Free Trial
Tada emoji MarketBeat All Access — Now Just $5.00 for 5 Weeks

General Motors (GM) Financials

General Motors logo
$58.30 +1.79 (+3.17%)
Closing price 08/22/2025 03:59 PM Eastern
Extended Trading
$58.34 +0.03 (+0.05%)
As of 08/22/2025 07:58 PM Eastern
Extended trading is trading that happens on electronic markets outside of regular trading hours. This is a fair market value extended hours price provided by Polygon.io. Learn more.
Compare
Annual Income Statements for General Motors

Annual Income Statements for General Motors

This table shows General Motors' income and expenses over time, based on annual financial data. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Period end date 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 12/31/2024
Net Income / (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders		 3,949 9,687 9,427 -3,864 8,014 6,732 6,427 10,019 9,934 10,127 6,008
Consolidated Net Income / (Loss)		 4,018 9,615 9,268 -3,882 8,005 6,667 6,321 9,945 9,708 9,840 5,963
Net Income / (Loss) Continuing Operations		 4,018 9,590 9,269 330 8,075 6,667 6,321 9,945 9,709 9,840 5,963
Total Pre-Tax Income 		4,246 8,371 12,008 11,863 8,549 7,436 8,095 12,716 11,597 10,403 8,519
Total Operating Income		 1,530 5,538 8,686 8,661 4,445 5,481 6,634 9,324 10,314 9,298 12,784
Total Gross Profit		 13,808 17,426 27,400 29,359 26,393 26,586 24,946 26,460 29,843 30,512 36,377
Total Revenue		 155,929 135,725 149,184 145,588 147,049 137,237 122,485 127,004 156,735 171,842 187,442
Operating Revenue		 155,929 135,725 149,184 145,588 147,049 137,237 122,485 127,004 156,735 171,842 187,442
Total Cost of Revenue		 142,121 118,299 121,784 116,229 120,656 110,651 97,539 100,544 126,892 141,330 151,065
Operating Cost of Revenue		 142,121 118,299 121,784 116,229 120,656 110,651 97,539 100,544 126,892 141,330 151,065
Total Operating Expenses		 12,278 11,888 18,714 20,698 21,948 21,105 18,312 17,136 19,529 21,214 23,593
Selling, General & Admin Expense		 12,158 11,888 10,345 20,698 21,948 21,105 18,312 17,136 19,529 21,214 23,593
Total Other Income / (Expense), net		 2,716 2,833 3,322 3,202 4,104 1,955 1,461 3,392 1,282 1,106 -4,264
Interest Expense		 201 -26 - 575 655 782 1,098 950 987 911 846
Interest & Investment Income		 2,094 2,193 1,719 2,132 2,163 - 674 1,301 837 480 -4,675
Other Income / (Expense), net		 823 614 1,603 1,645 2,596 2,737 1,885 3,041 1,432 1,537 1,257
Income Tax Expense		 228 -1,219 2,739 11,533 474 769 1,774 2,771 1,888 563 2,556
Net Income / (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest		 69 -72 -159 -18 -9.00 -65 -106 -74 -226 -287 -45
Basic Earnings per Share		 $1.75 $6.11 $6.12 ($2.65) $5.61 $4.62 $4.36 $6.78 $6.17 $7.35 $6.45
Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding		 1.61B 1.59B 1.54B 1.47B 1.41B 1.42B 1.43B 1.45B 1.45B 1.36B 1.12B
Diluted Earnings per Share		 $1.65 $5.91 $6.00 ($2.60) $5.53 $4.57 $4.33 $6.70 $6.13 $7.32 $6.37
Weighted Average Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.69B 1.64B 1.57B 1.49B 1.43B 1.44B 1.44B 1.47B 1.45B 1.37B 1.13B
Weighted Average Basic & Diluted Shares Outstanding		 2.26B 1.59B 1.54B 1.46B 1.43B 1.43B 1.44B 1.45B 1.39B 1.15B 995.00M
Cash Dividends to Common per Share		 $1.20 $1.38 $1.52 $1.52 $1.52 $1.52 $0.38 - $0.18 $0.36 $0.48

