear direction of what we want to do has given our bankers even more confidence as they're out talking to customers about what we can and can't do. But I feel good about our credit culture today.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Yeah. Thank you. And then I wanted to ask more specifically on just—I mean, it sounds like loans down a bit in the first quarter, but, you know, you're optimistic about kind of back half. But then you also referenced just the level of competition. You mentioned credit rate-related competition, maybe some slower production from the team than kind of what you're expecting. I'm just trying to figure out kind of what's driving the back half of the year optimism around production and kind of net growth increasing?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, you know, what drives my confidence is, you know, I talked about the banking reorg and the structure we put in place, and we did a lot of things, Andrew, in 2025 to, you know, recalibrate and change our approach to the business. I feel like those things are pretty much behind us, and we can go on the offense at this point in time. We are seeing increased competition on rates and terms and things. I will tell you, we're not gonna grow for the sake of growth. We're gonna put on, you know, disciplined credits that are profitable, 'cause that's what'll ultimately enhance long-term shareholder value. You know, we're 20 years without a credit cycle, and so I just think discipline matters, and I would say that's where gray hairs and some years of experience probably are beneficial today.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Yep. Thank you. And just one last one just to confirm on the guidance. The expense guide, $630-$645 for the year, that does incorporate the any actions from sold or closed branches, net of reinvestment? I just wanna make sure that's an all-in guide.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

That's correct, Andrew. All the figures displayed in the guidance assume that the Nebraska branch transaction closes early in the second quarter.

[Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens]

Great. Thanks for taking the questions.

[Operator]

All right, your next call comes from Jared Shaw with Barclays. Please go ahead.

[Operator]

Hey, guys. Good morning. Maybe just looking at more specifically the markets that you do like versus the ones that you're exiting. When you look at, like, Colorado, do you feel that you have the overall physical footprint you need there? Or is there an expectation that, you know, you could potentially reinvest some of the savings into, you know, adding a few locations? And then you talked about hiring some teams there. What's sort of the outlook for continued hiring going forward?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Jared, that's a good question. You know, I'll speak to the overall franchise and footprint. When you look at page five of our investor presentation, I think when you look at that map, it looks very logical. They're contiguous. And you know, specifically, and you also look in the bottom of that page, you'll see we're in markets that you know have better growth prospects than the national average. So we feel good about the overall footprint. To Colorado specifically, we do have the branch network we need right now, and we've also built out a really strong team that I'm confident is the right team, and they're seeing good activity, and they're on the ground you know calling on customers, building relationships.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

We will look at some additional locations in Colorado as we will throughout the rest of our footprint. I mentioned in the opening comments, you know, a new location in Billings, and then we're actually the relocation of the branch in Sheridan is branch number one for First Interstate Bank, and we built a new facility with better visibility and to better meet our customers' needs. But Colorado continues to be an exciting opportunity for us, and I like our chances and like the team we have there.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays]

Then just sort of sticking with the Colorado, you know, as you look at growing there, is this gonna be full relationships sort of off the bat at the beginning, or are you gonna be leading with loan growth, and it's gonna take a little while for deposit growth to backfill in your mind?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

You know, as I've said from, I think, almost earnings call day one, it'll be focused on full relationships. But with that said, Jared, I know from experience that sometimes you make your first loan, you build the relationship, and you deliver. You get some deposits, and then over time, through your consistent execution, you get the full relationship. So I'm not naive to think that day one, you get everything. So it'll be a mix of, you know, leading with some loans, but with the eye towards getting deposits and full relationships.

[Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays]

Great. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next call comes from Timur Braziler with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

[Operator]

Hi, good morning. Can you give us a sense of the $3 billion of loan maturities and resets over the next two years? What portion of that $3 billion would you characterize as sort of non-relationship?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Timur, I think we think about relationships a couple of ways. I mean, you know, there's the loans that today we have the full relationship, and then there's some where we have an opportunity to develop a full relationship. So everything's going to be going to be situationally dependent. And as you look at those loans, you know, the rate coming off there is some, you know, new production, and obviously, we'd want to deploy those into higher-yielding assets. But I think, you know, holistically, we have some downside protection to net interest income. And then, of course, as we're optimistic about additional loan production, we're looking to replace that with market assets. But every loan that comes due gives us an opportunity to either expand or retain the relationship.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid-Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Okay. And for those that you're looking to retain that have come up to date, just the competitive landscape for being able to keep those on your own balance sheet, I mean, are you getting a little bit of a home field advantage, given that these are already your customers to begin with? Or do you feel as though it's kind of full fisticuffs in terms of battling to keep these clients on board?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

You know, Timur, it really depends. I, I will tell you that, we had a few more in this last quarter that their intention from day one was to go to the secondary market, and so that's gonna be hard for us to compete with. But, on a go-forward basis, like David said, our goal is to expand the relationship. And if we don't get that completely done with this loan, that doesn't preclude us from renewing it. Because like I said in the earlier comment, sometimes you have to do a couple things for a customer before they're like, "Okay, I want to bring everything over to you.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid-Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Yeah. Okay. And then just one more for me on credit. The charge-off wording still includes, you know, long-term charge-off guidance of 20 basis points-30 basis points. I'm just wondering, what does this—does this imply that there is maybe some more variability here in the near term? And just that in the context with the allowance ratio, we saw a little bit of release here, as you had a specific credit kind of charged off. How do we think about those two components?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, Timur, I think a couple of things. So, you know, from an allowance coverage perspective, relatively similar quarter-over-quarter, total funded ACL, but of course, you know, an improvement in NPL coverage, so that ticked up during the quarter. And, you know, I think as we think about that coverage going forward, I think as we said before, it's kind of situationally dependent, based on fact and circumstances of each quarter. As Jim said, you know, we're optimistic for credit improvement, but each quarter, you know, the committee and internally, we look at facts and circumstances and determine what's appropriate at that time.

