NRx Pharmaceuticals Q2 2026 Earnings Report

NRx Pharmaceuticals EPS Results

• Actual EPS: -$0.44
• Consensus EPS: -$0.11
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$0.33
• One Year Ago EPS: N/A

NRx Pharmaceuticals Revenue Results

• Actual Revenue: $1.10 million
• Expected Revenue: $1.33 million
• Beat/Miss: Missed by -$229.00 thousand
• YoY Revenue Growth: N/A

NRx Pharmaceuticals Announcement Details

• Quarter: Q2 2026
• Date: 8/14/2026
• Time: Before Market Opens
• Conference Call Date: Monday, August 17, 2026
• Conference Call Time: 4:30PM ET

NRx Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:NRXP) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing treatments for central nervous system disorders, particularly conditions involving mood disorders, suicidality and post-traumatic stress disorder. The company’s programs are designed to address significant unmet medical needs in psychiatric and neurological care.

NRx Pharmaceuticals’ lead investigational product is NRX-101, an oral fixed-dose combination of D-cycloserine and lurasidone being developed for bipolar depression with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. The company has also evaluated NRX-100, an intravenous ketamine formulation, as part of its efforts to develop treatments for suicidal depression. These products remain investigational and require regulatory approval before they can be marketed for their intended uses.

The company was formed from NeuroRx, Inc. and became publicly traded following a business combination with Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp. in 2021. NRx Pharmaceuticals conducts research and clinical-development activities in the United States and has pursued regulatory and development programs intended for broader international markets. Jonathan Javitt, M.D., M.P.H., is the company’s founder and chief executive officer.

NRx Pharmaceuticals Q2 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

Key Takeaways

• Positive Sentiment: Preservative-free ketamine approval remains targeted for 2026; the FDA identified only one major deficiency involving the vial’s Luer-lock component, and NRx said the requested manufacturer attestation has been submitted. The company has ordered 5 million units of launch inventory.
• Positive Sentiment: NRx is pursuing a potentially much broader market for NRX-101 through the proposed SPARC-TMS trial, combining the drug with robotic-assisted TMS in 400 patients across HOPE clinics, Harvard McLean, and military facilities. The trial could expand the opportunity from suicidal bipolar depression to treatment-resistant depression, although military contract negotiations remain ongoing.
• Positive Sentiment: The company ended June with approximately $26.7 million in cash, up from $7.8 million at year-end after a common-stock offering that generated more than $22 million gross. Management believes its resources and potential near-term revenue can fund operations for at least a year.
• Neutral Sentiment: NRx completed its acquisition of GeNeuro’s clinical-stage assets, including GNK-301 for ALS and temelimab for potential neurological and psychiatric applications. The company is targeting a first-in-human ALS trial in July 2027 and expects to pursue largely non-dilutive government and philanthropic funding, but these programs remain early-stage and highly dependent on future financing and clinical results.
• Negative Sentiment: Despite reporting a lower six-month net loss of $18 million, operating loss increased to $11.3 million from $7.6 million as research, development, and selling expenses rose in preparation for the anticipated ketamine launch.

Presentation

[Operator]

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the NRx Pharmaceuticals second quarter 2026 results conference call. At this time, all lines are in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session. Should you require any operator assistance, you may press star zero. I would now like to turn the conference call over to Sebastian Gomez of Astr Partners. Please go ahead.

[Sebastian Gomez, Analyst at Astr Partners]

Thank you, operator, and welcome everyone. Before we proceed with the call, I would like to remind everyone that certain statements made during this call are forward-looking statements under U.S. federal securities law. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or present expectations. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ from statements made on this call is contained in our periodic reports filed with the SEC. The forward-looking statements made during this call speak only as of the day hereof, and the company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements. Information presented on this call is contained in the press release issued today and in the company's Form 10-Q, which may be accessed from the investor page of the NRx Pharmaceuticals website.