Quarterly Income Statements for General Motors

This table shows General Motors' income and expenses over time, based on quarterly financial data. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric Q4 2022 Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Q1 2025 Q2 2025
Period end date 12/31/2022 3/31/2023 6/30/2023 9/30/2023 12/31/2023 3/31/2024 6/30/2024 9/30/2024 12/31/2024 3/31/2025 6/30/2025
Net Income / (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders		 1,998 2,395 2,566 3,064 2,102 2,980 2,933 3,056 -2,961 2,784 1,895
Consolidated Net Income / (Loss)		 2,007 2,346 2,507 2,994 1,993 2,953 2,877 3,008 -2,875 2,853 1,894
Net Income / (Loss) Continuing Operations		 2,008 2,347 2,507 2,994 1,992 2,953 2,876 3,008 -2,874 2,853 1,894
Total Pre-Tax Income 		2,589 2,775 3,029 3,464 1,135 3,715 3,643 3,717 -2,556 3,572 2,375
Total Operating Income		 2,610 2,578 2,789 3,013 918 3,738 3,873 3,651 1,522 3,352 2,127
Total Gross Profit		 8,531 7,738 8,115 8,289 6,370 9,018 9,354 9,749 8,257 8,829 7,833
Total Revenue		 43,109 39,985 44,747 44,131 42,979 43,014 47,969 48,756 47,704 44,020 47,122
Operating Revenue		 43,109 39,985 44,747 44,131 42,979 43,014 47,968 48,756 47,704 44,020 47,122
Total Cost of Revenue		 34,578 32,247 36,632 35,842 36,609 33,996 38,615 39,007 39,447 35,191 39,289
Operating Cost of Revenue		 34,578 32,247 36,632 35,842 36,609 33,996 38,615 39,007 39,447 35,191 39,289
Total Operating Expenses		 5,920 5,159 5,326 5,277 5,452 5,281 5,481 6,098 6,733 5,476 5,706
Selling, General & Admin Expense		 5,920 5,159 5,326 5,277 5,452 5,281 5,481 6,098 6,733 5,476 5,706
Total Other Income / (Expense), net		 -23 175 240 453 238 -22 -230 66 -4,078 220 248
Interest Expense		 268 234 226 - - 219 206 206 215 152 198
Interest & Investment Income		 223 - 108 - - -105 -84 -122 -4,364 62 80
Other Income / (Expense), net		 22 409 358 453 317 302 60 394 501 310 366
Income Tax Expense		 581 428 522 470 -857 762 767 709 318 719 481
Net Income / (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest		 8.00 -49 -59 -70 -109 -27 -57 -48 87 69 -1.00
Basic Earnings per Share		 $1.41 $1.70 $1.83 $2.21 $1.61 $2.57 $2.57 $2.71 ($1.40) $3.40 $1.94
Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding		 1.45B 1.40B 1.39B 1.37B 1.36B 1.16B 1.14B 1.12B 1.12B 988M 963M
Diluted Earnings per Share		 $1.39 $1.69 $1.83 $2.20 $1.60 $2.56 $2.55 $2.68 ($1.42) $3.35 $1.91
Weighted Average Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.45B 1.40B 1.39B 1.38B 1.37B 1.16B 1.15B 1.13B 1.13B 1.00B 976M
Weighted Average Basic & Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.39B 1.39B 1.38B 1.37B 1.15B 1.14B 1.12B 1.10B 995.00M 961.43M 952.08M
Cash Dividends to Common per Share		 - $0.09 $0.09 $0.09 - $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 - $0.12 $0.15