[Timur Braziler, Director of Mid-Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo]

Okay. Thank you.

[Operator]

Your next call comes from Tim Coffey with Janney. Please go ahead.

[Operator]

Thanks. Morning, gentlemen. Jim, question for you on kind of a, what is a targeted long-term loan deposit ratio?

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Yeah, that's a good question. Obviously, we're lower than our peers right now. We like that flexibility, and I think that actually speaks to one of the strongest aspects of First Interstate, which is a low-cost, granular deposit base. You know, long term, I don't really like to set a target. I can tell you it's north of where we are today, because I think, you know, to the extent we can find high, you know, high-quality loans at the right price, that's our preference over investment securities. But we would like it higher than it is today. That's probably the best answer I can give you right now.

[Timothy Coffey, Analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott]

Okay. And then more near term, do you anticipate the exit loan deposit ratio in 2026 will be higher than what it is right now?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

So I think just our underlying guidance says loans down slightly and deposits up slightly, so all else equal, we view it as slightly lower in the near term. And then would just echo kind of Jim's longer-term comments on the longer term as we kind of look to grow the book.

[Timothy Coffey, Analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott]

Okay. And then a question about the fee income guide. What are some of the puts and takes in that?

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

So I think, you know, it, it implies some, some modest growth year-over-year, kind of, puts and takes modest impact from the reduced branches, just lower, you know, associated customer activity there. I think longer term, we think there's opportunities in some of the underlying areas, such as swap fees and things like that. But we're not assuming material acceleration in those type of items in 2026. You know, as we kind of grow the full relationship banking, we're, we're optimistic about areas like TM, long term, et cetera. So couple different areas that we're, we're very focused on.

[Timothy Coffey, Analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott]

Yeah. No, that's helpful, David. Those are my questions. Thank you.

[Operator]

One more question. We have a question from Jeff Rulis with D.A. Davidson. Please go ahead.

[Operator]

Yeah. Thanks for the follow-up. But just to, maybe fair or unfair, I just wanted to check into initial thoughts on maybe 2027 on three fronts. It seems like a lot of momentum would be building on the margin and the loan growth front. Just your thoughts on the trends as it rolls into 2027 on those two areas, and then if you touched on the buyback. I know we're if you got a flat balance sheet and you're growing capital if you've got any commentary as you get into 2027 on those trends would be helpful.

[David Della Camera, CFO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Sure, Jeff. I'll start on kind of the margin. You know, I think given the cash flow profile, what's rolling off the balance sheet, we continue to think margin sequentially improves in 2027. Obviously, that's a little bit ways out, and it's going to depend on the rate curve at that time. But broadly, we would continue to expect improvement, and the cash flow profile from loans is actually a little bit more favorable in 2027, and then continued favorability in the investment cash flow profile based on what we see today. From a capital front, I think I'd just reiterate, capital is always an ongoing conversation. I think we've demonstrated and we'll continue to demonstrate our, our approach there to enhance shareholder value. So we'll continue to look at that as time goes on and, you know, ensure we have the right capital stack to support the company.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

Jeff, as to loan growth, you know, David touched on this, that we show a slight decline in the first part of the year and then leveling off and picking up towards the end. So our hope would be we'd be building on that in 2027. But if you have a crystal ball as to the economy and what it's gonna look like in 2027, I'd love you to send that over to me because that would give me more confidence of what to predict. You know, you look at the job numbers, and while unemployment is somewhat stable, new jobs actually haven't been that great. Then yesterday, the Fed gave some mixed reviews, which they're good at doing these days, and understandably so. But assuming what we project in 2026 happens, we would expect to build on that into 2027, Jeff.

[Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson]

Yep. Thanks, Jim. I know that, that was more bank specific, understanding the macro swings. So thank you. Appreciate it.

[Operator]

There are no further questions at this time. I will turn the call back over to Jim Reuter.

[James Reuter, CEO at First Interstate BancSystem Inc.]

I thank you, and thank you, everybody, for your questions today. As always, we welcome calls from our investors and analysts. Please reach out if you have any follow-up questions, and thank you for tuning in to the call today, and have a great day.

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.

Participants

Executives

• Nancy Vermeulen, SVP and Finance Strategy Implementation Manager
• James Reuter, CEO
• David Della Camera, CFO

Analysts

• Jeff Rulis, Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson
• Matthew Clark, Managing Director at Piper Sandler
• Kelly Motta, Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW
• Andrew Terrell, Managing Director at Stephens
• Jared Shaw, Managing Director at Barclays
• Timur Braziler, Director of Mid-Cap Bank Equity Research at Wells Fargo
• Timothy Coffey, Analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott