Cullen/Frost Bankers Q2 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

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Provided by Quartr
July 30, 2026

Key Takeaways

  • Positive Sentiment: Second-quarter earnings increased 9.7% year over year to $170.4 million, or $2.70 per share, while average loans grew 7.1% and deposits rose 1.9%.
  • Positive Sentiment: Cullen/Frost raised its 2026 outlook for average loan growth to 7%–8% and net interest income growth to 4.75%–5.25%; management also expects 8.5% fee-income growth and lower expense growth of 4.5%–5%.
  • Positive Sentiment: The branch expansion generated $0.16 of second-quarter EPS accretion and has now produced $3 billion in loans, $3.7 billion in deposits, and more than 100,000 new households; five additional branches are planned for the remainder of 2026.
  • Negative Sentiment: Competition is intensifying in Texas, particularly for commercial real estate loans and large deposit balances, increasing pressure on loan structures, pricing, and deposit costs.
  • Neutral Sentiment: Credit quality remained generally sound, but non-performing assets rose to $114 million, primarily due to a $54 million multifamily loan expected to be resolved through a property sale in the third or fourth quarter; full-year net charge-offs are projected at 15–20 basis points.
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Earnings Conference Call
Cullen/Frost Bankers Q2 2026
00:00 / 00:00

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Operator

Greetings. Welcome to Cullen/Frost Bankers Incorporated Second Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. Please note this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to A.B. Mendez, Senior Vice President and Director of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.

A.B. Mendez
A.B. Mendez
SVP and Director of Investor Relations at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Thanks, Sherry. This afternoon's conference call will be led by Phil Green, Chairman and CEO, and Dan Geddes, Group Executive Vice President and CFO. Before I turn the call over to Phil and Dan, I need to take a moment to address the safe harbor provisions. Some of the remarks made today will constitute forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 as amended. We intend such statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 as amended. Please see the last page of text in this morning's earnings release for additional information about the risk factors associated with these forward-looking statements. If needed, a copy of the release is available on our website or by calling the investor relations department at 210 220 5234.

A.B. Mendez
A.B. Mendez
SVP and Director of Investor Relations at Cullen/Frost Bankers

As a reminder, this call is being webcast, and a webcast replay of the call will be available on our investor relations website at investor.frostbank.com. At this time, I'll turn the call over to Phil.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Thanks, A.B. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining us. Today, we'll review second quarter 2026 results for Cullen/Frost, and our Chief Financial Officer, Dan Geddes, will provide additional commentary and guidance before we take your questions. In the second quarter of 2026, Cullen/Frost earned $170.4 million, an increase of 9.7% compared to the $155.3 million earned in the second quarter last year. Per-share earnings for the second quarter were $2.70, an increase of 13% from the $2.39 in the second quarter of last year. Our return on average assets and average common equity in the second quarter were 1.3%, 15.41% respectively. That compares with 1.22% and 15.64% in the second quarter last year. Average deposits in the second quarter were $42.6 billion, an increase from $41.8 billion in the same quarter last year.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Average loans grew to $22.6 billion in the second quarter, up from $21.1 billion in the second quarter last year. Frost Consumer Bank continues to stand out as an industry leader in both customer experience and organic growth, even as competition from new entrants to the Texas markets intensifies. Year-over-year, consumer checking account household growth accelerated from 5.3% reported last year to 5.7% this quarter, driven by our strongest quarter of customer growth since the second quarter of 2023. We believe this continues to be some of the best, if not the best, organic growth in the industry. This high customer growth is also driving strong increases in non-interest income. Year-over-year, non-interest income per consumer is up to $2.89, an 11% year-over-year increase. We've demonstrated remarkable consistency in organic growth since our expansion began in late 2018.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Our success over the last seven and a half years of organic expansion has had a profound effect. During the expansion, consumer checking accounts have grown 47%. Said another way, a third of our customers are new to Frost since the expansion began. These results are further evidence that, as I've said before, our organic growth strategy is both durable and scalable. We also see consistent above average growth in organic growth in consumer lending. Consumer loans ended the quarter with over $4.5 billion outstanding, reflecting year-over-year growth of $751 million, a 20% annual growth rate. This growth was driven primarily by mortgage lending, which has year-over-year growth of $533 million, and second lien home equity products, which grew $198 million. Looking at consumer deposits, they were down 0.7% for the first quarter, reflecting primarily seasonal trends.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Our commercial line of business is also showing impressive growth. As an example, our 90-day weighted loan pipeline increased 11% from the first quarter to the highest level in our history at $2.17 billion. It demonstrates good balance, with about half representing C&I and half representing CRE. About 62% of our pipeline represents customer deals versus prospect deals of 38%. Looking at new loan commitments booked, the second quarter was up 23% from Q1 and marked the second highest quarterly total in two years. Core commitments booked, remember that core relationships are defined as those under $10 billion, made up 58% of the dollar amount of our commitments in the second quarter. Growth from the previous quarter was good in all segments. C&I up 15%, CRE up 33%, energy up 47%, and personal up 13%. Let's look at new relationships.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