Annual Cash Flow Statements for General Motors

This table details how cash moves in and out of General Motors' business through operations, investing, and financing, using annual figures. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Period end date 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 12/31/2024
Net Change in Cash & Equivalents		 -853 -3,857 -2,172 2,688 5,648 -553 174 425 -1,594 -31 1,047
Net Cash From Operating Activities		 10,061 11,769 16,607 17,328 15,256 15,021 16,670 15,188 16,043 20,930 20,129
Net Cash From Continuing Operating Activities		 10,061 12,610 16,993 17,338 15,256 15,021 16,670 15,188 16,042 20,930 20,126
Net Income / (Loss) Continuing Operations		 4,018 9,590 9,269 330 8,075 6,667 6,321 9,945 9,708 9,840 5,963
Consolidated Net Income / (Loss)		 4,018 9,590 9,269 330 8,075 6,667 6,321 9,945 9,708 9,840 5,963
Depreciation Expense		 7,238 7,487 9,819 12,261 13,669 14,118 12,815 12,051 11,290 11,888 12,389
Non-Cash Adjustments To Reconcile Net Income		 -942 -843 -4,009 -2,650 -3,322 -969 -889 -2,977 -1,614 -416 2,368
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities, net		 -253 -3,624 1,914 7,397 -3,166 -4,795 -1,577 -3,831 -3,342 -382 -594
Net Cash From Investing Activities		 -15,359 -27,710 -35,643 -27,572 -20,763 -10,899 -21,826 -16,355 -17,882 -14,663 -20,517
Net Cash From Continuing Investing Activities		 -15,359 -26,208 -34,147 -24,072 -20,929 -10,899 -21,826 -16,355 -17,882 -14,663 -20,517
Purchase of Property, Plant & Equipment		 -11,867 -21,909 -27,879 -27,633 -25,497 -23,996 -20,533 -22,111 -21,187 -24,610 -26,109
Purchase of Investments		 -23,898 -23,251 -29,822 -24,828 -28,491 -28,613 -46,294 -41,971 -45,811 -39,808 -40,334
Sale and/or Maturity of Investments		 9,288 11,316 14,297 15,674 15,972 19,567 25,340 23,740 22,291 22,378 15,223
Other Investing Activities, net		 11,171 8,563 10,061 12,715 17,087 22,143 19,661 23,987 26,825 27,377 30,703
Net Cash From Financing Activities		 5,675 13,608 17,077 12,584 11,454 -4,677 5,552 1,744 383 -6,353 1,938
Net Cash From Continuing Financing Activities		 5,675 12,096 15,996 12,410 11,454 -4,677 5,552 1,744 384 -6,354 1,939
Repayment of Debt		 -19,647 -13,689 -21,172 -34,037 -34,153 -39,721 -72,708 -45,106 -40,411 -45,605 -43,678
Repurchase of Preferred Equity		 - - - - - - 0.00 0.00 -2,121 0.00 -101
Repurchase of Common Equity		 -3,277 -3,520 -2,500 -4,492 - - -90 0.00 -2,500 -11,115 -7,064
Payment of Dividends		 -3,165 -2,242 -2,368 -2,233 -2,242 -2,350 -669 -186 -397 -597 -653
Issuance of Debt		 31,764 31,547 42,036 52,187 44,987 36,937 78,527 45,300 45,813 50,963 53,435
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes		 -1,230 -1,524 -213 348 -299 2.00 -222 -152 -138 54 -503

Quarterly Cash Flow Statements for General Motors

This table details how cash moves in and out of General Motors' business through operations, investing, and financing, using quarterly figures. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric Q4 2022 Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Q1 2025 Q2 2025
Period end date 12/31/2022 3/31/2023 6/30/2023 9/30/2023 12/31/2023 3/31/2024 6/30/2024 9/30/2024 12/31/2024 3/31/2025 6/30/2025
Net Change in Cash & Equivalents		 -1,551 -807 5,612 2,225 -7,061 -539 4,241 1,096 -3,751 1,078 1,758
Net Cash From Operating Activities		 5,624 3,086 7,591 6,596 3,657 3,152 5,976 6,861 4,140 6,061 6,908
Net Cash From Continuing Operating Activities		 5,624 3,086 7,591 6,596 3,657 3,153 5,975 6,861 4,137 6,061 6,907
Net Income / (Loss) Continuing Operations		 2,007 2,346 2,507 2,993 1,994 2,953 2,877 3,007 -2,874 2,853 1,894
Consolidated Net Income / (Loss)		 2,007 2,346 2,507 2,993 1,994 2,953 2,877 3,007 -2,874 2,853 1,894
Depreciation Expense		 2,770 2,812 2,934 2,992 3,150 2,798 3,486 2,872 3,233 2,934 3,041
Non-Cash Adjustments To Reconcile Net Income		 -29 -182 24 -502 244 -231 -418 -631 3,648 442 126
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities, net		 876 -1,890 2,126 1,113 -1,731 -2,367 30 1,613 130 -168 1,846
Net Cash From Investing Activities		 -6,911 -2,262 -4,562 -5,276 -2,563 -3,914 -5,073 -5,017 -6,513 -4,490 -6,668
Net Cash From Continuing Investing Activities		 -6,910 -2,261 -4,564 -5,276 -2,562 -3,914 -5,074 -5,015 -6,514 -4,491 -6,667
Purchase of Property, Plant & Equipment		 -6,192 -5,585 -5,932 -5,994 -7,099 -6,219 -6,622 -5,999 -7,269 -6,028 -6,516
Purchase of Investments		 -11,917 -9,606 -10,931 -10,632 -8,639 -8,927 -9,944 -10,460 -11,003 -10,703 -9,820
Sale and/or Maturity of Investments		 5,094 6,211 5,866 4,458 5,843 3,830 3,862 3,692 3,839 3,594 3,451
Other Investing Activities, net		 6,105 6,719 6,433 6,892 7,333 7,402 7,630 7,752 7,919 8,646 6,218
Net Cash From Financing Activities		 -316 -1,685 2,528 983 -8,179 300 3,493 -830 -1,025 -543 1,242
Net Cash From Continuing Financing Activities		 -315 -1,685 2,528 983 -8,180 301 3,491 -829 -1,024 -543 1,242
Repayment of Debt		 -8,948 -12,618 -11,594 -9,707 -11,686 -13,528 -10,370 -8,398 -11,382 -15,224 -12,385
Payment of Dividends		 -127 -185 -126 -182 -104 -198 -136 -192 -127 -175 -144
Issuance of Debt		 9,760 11,487 14,748 11,122 13,606 14,307 15,063 8,793 15,272 16,897 13,771
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes		 52 54 54 -77 23 -78 -153 80 -352 51 276