[Sebastian Gomez, Analyst at Astr Partners]

Joining me on today's call is Dr. Jonathan Javitt, our founder, Chairman, and CEO, and Michael Abrams, our Chief Financial Officer. Dr. Javitt will provide an overview of the company's progress during both the first half of the year and second quarter in particular, following which Michael Abrams will review our financial results. Following their prepared remarks, we will address investor questions. I will now turn the call over to Jonathan. Jonathan?

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Thank you, Sebastian. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us. The second quarter of 2026 was a major inflection point for our company across multiple key objectives as we advanced our mission to bring hope to valuable patients battling depression and suicidal ideation. We continue to drive forward toward those key objectives with quarterly results that include completing the first cycle of peer review of our ANDA for preservative-free KETAMINE with only a single remaining major deficiency to resolve with FDA, advancing the path to approval for NRX-100, supported by White House and United States Congress, guidance to the FDA for the use of real world evidence to establish comparable or superior efficacy. Working in concert with the U.S. Military as the prime contractor that's been identified for the SPARC-TMS trial.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

That's an FDA approved phase II/III trial of NRX-101 with robotic TMS that we expect will include 240 patients in our HOPE clinics and at Harvard McLean, together with another 160 patients at military treatment facilities, all funded through the military. We're still in the contracting process for that. Completing the acquisition of the GeNeuro assets and the resulting partnership with NIH to potentially develop the first disease modifying drug to treat ALS, and finally, continuing growth and development of the HOPE Therapeutics clinic footprint with expanded operations in Florida. Let me start with the ANDA for preservative-free ketamine. As we discussed on our August 10th conference call, the FDA identified no major deficiencies related to the drug or to its manufacturer. A single major deficiency was identified, however, related to the Luer lock component of the vial.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

That's the little prongs on the tip of the vial that connects the vial to a syringe without having to use a needle. The FDA requested that the company provide a manufacturer's attestation that the vial is manufactured in the same manner as it is for three other currently approved drugs that ship more than 12 million units a year. This attestation has been provided to the FDA, and the company aims for 2026 approval. Accordingly, 5 million units of launch stock have been ordered from the manufacturer. Turning to NRX-100, we've continued to advance that new drug application to treat depression. During the second quarter, a presidential executive order was signed by President Trump, and congressional budget language was added by the House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Agriculture of the U.S. Congress.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

That's the committee that funds the FDA, in both cases, guiding the FDA to use real world evidence for approval of ketamine and other psychedelic products to treat depression. Evidence gathered from 65,000 Americans was presented at the American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology meeting in Miami this year, demonstrating that intravenous ketamine has greater or comparable efficacy to intranasal esketamine, with more rapid onset in treating depression. With alignments on the drug vial that's used both in this product and the ANDA product, the company is now poised to finalize its NDA, also aiming for 2027 approval. Turning to NRX-101, we're delighted to announce a positive and meaningful potential expansion of the market for this drug. As you know, we began working on this drug as an oral antidepressant for the treatment of bipolar depression.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

However, data began to emerge that the D-cycloserine component of our drug not only had the potential to augment the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS, perhaps doubling or tripling that effect in randomized prospective trials. More recently, research partners at Harvard McLean Hospital have seen evidence that the lurasidone component of our drug is independently beneficial. The military's gotten involved in the implications of this research because military personnel who are required to take chronic antidepressants are not deployable. That's also true of first responders. A firefighter who takes SSRIs is off the truck. A police officer who takes SSRIs is generally forced to surrender a badge and a gun. At the extreme end, a pilot on antidepressants is grounded for five years.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Now TMS plus NRX-101 potentially opens the door to a short-term effective treatment with long-lasting effects that can put a sailor back on a ship or a firefighter back on the truck. As you know, DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as DoD's most advanced research organization, rarely does medical research. They're the people who invented the internet, who invented military simulation, who invented swarming drone technology and a host of our most critical forward-looking technology. In this case, however, managing depression and PTSD has become such a key issue for force readiness, and the readiness of first responders, the health of veterans, and the general population, that DARPA did get involved. The SPARC-TMS trial that you can read about on clinicaltrials.gov is a continuation of phase I and phase II research that was funded by DARPA at Harvard McLean that showed extremely promising results.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