New relationships were down 1% from the first quarter, this was the fifth consecutive quarter over 1,000. The expansion continues to be a significant driver of commercial relationships and accounted for 33% of Houston's new relationships, 39% of Dallas's, and 24% of Austin's. Overall, the expansion accounted for 22% of commercial relationships for the quarter. Market disruption continues to be a tailwind for us. Year-to-date, new relationships from this source are up 65% compared to the same period last year. Our overall credit quality remains good by historical standards. Total criticized problem loans, which we define as those risk graded 10 or worse, totaled $917 million at the end of the second quarter, down from $989 million last quarter and $989 million a year ago. Decrease in the quarter was a result of several successful resolutions that had been anticipated in the prior quarters.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Non-performing assets totaled $114 million at the end of the second quarter, up from $73 million last quarter and $64 million a year ago. The quarter end non-performing asset figure represents 49 basis points of period loans and 21 basis points of total assets as compared to 33 and 14 basis points last quarter. The increase in non-performers mainly relates to one $54 million multi-family commercial real estate loan that is working through a sale of a property with an expected resolution in either the third or fourth quarter. This was partly offset by a $20 million pay down on a non-performing loan identified in the fourth quarter of 2025. Net charge-offs for the second quarter were $9.5 million, compared to $5.7 million last quarter and $11.1 million a year ago.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Annualized net charge-offs for the second quarter represented 17 basis points of average loans, compared to 11 basis points last quarter and 21 basis points a year ago. In addition to our success in commercial and consumer business lines, I'm also optimistic about our efforts around expanding our wealth management and insurance brokerage businesses. I'll end by thanking our amazing staff for these outstanding results that we're achieving and recognizing that they make it all happen. With that, I'll turn it over to Dan for some additional insights.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Thank you, Phil. Let me start off by discussing our branch expansion growth. As a reminder, this performance now includes 11 additional branches opened in trade areas outside of our announced expansions in Houston, Dallas, and Austin. During the second quarter, our branch expansion delivered $0.16, or 5.8% of EPS accretion, and $0.30 year to date, or 5.9% of EPS accretion. We continue to be pleased with the volumes we've been able to achieve. On a year-over-year basis, average loans grew 38%, representing 13.4% of total loans, up from 10.5% a year ago, and contributed 53% of the growth. While average deposits grew 20%, representing 8.7% of deposits versus 7.4% in the same period last year, and contributed 72% of the growth. The expansion branches have now grown to $3 billion in loans, $3.7 billion in deposits, and have added over 100,000 new households.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

We have opened five new locations since our last call, one in the Austin region, one in the Dallas region, one in the San Antonio region, and two in the Fort Worth region. Our current plan is to open an additional five branches over the balance of 2026. Moving to second quarter financial performance for the company. Our net interest margin percentage was 3.75% for the quarter, up 1 basis point from the 3.74% reported last quarter. Net interest margin was positively impacted by a volume shift of earning assets from lower yielding balances held at the Fed into both loans and investment securities. These were somewhat offset by both increased volumes of interest-bearing deposits and higher overall cost of deposits. Looking at our investment portfolio, the total investment portfolio averaged $20.6 billion during the second quarter, up $796 million from the previous quarter.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Investment purchases during the quarter totaled $2.2 billion, consisting of $1.95 billion of agency MBS securities, yielding 5.32%, and $259 million of municipals, yielding 5.57% on a tax-equivalent basis. Maturities during the quarter included $375 million of treasuries with an average yield of 3.35%, $211 million of municipals at an average tax-equivalent yield of 5.46%, and $427 million of agency MBS paydowns. The net unrealized loss on the available for sale portfolio at the end of the quarter was $1.15 billion, compared with the $1.04 billion reported at the end of the previous quarter. The taxable equivalent yield on the total investment portfolio during the quarter was 3.96%, up 11 basis points from the previous quarter. The taxable portfolio averaged $13.6 billion, up $840 million from the prior quarter, and had a yield of 3.51%, up 12 basis points from the 3.39% in the prior quarter.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Our tax-exempt municipal portfolio averaged $7.1 billion, flat with the prior quarter, and had a taxable equivalent yield of 4.87%, up 14 basis points from the prior quarter. At the end of the second quarter, approximately 68% of the municipal portfolio was pre-refunded or PSF insured. The duration of the investment portfolio at the end of the second quarter was 4.9 years, down from 5.2 years at the end of the first quarter. Looking at our funding sources, on a linked quarter basis, average total deposits of $42.6 billion were up $394 million from the previous quarter. The increase was approximately 80% in interest bearing and 20% in non-interest bearing deposits. Phil mentioned the consumer deposits seasonal second quarter behavior. I wanted to give some additional color on how commercial deposits performed as the second quarter ended and how overall deposits are looking thus far in July.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Average commercial deposits for the month of June increased about $770 million or 3.6% compared to the average for the month of March, with even growth in checking accounts, money market accounts, and CDs. Thus far in July, we are seeing continued trends of deposits firming with average July deposits up an annualized 3.9%. The cost of interest bearing deposits in the second quarter was 1.61%, up 6 basis points from 1.55% in the first quarter. Customer repos for the second quarter averaged $4.4 billion, up $219 million from the first quarter. The cost of customer repos for the quarter was 2.65%, down 5 basis points from the first quarter. Looking at non-interest income and expense, I'll point out a couple of seasonal items impacting the linked quarter results. Regarding non-interest income, insurance commissions and fees were down $7.9 million.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Recall that the first quarter is a [inaudible] starting in May and higher headcount related to branch expansion. Our benefits expense was down $9.5 million impacted by lower payroll taxes and 401K expense, a normal trend as the first quarter is normally higher due to payment of annual incentive payments. Regarding our guidance for full year 2026, our current outlook includes one 25 basis point hike for the Fed funds rate in the third quarter. We expect net interest income growth for the full year to fall in the range of 4.75%-5.25%. This reflects both an increase and narrowing of our prior guidance range of 3.5%-5%. For net interest margin, we expect an improvement of about 10-13 basis points compared to our full year 2025 net interest margin of 3.66%.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

This narrows the range compared to the 10-15 basis points improvement last quarter. We expect full year average loan growth to be in the range of 7%-8%. This increases the prior guidance of 6%-7%. Regarding deposits, we expect full year average growth to be in the range of 2%-3%, unchanged from prior guidance. Based on current projections, we expect non-interest income growth of 8.5%-8.5%, up from the prior guidance range of 4%-5%. Regarding non-interest expense, we expect growth to be in the range of 4.5%-5% year-over-year, down from the prior guidance of 5%-6%. Regarding net charge-offs, we expect full year 2026 to be in the range of 15-20 basis points of average loans.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Our effective tax rate expectation for full year 2026 is in the range of 15.5%-16%, lowering the upper end from 16.5% in the prior quarter. Regarding stock purchases, I want to mention that during the second quarter, we utilized $90 million of our $300 million approved share repurchase plan to buy back approximately 655,000 shares. With that, I'll now turn the call back over to Phil for questions.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Thanks, Dan. Okay, we'll open it up for questions now.

Operator

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. Our first question is from Dave Rochester with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Hey, good afternoon, guys.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Good afternoon, Dave.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

I just wanted to start on the NII guide, the improvement there. Was curious what the impact was of the addition of the rate hike, which I think you said was in the third quarter. Which month was that in?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

In September.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Okay. This is just one quarter impact, so probably not-

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yes.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

-much of an impact on the overall?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Not on the overall, but I think we typically have said it's around $2 million a month impact, and that's still the case. You get the impact of the last quarter.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Great. Just, I guess on the competitive front, we've just heard from some of the Texas banks that competition is really heating up for larger loans, and it sounds like some of that pressure is being driven by banks entering the market. It doesn't really sound like you're having a real issue with that, just given the pipelines you talked about earlier, but are you seeing any pickup in those pressures? If you just comment on the deposit side as well on that front, that'd be great.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I would say we are seeing a pickup on competition on the lending side. It's mainly around structure. When we are losing deals, the preponderance of those are structure. We're competing on price. We've said we're going to do that, particularly for good relationships, good prospects that are out there. You have to. You have to find out what the market is, and you have to gauge at a market price. We're doing that. I was looking at some numbers on the C&I side, we're not losing much to price this last quarter. I was proud of our people for finding out what the clearing price was and being able to get deals done on that basis.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

The place where I've seen more deals that we were unsuccessful on, and you're right, we are being successful, but when we've seen deals that we've lost, it's mainly been CRE, and that's been some price, but a whole lot of structure. It just seems like the market is continuing a bit of a race to the bottom on some of these structures. You got to be really careful and make sure you're doing business with the right people. Varying on what you would like to do, in some cases, because you always do that, and for the best quality people, you're going to do the best you can on structuring terms. As you said, again, we're being successful. Talking to our people, we hear clearly that there is more competition as it relates to loans, and I'll let Dan talk about deposits.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think the deposit environment seems to be where we're seeing some competition. Generally, it's for large balance opportunities where you'll see some just really competitive rates out there for either CDs or money markets. Some come with it, some, I guess, urgency. If there's not an action within a certain time period, that rate'll go away. That's really not the way we handle our customers or opportunities. We want to be transparent, and when we put out a rate, unless the market changes, we're going to live by that rate. I'd say that that's where you're seeing a lot of the competition, and you saw kind of an increase in our deposit costs. Some is just the natural shift, I would say, just with the market indicating likely higher rates. You're probably seeing some just behavior to find yield. We've seen that.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Others, it's our decision to not lose business. We're making that decision sometimes on deposit price. We're being competitive.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Okay. Maybe just a big picture question on the guidance shifts. NII got better, your outlook for fees got better, your outlook for expenses got better, I guess I'm trying to dig into what was it in the expense side? Was it just the better result this quarter that gives you a lower starting point for the second half? What was it that allows you to tweak that expense guide lower while revenue expectations are increasing?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Some of it is just the second quarter performance, and now we have a half a year versus just looking at it with a quarter. We just have more information so we can have a better sight into how we expect to perform for the full year. We also just are seeing opportunities in the marketplace to hire. If that comes to fruition, it may be on the higher end if we see more opportunities to hire bankers that are displaced. I would say in general, it's just having more line of sight and feeling like, for the first half of the year, we had expense growth, 4.5%, 4.6%, and feel like for the back half, we're going to have our seasonal fourth quarter likely increase in expenses on salaries and wages, and that's kind of typical when we award our stock awards.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Some of those, by their nature, are vested immediately, you'll likely see fourth quarter exhibit what it generally has. All in all, feel like that everybody here has done a really excellent job of managing expense growth. In a lot of areas, it's like I've mentioned in the prior calls, are just a higher base in terms of expansion growth. When you're growing 10-15 branches at 130 branches at the beginning, that's going to be a higher percentage than 13-15 branch growth at 210 branches. Some of it is just scale that we've now reached that we feel better about the rate of growth.

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Appreciate it. Maybe if I could sneak in one last one on the purchases of securities. $2.2 billion this quarter. You talked about accelerating that to offset some of the deposit cost pressures. What are you targeting for purchases in the back half? Then given any runoff that you're expecting, what kind of net growth are you expecting for securities in the back half? Thanks.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Sure. Our plan, we're going to increase this about $750 million with that pull forward that we did last quarter to protect the NIM. Just looking at our investments for the back half, we have about $1 billion more to spend in the back half of the year. The difference, those will likely be split up roughly half and half between agencies and municipals, with leaning likely a little bit more towards municipal purchases. If the market were to give us an opportunity, we reserve the right to shift that to either one way or the other. That's kind of where our purchase plan is headed. Did I answer all your components to that question?