Annual Balance Sheets for General Motors

This table presents General Motors' assets and liabilities at the end of each period, using annual balance sheet data. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Period end date 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 12/31/2024
Total Assets		 162,091 194,338 212,694 203,409 227,339 228,037 235,194 244,718 264,037 273,064 279,761
Total Current Assets		 83,626 69,408 76,203 68,744 75,293 74,992 80,924 82,103 100,451 101,618 108,545
Cash & Equivalents		 18,954 15,238 12,574 15,512 20,844 19,069 19,992 20,067 19,153 18,853 19,872
Short-Term Investments		 9,222 8,163 11,841 8,313 5,966 4,174 9,046 8,609 12,150 7,613 7,265
Note & Lease Receivable		 25,606 26,388 24,827 28,685 33,399 26,601 26,209 26,649 33,623 39,076 46,362
Accounts Receivable		 - - - - - 6,797 8,035 7,394 13,333 12,378 12,827
Inventories, net		 17,206 16,547 12,150 11,769 9,816 10,398 10,235 12,988 15,366 16,461 14,564
Other Current Assets		 1,540 3,072 3,633 4,465 5,268 7,953 7,407 6,396 6,825 7,238 7,655
Plant, Property, & Equipment, net		 27,743 51,401 66,945 79,135 82,317 80,805 77,451 41,115 32,701 30,582 31,586
Total Noncurrent Assets		 50,722 73,529 69,546 55,530 69,729 72,240 76,819 121,500 130,885 140,864 139,631
Long-Term Investments		 935 9,201 - - 9,215 8,562 8,406 9,677 10,176 10,613 7,102
Noncurrent Note & Lease Receivables		 16,006 18,500 17,001 21,208 25,083 26,355 31,783 74,096 40,591 45,043 46,474
Goodwill		 6,410 5,947 6,149 5,849 5,579 5,337 5,230 5,087 4,945 4,862 4,551
Noncurrent Deferred & Refundable Income Taxes		 25,414 36,860 33,172 23,544 24,082 24,640 24,136 21,152 20,539 22,339 21,254
Other Noncurrent Operating Assets		 1,957 3,021 3,849 4,929 5,770 7,346 7,264 11,488 54,634 58,007 60,250
Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity		 177,501 194,338 221,690 212,482 227,339 228,037 235,194 244,718 264,037 273,064 279,761
Total Liabilities		 141,477 154,015 177,615 176,282 184,562 182,080 185,517 178,903 191,752 204,757 214,171
Total Current Liabilities		 65,657 71,217 85,181 76,890 82,237 84,905 79,910 74,408 91,173 94,445 96,265
Short-Term Debt		 14,944 19,562 23,797 26,965 31,891 37,400 36,913 33,720 38,778 38,968 39,432
Accounts Payable		 22,529 24,062 23,333 23,929 22,297 21,018 19,928 20,391 27,486 28,114 25,680
Accrued Expenses		 28,184 27,593 25,893 25,996 28,049 26,487 23,069 20,297 24,910 27,364 31,154
Total Noncurrent Liabilities		 75,820 82,798 92,434 99,392 102,325 97,175 105,607 104,495 100,579 110,313 117,905
Long-Term Debt		 31,721 43,549 51,326 67,254 73,060 65,924 72,981 75,659 75,921 82,773 90,300
Noncurrent Employee Benefit Liabilities		 30,017 26,596 21,067 19,744 16,908 18,105 19,179 13,751 9,891 11,025 9,769
Other Noncurrent Operating Liabilities		 14,082 12,653 12,415 12,394 12,357 13,146 13,447 15,085 14,767 16,515 17,836
Commitments & Contingencies		 - 0.00 - - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Equity & Noncontrolling Interests		 36,024 40,323 44,075 36,200 42,777 45,957 49,677 65,815 71,927 68,189 65,590
Total Preferred & Common Equity		 35,457 39,871 43,836 35,001 38,860 41,792 45,030 59,744 67,792 64,286 63,072
Total Common Equity		 35,457 39,871 43,836 35,001 38,860 41,792 45,030 59,744 67,792 64,286 63,072
Common Stock		 28,953 27,622 26,998 25,385 25,577 26,088 26,556 27,076 26,442 19,142 20,853
Retained Earnings		 14,577 20,285 26,168 17,627 22,322 26,860 31,962 41,937 49,251 55,391 53,472
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss)		 -8,073 -8,036 -9,330 -8,011 -9,039 -11,156 -13,488 -9,269 -7,901 -10,247 -11,253
Noncontrolling Interest		 567 452 239 1,199 3,917 4,165 4,647 6,071 4,135 3,903 2,518