So in a potentially federally funded expansion of our business plan for NRX-101, that is, D-cycloserine and lurasidone, we were selected as prime contractor by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and we're currently in that contract negotiation process to lead the SPARC-TMS trial led by Professor Josh Brown that will combine NRX-101 with robotic-driven TMS. Our partners include Harvard McLean Hospital and multiple U.S. military treatment facilities, including the flagship Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. SPARC-TMS measures the efficacy of our neuroplastic drug in combination with robotic-assisted TMS. Successful clinical results could lead to widespread adoption of this drug with robotic TMS for treatment of depression in the military, in first responder organizations, and in the general population, with initially published results that have rivaled or exceeded the results achieved with psychedelic drugs.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

The idea of affixing a robotic arm to a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil and combining that with precise neuronavigation may be surprising to many who assume that all TMS is basically alike. Our belief, however, and it's a belief that's supported by the published literature, is that traditional TMS is too technician-dependent, and the failure of some clinics may have been tied to human technicians who aim the coil based on basic anatomic guidelines. The technology that will be tested in the SPARC trial locates the depression focus in the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and then treats that area with sub-millimeter precision. The NRX-101 components of the treatment create the neuroplastic environment that, at least in small peer-reviewed studies, has doubled or tripled the effect of TMS. Until now, NRX-101 was positioned only for the treatment of suicidal bipolar depression, a 7 million patient market.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

This military-partnered and FDA-approved phase III trial potentially expands the market for NRX-101 to all patients with treatment-resistant depression with an addressable market of more than 15 million Americans. You can see more about this on our website, nrxdefense.com. Our HOPE Therapeutics network has continued to expand, and we now have five clinic locations in Florida, with the likelihood of expanding more broadly as opportunities to fold in partner clinics that share our philosophy are identified. The SPARC-TMS trial and the technologies we're embracing in that process provides HOPE Therapeutics a unique platform from which to take a stand on technology, clinical excellence, and the highest standards of compassionate care. Our focus on neuronavigation on robotic TMS and neuroplastic assisted care is not today the mainstream focus for people who get TMS.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

However, we expect to show that it produces a superior result in a shorter timeframe than traditional handheld TMS. Finally, GeNeuro, a word that is new to many of you, is the culmination of three years of work and the potential beginning of a breathtaking, paradigm-changing, but longer-term opportunity. The project began with a partnership we established and announced several years ago with the Fondation FondaMental of Paris, chaired at the time by David de Rothschild and led by our colleague and advisory board member, Professor Marion Leboyer. Their work demonstrated the role of human endogenous retroviral proteins, specifically HERV-W, in causing psychosis in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Most of you have probably never heard of human endogenous retroviruses. When I got my molecular biology degree in 1977, they taught me that 8% of the human genome was junk DNA.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Now we know that 8% of the human genome are old fossilized viruses that crept into humanity over the last 3-5 million years. For the most part, they just sit dormant. But when they start expressing proteins, they are no longer capable of becoming competent viruses. But when they start expressing proteins, some of those proteins are exquisitely neurotoxic. You can read about the work, read about the patents that GeNeuro now owns on the geneuro.us website. Over time, as we learn more about the roles of these fossilized viruses that appear in the DNA of every human today, it made sense to acquire the entire portfolio of patents, cell lines, and human-stage drugs. An acquisition that was finalized in June by the Swiss courts.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

GeNeuro now owns two clinical-stage monoclonal antibody drugs, one to treat ALS, that is called GNK-301, and another, temelimab, that so far has shown meaningful effects in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, and in Professor Leboyer's work, may well have an important role to play in the treatment of schizophrenia and other forms of psychosis. So it has been shown that perhaps as many as 50% of patients who come into French and German psychiatric hospitals with acute psychosis have the HERV-W envelope protein in their blood and in their CSF. At least in animal models, it has been shown that the psychosis induced by HERV-W envelope protein actually reduces the psychogenic effect. The work that has been done was done by the Fondation FondaMental in Paris with French government funding, and GeNeuro aims to partner with them to launch a clinical trial of temelimab to treat schizophrenia.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