Dave Rochester
Dave Rochester
Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald

Yeah. I think that's good. Thank you very much. Appreciate you taking all the questions.

Operator

Our next question is from Jared Shaw with Barclays. Please proceed.

Jared Shaw
Jared Shaw
Managing Director at Barclays

Hi, good afternoon.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Hello, Jared.

Jared Shaw
Jared Shaw
Managing Director at Barclays

Maybe on the deposits, as we go into a likely rising rate environment, what's the expectation around beta there with some of the mix shift that you've had over the last few quarters and looking at the expansion market impact?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Sure. Right now, we are running at 46% beta on our interest-bearing deposits, and we expect that to go down slightly, I would say, to the low 40% range throughout the rest of the year. Just anticipating competitive pressures and our changes in our money market rates for the tiers that I mentioned last quarter, kind of the 100-250 and the 250 to million on our consumer side. Given those changes and just the competitive environment, that's where we would expect the beta to kind of drift to.

Jared Shaw
Jared Shaw
Managing Director at Barclays

Okay. All right, thanks. Looking at the buyback, increasing the amount this quarter, is this sort of a good level that we should be thinking about going through the rest of the year, or is there some opportunistic element of the buyback in 2Q?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

There was some opportunistic, I think, just like we'd mentioned, our plan was to be consistent with our buyback, a portion, to hold back a portion for some opportunistic, a third element to hold back some dry powder for that, I'll call it a macro event that the market just goes down that you want to hold back. I would say that our plan would be to have a third of that element kind of be in play, and then the other two-thirds depending on what the opportunity is.

Jared Shaw
Jared Shaw
Managing Director at Barclays

Okay, thanks. Just finally for me, when we look at the NPL change, and you called out the multifamily, is there a specific reserve or charge-off that was taken in the quarter with that? Or once that's resolved later in the year, there could be something that pulls through.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Go ahead.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I was just going to say, just to talk about the non-performer kind of overall, because I figure I might get some question on it. The increase in non-performers, it's basically a net of a pay down of an existing non-performer and then the addition of it. The pay down of the existing one related to the shared national credit beverage distribution business that we talked about in January. In that case, we said we'd allocated a specific reserve against that one of $10 million. Given recent events, we'll only need three. That's going to true up this month, and that was a pay down. The new non-performer, a $55 million multifamily credit, as I mentioned. It's in the Austin region. The owners are negotiating a sale.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

It's one of the few remaining loans from the 2022 vintage that was underwritten back when rates and costs were much, much lower. For some time now, those loans have been taken out by private credit. In this case, they've got a third-party equity partner that's unwilling to participate further to do what it takes to make that happen, so that precipitates the sale. Without going into too much detail, in situations like this, one party can be hesitant to cover the expenses for the benefit of another party, which leaves the project in limbo until you get a sale that can solve those issues. I think, as I said, there's expected to be little, if any, impact on the bank. Until that sale occurs, in this situation, we believe it needs to be classified as a non-performer, and that's what we've done.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I can't recall if we have a specific reserve on it. If we do, it's very small, but it's got a guarantor on it. We expect it to be taken. Have a little reserve on it.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

We do, about a million and a half.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

A million and a half. Yeah. Very small. Remains to be seen if we will ultimately need it or not.

Jared Shaw
Jared Shaw
Managing Director at Barclays

Thank you.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

You bet.

Operator

Our next question is from Casey Haire with Autonomous Research. Please proceed.

Casey Haire
Senior Research Analyst of Mid-Cap Banks at Autonomous Research

Great. Thanks. Wanted to touch on the NII guide again. Basically, you guys are pointing to negative beta as the year progresses. A little bit of NIM expansion. I'm guessing that is fixed-rate asset repricing and a rebound in loan yields to offset the deposit headwind pressure. Maybe just a little bit more color on that and where are new money loan yields today versus that 617, and maybe spot loan yields at June 30. Thank you.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yeah. A lot of it is just fixed-rate repricing, whether that be fixed-rate loans or in our investment portfolio. Our fixed-rate loans, what we're anticipating for the back half is a little bit over $500 million. We'll probably pick up somewhere north of 120, 125 in a spread between what's rolling off and what we're able to replace it with. When you look at our investments for the rest of the year, we're anticipating getting back about $1.5 billion in the, let's say, call it 360, 365 range. We certainly have the ability to-- I think we're looking at yields in the 525, 540. Let's call it a pickup of 170-180 for reinvesting that part that's coming back. I would say, looking at really where we are on our loan yields, I think it depends on the mix.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think what I would expect is continued-- depending on where we grow in the back half of the year, we're seeing some opportunities on the CRE, and generally, those get higher yields than what our average yields are overall. We are seeing growth on the mortgage product, and those are probably a little bit on the lower side of what our average yield is, and we're making that conscious decision to grow that portfolio. We feel like that's a strategic decision. Just to go off on a little bit of a tangent on the mortgage, right now, the numbers that we got, our mortgage loans are attracting 45% new customers to the bank. As of this quarter, we've been able to convert those 45%, 35% of those, we've added a checking account or another account.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

The average balances on those accounts are around $22,500, which is stronger than what our average deposit for a consumer is. I feel like that's been a really strong product for customer acquisition. Just also keep in mind-- just one more thing on just where you're getting the NII. There is a $250 million treasury that's maturing in August that's yielding at sub 1%. We'll have a pickup in the fourth quarter with that repricing.