Quarterly Balance Sheets for General Motors

This table presents General Motors' assets and liabilities at the end of each period, using quarterly balance sheet data. All values are USD millions unless otherwise specified.

Metric Q4 2022 Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Q1 2025 Q2 2025
Period end date 12/31/2022 3/31/2023 6/30/2023 9/30/2023 12/31/2023 3/31/2024 6/30/2024 9/30/2024 12/31/2024 3/31/2025 6/30/2025
Total Assets		 264,037 267,004 275,833 281,705 273,064 276,591 282,956 289,289 279,761 282,104 289,384
Total Current Assets		 100,451 98,832 106,804 110,721 101,618 106,470 112,064 115,419 108,545 110,006 114,285
Cash & Equivalents		 19,153 18,227 23,074 25,224 18,853 17,635 22,516 23,744 19,872 20,570 22,381
Short-Term Investments		 12,150 9,981 9,556 9,651 7,613 7,845 8,313 8,477 7,265 6,919 6,958
Note & Lease Receivable		 33,623 32,283 34,440 36,224 39,076 41,682 42,783 44,453 46,362 44,517 44,473
Accounts Receivable		 13,333 13,702 14,068 13,923 12,378 13,774 13,406 13,782 12,827 14,936 16,722
Inventories, net		 15,366 17,758 17,912 17,740 16,461 17,533 17,605 17,325 14,564 15,253 15,454
Other Current Assets		 6,825 6,881 7,755 7,959 7,238 8,001 7,442 7,636 7,655 7,811 8,297
Plant, Property, & Equipment, net		 32,701 46,895 47,941 49,399 30,582 30,106 30,345 30,956 31,586 32,239 33,196
Total Noncurrent Assets		 130,885 121,277 121,087 121,586 140,864 140,016 140,546 142,914 139,631 139,859 141,902
Long-Term Investments		 10,176 10,542 10,064 10,549 10,613 10,740 10,734 11,039 7,102 6,877 6,103
Noncurrent Note & Lease Receivables		 40,591 75,430 75,761 76,048 45,043 43,511 44,747 45,928 46,474 46,534 47,043
Goodwill		 4,945 4,968 4,950 4,907 4,862 4,823 4,778 4,745 4,551 4,520 4,488
Noncurrent Deferred & Refundable Income Taxes		 20,539 20,676 20,640 20,289 22,339 21,704 21,088 21,007 21,254 21,234 21,478
Other Noncurrent Operating Assets		 54,634 9,661 9,672 9,793 58,007 59,238 59,199 60,195 60,250 60,694 62,790
Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity		 264,037 267,004 275,833 281,705 273,064 276,591 282,956 289,289 279,761 282,104 289,384
Total Liabilities		 191,752 192,773 199,861 202,978 204,757 205,990 211,055 215,127 214,171 215,678 220,925
Total Current Liabilities		 91,173 90,185 92,718 96,820 94,445 91,777 95,363 95,463 96,265 90,747 93,812
Short-Term Debt		 38,778 37,010 36,668 38,652 38,968 35,976 38,098 36,162 39,432 35,934 38,314
Accounts Payable		 27,486 28,931 29,800 30,387 28,114 29,393 28,762 29,629 25,680 26,948 27,077
Accrued Expenses		 24,910 24,244 26,249 27,782 27,364 26,409 28,503 29,672 31,154 27,865 28,421
Total Noncurrent Liabilities		 100,579 102,588 107,142 106,158 110,313 114,212 115,692 119,664 117,905 124,932 127,113
Long-Term Debt		 75,921 77,411 81,375 80,221 82,773 86,261 88,338 91,689 90,300 96,744 97,417
Noncurrent Employee Benefit Liabilities		 9,891 9,859 9,828 9,618 11,025 10,676 10,421 10,233 9,769 9,735 10,074
Other Noncurrent Operating Liabilities		 14,767 15,318 15,938 16,320 16,515 17,275 16,933 17,742 17,836 18,453 19,622
Commitments & Contingencies		 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Equity & Noncontrolling Interests		 71,927 73,961 75,685 78,404 68,189 70,426 71,900 74,162 65,590 66,427 68,459
Total Preferred & Common Equity		 67,792 69,877 71,655 74,475 64,286 66,598 68,633 70,935 63,072 64,372 66,363
Total Common Equity		 67,792 69,877 71,656 74,476 64,286 66,598 68,633 70,935 63,072 64,373 66,363
Common Stock		 26,442 26,337 26,092 26,072 19,142 19,369 19,613 19,353 20,853 20,355 20,620
Retained Earnings		 49,251 51,318 53,517 56,322 55,391 57,688 59,807 62,050 53,472 55,140 56,675
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss)		 -7,901 -7,778 -7,953 -7,918 -10,247 -10,459 -10,787 -10,468 -11,253 -11,122 -10,932
Noncontrolling Interest		 4,135 4,084 4,030 3,929 3,903 3,828 3,267 3,227 2,518 2,054 2,096