GNK-301 is a very different story, whereas HERV-W is associated with the diseases I just discussed. Human endogenous retrovirus K has an envelope protein that is found in the vast majority of patients with ALS, with the sporadic form of ALS, not the people with genetically induced ALS. This drug, which is the antibody to that envelope protein, was co-invented at the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, of the National Institutes of Health by the head of ALS, Dr. Avindra Nath, under a cooperative research and development agreement between GeNeuro and the NIH. GeNeuro co-owns the patent for the treatment of HERV-K envelope protein, which may possibly turn out to be the first disease-modifying drug for ALS. GeNeuro has already been selected in the first round of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program for drug development and biomarker funding.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

The first in-human trial is targeted for July 2027, and should those initial clinical activities succeed, substantial funds have already been added to the 2027 defense appropriation to support ongoing activities. Again, you can read much more about the work on the geneuro.us website. In summary, in our second quarter, we have advanced our core business toward commercial revenue. We have substantially strengthened our balance sheet. We have brought committed institutional investors to our company. We have established a key partnership with the U.S. military that creates a far broader opportunity for NRX-101 than we previously imagined. And we have added a potentially transformative portfolio of drugs that have the potential to treat some of the worst diseases that affect humanity. With that, I will turn it over to Mike to review our financial results. Mike?

[Michael Abrams, CFO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Thank you, Jonathan. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, NRx reported a net loss of $18 million versus a net loss of $23.1 million during the comparable period in 2025. The change is primarily related to the impact of certain fair value accounting measurements and other non-recurring charges related to the conversion and restructuring of previously issued convertible notes incurred during the six months ended June 30 of 2025. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, NRx reported a net operating loss of $11.3 million versus a net operating loss of $7.6 million for the comparable period in 2025. The change was primarily driven by an increase in research and development and selling and general administrative costs related to the anticipated near-term commercial launch of preservative-free ketamine, which is pending approval of the ANDA.

[Michael Abrams, CFO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

As of June 30, 2026, the company had approximately $26.7 million in cash and cash equivalents versus $7.8 million as of December 31, 2025. This increase is primarily related to the company's completion of a public offering of common stock with gross proceeds of more than $22 million. Management believes current cash resources, the economic potential of the pending ANDA launch, anticipated growth in clinic revenue, and opportunistic utilization of the company's active at-the-market offering facility will be sufficient to support operations for at least a year. With that, I turn the call back over to Jonathan. Jonathan?

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Thank you. And thank all of you for giving us the resources to operate from a stable platform. As previously noted, the second quarter of 2026 was a major inflection point for NRx in our ongoing mission to bring hope to the most vulnerable patients battling depression and suicidal ideation. We have noted advancements across all of our major platforms. Our goal of bringing hope to life is closer than ever, and now we are ready to take questions.

[Operator]

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you have a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Should you wish to withdraw your question, you may press star two. Once again, that is star one should you wish to ask a question. Your first question is from Tom Shrader from BTIG. Your line is now open.

[Tom Shrader, Analyst at BTIG]

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. You just had a nice call. I really just have one sort of big picture question. How do you think about launching KETAFREE when you have the NDA ketamine coming on its tail? My view is that is a very different drug because of its likely potential for reimbursement, but it is really the same drug. I appreciate that it is early, but how should we think about that? Because I get it is a high-quality problem, but nonetheless, it is a complex one. Any thoughts you can share would be great.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Tom, it is a great question, and thank you for asking it. First of all, KETAFREE targets the market, and we believe it is a $750 million current market of ketamine that is used in hospitals and clinics. Some is certainly used to treat depression, but the vast majority of it is used as an anesthetic and used for pain control. We have talked about this a little bit before, but it is one of those things that bears repeating. KETAFREE, by law, has to have a comparable inert ingredient composition to the composition of the reference drug, which is KETALAR, a drug that was formulated back in the 1970s. That means that for reasons we do not understand, nobody seems to know, KETALAR was formulated as a hypotonic drug. The sodium chloride concentration is 6.4 mg per mil.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Now, if we had gone to the FDA and said, "Hey, would you please give us a letter telling us that NRX-101 and KETAFREE are two different drugs?" They would have said, "Well, we do not write letters like that." Instead, what we did is, first, we submitted the ANDA at an isotonic sodium chloride level at 7 mg per mil of salt. FDA, of course, rejected it and said, "You cannot do that. You have to use the same salt concentration as the old reference-listed drug." So we resubmitted. We reformulated, resubmitted at 6.4 mg per mil of sodium chloride, and the ANDA was accepted for review. So what has happened as a result of that is that the preservative-free ketamine, the ANDA product, is, under the law, a whole different drug than NRX-101. Assuming they both get approved, they will have different NDC numbers.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