Casey Haire
Senior Research Analyst of Mid-Cap Banks at Autonomous Research

Yep. Got you. Okay. Just one follow-up, just big picture question on the Texas marketplace. We're hearing from not just you, from everyone that's obviously very competitive with some new entrants. Just wanted to draw upon, you guys have been at this a long time. How do you expect this to play out? Is this just the new dynamic? We'll see this last for a number of years, or based on your experience, how do you expect this to play out?

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Oh, that's a good question. We've seen it a lot, I think it will normalize after probably a couple of years. Because some of these deals that are being made that are very structured light, you're never going to know if that's a good loan or bad loan for another couple of years. If things soften up, they'll see some things they wish they hadn't done, and it'll change their perspective on what they'll do going forward. We see that a lot. We see people who are very aggressive in the market, then things turn a little bit, and they disappear. That's one of the things that is, I think, well known about our company, is that we're always in the game. I call it we're in the fairway.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

We may move to the left fairway a little bit, maybe to the right, we're in the fairway and we're easy to find, right? We're going to be in the marketplace. I think it takes a couple of years for some of these aggressive things to work their way through. People try to buy market share, right? They try to come into a market. They're aggressive. They're not crazy. It's a pretty standard playbook. I'm doing it in mortgage, right? We're being very price competitive in that because we want to be an element of the market that has to be accountable. For others, we're being accountable, so we are being very successful. Will we always see that same level of aggressive pricing? No, we're not. We're getting near a billion dollars there. Our pricing will tighten up.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I'm doing it, that's sort of my perspective on it. It's been a couple of years that I've been in that market. That's kind of what I would expect to see.

Casey Haire
Senior Research Analyst of Mid-Cap Banks at Autonomous Research

Great. Thank you.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

You bet.

Operator

Our next question is from Catherine Mealor with KBW. Please proceed.

Catherine Mealor
Catherine Mealor
Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW

Thanks. I had a follow-up question just on the loan yield discussion. Did the change in SOFR throughout the quarter have any impact on loan yields this quarter that may help boost the loan yield as we go into the third quarter? We saw that at a few other competitors that have big floating rate books and was curious if that impacted you at all as well.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

There's about a 1 basis point impact of that SOFR index being, I think, around 3 basis points higher last quarter than this quarter. The impact to our loan yield was about a basis point. I think when we looked at the loan yields, a lot of it was just, it's not one thing, it's several. Some of it is just mix, is what ended up increasing. We did decide to refinance some commercial real estate and put them on longer terms. Part of that, we did lower the yield because at that point, the construction risk and the lease-up risk had been removed. The choices were, do we want to keep those loans on the books or do we want them to be refinanced into the permanent market? This commercial mortgage program has grown, and it's around $700 million.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

It's to our kind of choice developers that we have had a long relationship with and on properties that we feel like are, I'll call them legacy properties, that they're very lowly leveraged and have high debt coverage ratios that we feel really good about putting some longer terms than what we typically would do in terms of being just a construction lender and then letting a permanent lender kind of take us out.

Catherine Mealor
Catherine Mealor
Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW

Okay. Very helpful. Just a big picture question on the outlook. You've increased the revenue guide for both seasonal NII and then taken down expenses. It feels like we're coming into this positive operating moment that we've been waiting for as we move to the back end of your branch expansion plan. Curious, as you look into 2027, without giving specific guidance for 2027, is that a trend that you would expect to continue?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think we're around 140 basis points of positive operating leverage for this quarter, and I think even for year to date. That's a significant moment, and we recognize that. We see that 2027, again, without giving guidance, I would say that with the tailwinds that we have with loan growth and with these just overall, I would say growth in funding sources and deposit growth, with just again what I mentioned on our ability now to have just a higher base of expense to grow out that I feel good about 2027 being a year that we can maintain positive operating leverage.

Catherine Mealor
Catherine Mealor
Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question is from Peter Winter with D.A. Davidson. Please proceed.

Peter Winter
Peter Winter
Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson

Thanks. Good afternoon.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Hi Peter.

Peter Winter
Peter Winter
Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson

I wanted to ask about the margin. It's essentially at its highest level in 15 years. Obviously with the updated guidance, you're still expecting some margin expansion in the second half of the year. Is there room to move it higher next year, or do you think we're getting closer to a plateau on the margin?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I would anticipate kind of third quarter being relatively flattish. Then I mentioned that treasury that matures $250 million at less than 1% yield. That helps in the fourth quarter, we should see an improvement in our NIM in the fourth quarter. I still think there's, depending on the rate environment, obviously, but if we see a positive sloping yield curve and kind of rates where either we have one hike, but if barring just interest rates going down pretty severely quickly, that there is room to grow into 2027 the net interest margin with a lot of just the repricing of fixed rate maturities.

Peter Winter
Peter Winter
Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson

Got it. Just with the fee income guidance, the update, it implies a nice increase in the second half of the year and much stronger for the full year. Just can you talk about what is driving the better fee income growth versus January? Is it just you're having more success cross-selling the newer clients? It's a nice increase, I'm just wondering what changed versus the beginning of the year.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

For our wealth management area, probably the growth in our managed assets with the market that we had anticipated less of a bull market. That's a big driver. We are gaining customers, albeit at, I think a 2% or 3% rate in terms of managed accounts year to date. That's a positive. With all the changes that we've made in our wealth management and leadership. That's a positive trend early on. We're optimistic that those changes in leadership and will yield in maybe not-- it may take a while, but you're looking in the back half of 2027 and 2028. That's an area that I would expect to continue to grow. There may be some growing pains as some advisors may or may not be on board with the new leadership. That may happen, but that gives opportunities for us to bring on new talent.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I would say that's the wealth management area. I think the biggest key, Phil mentioned it in his notes is just our customer growth, both on the consumer and commercial side. That's a big driver of the interchange income, the fee income. Our ability to attract new customers is a big component of our fee growth and I think is really the underpinning of that growth. Our interchange has been really strong, we expect it to finish the year strong. We're seeing good adoption in our Visa card. We're seeing good usage in our Visa card compared to our peers. We feel strong about our interchange and our fee income. Growing new customers is really at the root of it all.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Peter, I'll give you an example, I'm going to talk about an area that's kind of funny to talk about. I want to talk about overdraft fees. Dan, what was our growth in overdraft fees quarter?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Our overdraft service charges year-over-year were up 17%. My guess is overdraft was in that double digits.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

It's like strong double-digit growth, right? Seems like we do everything we can to not charge somebody an overdraft. We got overdraft grace we put in place where you can overdraft us $100 and we don't charge you anything. We're like having a good buddy that'll spot you $100. I don't have any buddies that can spot me $100. Our forgiveness levels on overdraft used to be double what the industry is. I'll bet they're not far off from that. For us to grow an area where we've been more and more diligent and not being a burden to our customers, but still offering them a product that they like. People use it because it's convenient. Okay. There's something that otherwise we would have been moving down and it's growing in, let's say 15%, because I don't have the exact number.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

14.4%.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

14.4%. Okay. It's grown 14.4%. The reason that grows at that level is because we're growing customers. When you're growing consumer customers at 5.7% year-over-year, they're going to use your products. That's what's happening. Check card Dan mentioned. Yes, there's an element of usage that we've seen. For some reason, the usage of our check cards is increasing. It could be related to demographics. We've got some interesting information on demographics. I'm not sure if I can keep my train of thought here, all those things are really core elements of what happens when you grow your business organically, and I think you're seeing that. Since I'm talking about organic growth and I'm talking about how people use your products, I've talked about check card use. This is something I think is really interesting that we were just looking at recently.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

We're growing our distribution footprint, and we're doing it in a, some people might believe, an old school way. We're actually engaging with the communities by putting physical locations there in Frost Bankers, okay? Some people think that's old school. Here's some demographic information for you. If you look at our current distribution of consumer customers, we have 42% of our consumer customers who are Millennials or Gen Y or Gen Z, 42%. If you look at our growth in customers over the last 12 months, 82% of our new consumer customers are 45 years old or less. That means 82% are Millennials, Gen Y or Gen Z.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Not only is our growth rate and industry leading, but the fact that we're able to engage that demographic, which is really the lifeblood of how a company grows and how these account relationships evolve over time, I think is a tremendous opportunity for us. Interestingly, Peter, when you look at, "why customers choose us". Remember, in consumers, 82% of our growth is from 45 years or less, and the highest percentage of that growth is in the Gen Z, which is less than 29 years old. What's the number one reason? We asked them, and we have the results. I've got them sitting in front of me. The number one reason for people coming to choose Frost, number one, is convenient locations. That's true both of people who open the deposit in the branch and customers that open their account online.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Current locations, I mean, convenient locations. Reputation is number two. Recommendation of a family member is number three. I can go all the way down the line. We have all the. By the way, competitive interest rates is about third lowest of some of this. We operate a very simple business, honestly. We are banking people in communities. We're going to where they live and where the businesses are, and we're expanding relationships. What do you know? Your growth and consumer fee income is growing. You say the same thing on the commercial. We talk about that. Look at the growth that's happening in commercial service charges, in commercial-

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Commercial service charges are up 22% year-over-year. Billable services are up almost 10% year-over-year.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yeah. None of this is magic. It's just hard work. Our people are great at growing our business and engaging communities through organic expansion. That's what we've named this thing, for the last several years, we're going to keep doing it. I'll expect to continue to see these kinds of results. Sorry to go on and on, but that's what we're seeing.

Peter Winter
Peter Winter
Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson

No, the growth is impressive. I appreciate all the detail. Thank you.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yes, David.

Operator

Our next question is from David Chiaverini with Jefferies. Please proceed.

David Chiaverini
David Chiaverini
Equity Research Analyst of US Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Banks at Jefferies

Hi, thanks for taking the questions. Wanted to ask about loan growth. You took the guide up, 7%-8% from 6%-7%. You mentioned about the pipelines being up 11% over the past 90 days. You also mentioned about how aggressive the market is. Can you talk about the drivers behind what you're seeing to generate this growth?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

On the loan side, I think, the one thing to consider when you mention loan growth in our guide up is that we did have a record amount of bookings last quarter, and a little over $600 million are revolving lines that have less than 10% advanced against it. That's a very low advance rate. We feel like that that's a tailwind for the back half of the year as those loans that are recently booked, but not yet funded, get to some normalized funding ratio. If we would've had the same funding ratio as we had last quarter, our average balances would've been up around $300 million. Some of that is in the energy area where you'd expect that their cash flow is improving and they're not having to advance on their lines.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

The vast majority of it is on just C&I lines of credit that just aren't being used right now. There's a big tailwind there. You mentioned competition. We're still winning. We mentioned it last quarter that we had won a little over 80% of the opportunities with banks that had either been acquired or were the acquirer. That rate is still, I think it's 78% cumulatively since really the start of this M&A. We've won nearly twice as many loan opportunities over the same time period from those banks. We feel like when we have an opportunity, that we're able to close it with competitive rates and structures.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

To be honest, a lot of times, they're looking for consistency and they're looking for the banker that's been called on them for two years, and their banker may have left or doesn't know exactly what the credit culture will be of the new bank. We're taking advantage of those opportunities. There is competition, as Phil mentioned, in structure. Typically, recourse if it's commercial real estate with some C&I. We saw one opportunity where there was just not a lot of covenants or restrictions around what they could advance, and we just weren't comfortable with it. We've kind of said we'll be really competitive on pricing, but structure, we're not going to sacrifice our credit for the sake of growth. It's going to be good growth.