They'll have different commercial pathways. While the label for NRX-101 with its NDC number, hopefully will include the treatment of depression, the label for KETAFREE never will. So if one of those drugs is reimbursed by insurance for treating depression, it's not substitutable with the old generic product. Does that answer your question, Tom?

[Tom Shrader, Analyst at BTIG]

Yeah, got it. No. I admit you have talked about this a little bit before, but it was worth repeating because it's a subtle thing. The answer is you got another trick up your sleeve, so thank you.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Well, hopefully it's more than a trick. Hopefully, it's sort of solidly grounded in pharmaceutical-

[Tom Shrader, Analyst at BTIG]

No, I don't mean it in a negative way. I just mean they are going to be different drugs, so you are covered. So thank you. That's very useful.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Operator?

[Operator]

Thanks. Yes, your next question is from Patrick Trucchio of H.C. Wainwright. Your line is now open.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Patrick, congratulations on being a new father.

[Analyst at H.C. Wainwright]

I will relay to Patrick. This is Luis in for Patrick because he's on baby duty.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Because he's on baby leave.

[Analyst at H.C. Wainwright]

Yes. Thank you for taking our questions. I just have a couple of questions on the SPARC-TMS and then a follow-up. The trial positions NRX-101 in broader treatment-resistant depression rather than suicidal bipolar depression. Does DARPA support a separate indication file, and does it change the timing or priority for the NRX-101 NDA now that module 3 has been submitted.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Well, I think DARPA's interested in research that can empower the military. I do not think they focus on indications and drug approvals. That is the role of the FDA. From our perspective, NDAs are incredibly expensive to submit. The PDUFA fee alone is close to $5 million. If this trial gets funded, and as you can imagine, it is the kind of massive non-dilutive funding that rarely happens, but you can read about the trial on clinicaltrials.gov. If we are looking at a chance to go for this much broader opportunity in conjunction with the military, we will probably take guidance from people like you, from our shareholders, about whether to pursue both indications at once. My point of view is that if we have the resources, I think the bipolar depression indication is a very important one.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

While it is not an orphan disease, there are hundreds of thousands of people who have severe bipolar depression. It is a breakthrough therapy indication. FDA gave us a breakthrough therapy indication for NRX-101 and suicidal bipolar, given that there is nothing else that has ever been shown to reduce suicidality or reduce akathisia while also reducing depression in those patients. So our objective is going to remain to be to pursue both. But assuming that the SPARC-TMS trial kicks off the way we hope it will, and as I said, people are welcome to look on the NRx Defense website, to look on clinicaltrials.gov. That is a massively transformative opportunity for NRX-101.

[Analyst at H.C. Wainwright]

Thank you. That makes sense. On the GeNeuro program, GNK-301, you gave some nice color on that. The first in human ALS targeted for July 27. What will be NRx's role in that program to reach that IND? Is that going to commit funding towards the GeNeuro, or is it going to come from non-dilutive sources? Thank you.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

It's a great question, and thank you for asking it. The folks who invested in our last round, the investors we talk to every day, have really given us an opportunity to fund the commercial launch of the ketamine family of products, and we take that commitment incredibly seriously. That's our key objective with the funds that have been entrusted to us. ALS has a massive stream of available funding, and recognize that in this case, we're partnered with the National Institutes of Health. This drug was co-invented with the head of ALS at the National Institutes of Health, and NIH owns the patent together with us. Technically, should the drug come to market, NIH gets a 3% royalty on anything that happens. I don't think NIH is in it for the money.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