David Chiaverini
David Chiaverini
Equity Research Analyst of US Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Banks at Jefferies

Great. Just a quick one on deposits. You mentioned about how July, decent growth here at 4% thus far. Is low to mid-single digits the right way to think about deposit growth for Cullen/Frost here? Loan to deposit ratio is very low, so you can afford to grow loans faster, but just wanted to see if that low to mid-single digit is the right neighborhood.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Low to single digit deposit growth? Is that what you said?

David Chiaverini
David Chiaverini
Equity Research Analyst of US Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Banks at Jefferies

Yeah. Low to mid-single digit.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Okay. Yeah, I think that for the near term with rates where they are, there's going to be competitive pressure. I think that we have 2%-3% for this year. I would mention that the fourth quarter of last year, we did have a customer in the data center industry, and they had a capital raise where we saw that their deposits went up around $700 million, and then they were gone by the end of the quarter. There's going to be a little bit of noise in the fourth quarter. There's also an estate that settled in the fourth quarter of last year, around $200 million. Give or take almost $1 billion for the fourth quarter of the end of last year that will not be here in the fourth quarter of 2026.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Keep that in mind as you hear kind of our growth for the full year. We feel like with the strategies that we've implemented, that range that you mentioned is reasonable for 2027 and beyond, not knowing what the interest rate environment is, obviously being a big driver of deposit growth.

David Chiaverini
David Chiaverini
Equity Research Analyst of US Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Banks at Jefferies

Very helpful. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question is from Janet Lee with TD Cowen. Please proceed.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

Good afternoon. Following up on your deposit beta question, you've talked about the competitive pressure. Why do you expect the beta to come down a little bit? Maybe could you talk about the spot deposit cost exiting June?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yeah. I'll get you to answer your second question first and then get into kind of our expectation of where our betas will be. For the month of June, our total deposit cost was 1.11%. Again, a little bit higher than the average. Interest-bearing, you're looking at 1.66%. Again, I think we're anticipating as we kind of get into the back half of the year that we'll have to likely just be a little more competitive on some deposit opportunities and likely take advantage of opportunities to move business where you're going to have to look at the full relationship, both loans and deposits. We could see just more of an opportunity driven by us offering an incentive for them to move from BankX to Frost.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

Okay. Got it. You're still expecting that a rate hike is beneficial to you on both-

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yes.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

-NIM and NII?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yes.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

Right. Okay. It looks like you're obviously still having very good growth in resi. I believe you mentioned about $850 million resi target by the end of 2026. Is there any change to that? Does the fact that the 10-year is up relatively high versus before, is that a concern at all?

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

The 10-year being a concern? Are you talking about--

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

The revenue growth.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think I see what you're saying. I think the fact that rates are, for example, the 10-year, will tend to lower some of the refinance volume that we've seen. One of the reasons that we're so much ahead of what was a public goal of being $850 million at the end of the year, we're halfway through, we're already a little bit over that. As we sit here, I don't know, maybe close to $1 billion now is we saw really strong refinance activity. That wasn't our mortgages that were getting refinanced because we're new in the business. I think you'll see refinancing activity slow. I'm going to guess the rate of growth for our mortgage originations is going to slow some. Really, home purchases and getting people in homes is the focus of what we do.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

That's been over half of what our business is. Even if refinancings went to zero, I would still expect to see decent growth in our mortgage portfolio because of the home purchase component.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Janet, just some kind of additional data points. For the first quarter, 46% of our mortgages were refis. That percentage went down to 36% in the second quarter. Our average credit score in our mortgage is 769. It's a good quality. In the second quarter, the average loan was around $640,000.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

Okay, thanks for all the color. If I can just ask one more, maybe for you, Phil. Do you entertain the idea, or do you have any appetite to grow outside of Texas through de novo expansion? I know you're focused on organic, but I just wanted to see whether that's something that you would consider.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yeah, it is something that I would consider. Just taking the long-term view of our business, ultimately, we'll do that, but it's not something that we're focused on right now. The reason is that we have so much opportunity in Texas, and the state is just an amazing economy. We'll do that for the next, I'll say, foreseeable future. At some point in time, there's no reason why what we do, which is providing this amazing service proposition and consistency and all the things that we do that people like, I don't think there's any reason why you couldn't go someplace else and do it. One day we will. At least that's my opinion. One day we will. Don't look for us to do that in any foreseeable time, but at some point, we will.

Janet Lee
Janet Lee
Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen

Thank you.

Operator

Our final question is from Jon Arfstrom with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed.

Jon Arfstrom
Jon Arfstrom
Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets

Thanks. Good afternoon, guys.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Hey, Jon.

Jon Arfstrom
Jon Arfstrom
Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets

I think almost everything's been covered, but just two things. Phil, you mentioned the insurance business focus for growth, and I think maybe that's the one thing, Dan, you didn't comment on. Can you talk about what you're doing there?

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think the thing which gives us the most optimism about the insurance business is we are very focused on, in our organization, what we call teaming, but basically it's making sure that we're providing that product to other lines of business, and most specifically, our commercial line of business. We haven't had sufficient penetration. When I mean sufficient, we're not at what I would call an average penetration rate for commercial insurance, which is where we mainly operate. Personal lines is a small piece of it, and what's left is benefits and then property and casualty. I think as we increase that penetration, our leadership in that area is focused on it. We've got new leadership there in the last couple years. In fact, it's being at the highest level run by our Chief Banking Officer, commercial-oriented officer.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

He's got great visibility into how our sales culture works in the commercial line of business and how to translate that into the insurance business and make sure that we're getting an opportunity with this amazing commercial customer base to just get a chance to do the business. I think as we've increased the way those parties work together, and in some cases, we've encouraged licensing with some of our bankers so that they have the ability to share in a commission, if you will, that we earn being an insurance broker. That's on the margin, a positive thing.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I think more importantly, it's an example of the new kinds of things we're willing to try in order to improve this cross-pollination and expand the relationships so that we're moving beyond even the deposit and lending and cash management function to where we're doing something and providing a product that everybody needs. Everybody has insurance. That's why I'm optimistic about it. It's mainly common sense. It's like, man, we should be better at this. There's been that general recognition. They're working on how we can do that. I have this saying, you got to be careful what you ask a Frost Banker to do because they're going to do it. I have every confidence we're going to be much more successful in the insurance business.

Jon Arfstrom
Jon Arfstrom
Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets

Yep. Okay. That's good. Helpful. Back on credit, it's obviously not a huge deal, but any signs of changing credit conditions? Dan, just curious on your thoughts on where the reserve could go over time. Should we just assume it stays steady over time, or is there something I'm missing there?

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I'd say with regard to the general credit question, we feel good about it. Let's say, for example, the non-performer we had in this quarter, as I look at it, there are probably three more credits of that vintage that were underwritten in 2022, maybe early 2023, before the Fed raised rates 500 basis points and we saw costs go up so much. Frankly, a couple of them are in Austin. I'm not concerned about them. They may be like these other credits that we have had pay down through private credit and that type of thing. They could go to a risk rate 10 as they go through that process. They have very good financial sponsorship, people that are willing to stay and do the things that they need to do to get to that either sale or private credit alternative.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I don't see, even though we have some of those, that it could arguably look a little similar to what we have. Remember, we had a third-party equity partner that just decided they didn't want to play anymore, and that's fine. It happens sometimes. We don't have that in those other situations. I'm not expecting a similar event like we had this quarter. As I look at the rest of the portfolio, it's very strong. Energy is very strong. I had a customer tell me very recently that, "Phil, we had our highest level of cash flow in our history in the previous month." These people have a lot of cash flow, so that's really saying something.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

I'm looking at Dan too because he used to do this for years, I'd say single-family builders have some pressure on them because even though the high end of the market's still pretty good, the middle tier and the starter is really difficult when you've got mortgage rates at 6.25%. They're under some pressure, particularly the independents. They're going to have to figure that out. Their balance sheets are really very strong, they're just going to have to get through that. It's a cycle. You may see some weakness here or there. I'm not expecting it, but seeing some risk rate increases there. Other than that, can you think of anything else, Dan?

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Yeah. I think for the builders, you mentioned just they were making such great margins for kind of the post-pandemic. They've had to give some of that back by buying down the mortgage rates to get the buyer into the house. I think you're seeing just kind of a normalization there. Our office portfolio, it had an upgrade and a payoff from last quarter. The rest of the portfolio, we were looking at it has the highest debt coverage test of all the real estate sectors. That's really firmed up. You've already discussed the multifamily retail continues to be strong. Just to kind of look at our reserve, I would say steady. You might see a basis point or two increase or variance in the back half of the year.

Dan Geddes
Dan Geddes
Group EVP and CFO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Some of it was just moving the allowance from the funded side to the unfunded. If you took the funded and unfunded over total loans, we're at 1.45%. The first quarter is 1.49%. Improvement, and I would say it's stable.

Jon Arfstrom
Jon Arfstrom
Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets

Yep. Okay. That helps. Phil, for the record, I would spot you $100 for an overdraft. No problem. No problem.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

All right, deal. My money's in the cupboard.

Jon Arfstrom
Jon Arfstrom
Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets

All right.

Operator

This will conclude our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Phil for closing remarks.

Phil Green
Phil Green
Chairman and CEO at Cullen/Frost Bankers

Okay. Thanks, everybody, for your interest, and we'll be adjourned. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. This will conclude today's conference. You may disconnect at this time, and thank you for your participation.

Executives
    • A.B. Mendez
      A.B. Mendez
      SVP and Director of Investor Relations
    • Phil Green
      Phil Green
      Chairman and CEO
    • Dan Geddes
      Dan Geddes
      Group EVP and CFO
Analysts
    • Dave Rochester
      Managing Director and Senior Banks Analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald
    • Jared Shaw
      Managing Director at Barclays
    • Casey Haire
      Senior Research Analyst of Mid-Cap Banks at Autonomous Research
    • Catherine Mealor
      Managing Director of Equity Research at KBW
    • Peter Winter
      Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst at D.A. Davidson
    • David Chiaverini
      Equity Research Analyst of US Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Banks at Jefferies
    • Janet Lee
      Director of US Mid-Cap Banks Equity Research at TD Cowen
    • Jon Arfstrom
      Managing Director of Mid Cap Bank and Consumer Finance Equity Research at RBC Capital Markets
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