NIH is in it for the 6,000 people every year who get ALS and who are mostly dead within three years. That's why we're all in it. There's a tremendous amount of federal commitment around ALS. Just a few days after we were awarded this portfolio, I applied for the first $3 million of funding from the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program. Sure enough, the two applications we put in were selected in the first round, and we were invited to submit a best and final bid, which we'll do by September 30th. A number of members of Congress have formed an ALS caucus and an additional $80 million has been added to the 2027 defense appropriation, to potentially fund a clinical trial of any drug that could be shown to be a disease-modifying drug for ALS.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

As I said in brief, and people are probably going to need to dig into it if they really want to understand it, because it took me years to understand it. The envelope protein, every virus is a little bit of DNA with an envelope of protein that keeps it from being immediately chewed up. The envelope protein for human endogenous retrovirus K causes ALS in laboratory animals and causes ALS in human cells. It's exquisitely neurotoxic. You can block that neurotoxicity with a monoclonal antibody against that endogenous, against that envelope protein. In the same way, once upon a time, I was involved in the first monoclonal antibody drugs that today treat macular degeneration.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

These are not drugs that cure a disease, but if you can identify a toxic protein, in the case of macular degeneration with VEGF, in the case of ALS, it appears to be HERV-K envelope protein. Those monoclonal antibodies are like a sponge for spilled milk. They take and neutralize the toxic antigen. If we're able to advance this, there's all the philanthropic money and government money in the world to take risks that Wall Street investors generally don't want to take. We're talking to many of those funding sources. But one of them is the U.S. military, because combat veterans are known to have twice the rate of ALS as people who haven't been in combat. In fact, generally, if you want care through a Veterans Affairs hospital, you have to prove that your disability is service connected.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

The law says that if you go to a Veterans Affairs hospital and can show that you are a combat vet, you are automatically admitted for ALS. That is how strong the association is. The long answer, but ultimately the short answer to your question, is we expect to develop this with non-dilutive sources.

[Analyst at H.C. Wainwright]

Thank you. That is helpful.

[Operator]

Thank you. Your next question is from Ed Woo, from Ascendiant Capital. Your line is now open.

[Ed Woo, Analyst at Ascendiant Capital]

Yeah. Congratulations on all the progress. I was wondering, is it too early to think about international opportunities for any of your initiatives, either in Canada or in Europe?

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Well, on the ketamine front, I think there are international opportunities. There are also international suppliers. On NRX-101, we have worldwide or mostly worldwide patent coverage, and there is clearly an opportunity there. The robotic TMS opportunity, if it works in the SPARC-TMS trial, the way we hope it is going to work, has massive international implications. The GeNeuro assets began internationally. Some of the patent coverage was lost while the portfolio was sitting in a Swiss bankruptcy, but there is still coverage for most of the patents, and these patents are disclosed on the geneuro.us website, so people can look at them one by one. There is still extensive patent coverage worldwide. If these drugs show promise, I think one would expect that they will become global drugs.

[Ed Woo, Analyst at Ascendiant Capital]

Thanks for answering my questions, and I wish you guys good luck. Thank you.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will now hand the call back over to Dr. Javitt for the closing remarks.

[Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO at NRx Pharmaceuticals]

Well, thank you all for joining us. As you can tell, it's been an incredibly busy quarter. In fact, I'm in Vienna right now with two members of our team. Tomorrow, the first manufacture of GNK-301 is going to be initiated at a partner called Polymun in Vienna. We're going to be excited to see you a quarter from now and hopefully have a lot to tell you. Thank you all for coming.

[Operator]

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. That concludes the conference call for today. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.

Participants

Executives

• Jonathan Javitt, Founder, Chairman, and CEO
• Michael Abrams, CFO

Analysts

• Sebastian Gomez, Analyst at Astr Partners
• Tom Shrader, Analyst at BTIG
• Analyst at H.C. Wainwright
• Ed Woo, Analyst at Ascendiant Capital