Annual Metrics And Ratios for General Motors

This table displays calculated financial ratios and metrics derived from General Motors' official financial filings.

Metric 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Period end date 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 12/31/2024
Growth Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Revenue Growth		 0.32% -12.96% 9.92% -2.41% 1.00% -6.67% -10.75% 3.69% 23.41% 9.64% 9.08%
EBITDA Growth		 54.84% 42.21% 47.43% 12.23% -8.23% 7.85% -4.49% 14.45% -5.65% -1.36% 16.31%
EBIT Growth		 -62.01% 161.45% 67.25% 0.17% -31.68% 16.72% 3.66% 45.15% -5.01% -7.76% 29.59%
NOPAT Growth		 -60.52% 338.20% 5.68% -96.41% 1,642.66% 17.04% 5.41% 40.77% 18.41% 1.85% 1.75%
Net Income Growth		 -24.63% 139.30% -3.61% -141.89% 306.21% -16.71% -5.19% 57.33% -2.38% 1.36% -39.40%
EPS Growth		 -30.67% 258.18% 1.52% -143.33% 312.69% -17.36% -5.25% 54.73% -8.51% 19.41% -12.98%
Operating Cash Flow Growth		 496.57% 16.98% 41.11% 4.34% -11.96% -1.54% 10.98% -8.89% 5.63% 30.46% -3.83%
Free Cash Flow Firm Growth		 108.21% -2,035.66% 72.95% -63.90% 18.58% 91.40% 161.62% -1,502.53% 99.63% 5,002.19% -37.41%
Invested Capital Growth		 0.05% 92.32% 20.03% 14.71% 14.54% 5.17% 3.96% 12.05% 6.33% 5.13% 5.31%
Revenue Q/Q Growth		 -0.55% -10.91% 9.27% 1.44% 0.47% -5.23% 5.78% -3.00% 6.47% -0.08% 2.59%
EBITDA Q/Q Growth		 531.82% 150.44% 69.69% 10.83% 8.88% 4.66% 12.54% -6.57% 2.72% -4.29% 3.41%
EBIT Q/Q Growth		 55.01% 12.96% -13.17% 20.07% 20.96% 19.73% 43.54% -11.29% 7.08% -11.43% 5.95%
NOPAT Q/Q Growth		 285.26% 87.86% -37.41% -94.64% 559.41% -25.83% 101.83% -12.53% 11.19% -3.74% -17.16%
Net Income Q/Q Growth		 31.22% 78.12% -32.44% -226.33% 958.86% -25.32% 89.71% -9.39% 2.55% -0.14% -44.95%
EPS Q/Q Growth		 4.43% 115.69% -30.64% -233.33% 618.18% -25.57% 95.05% -10.55% 4.07% 2.95% -32.16%
Operating Cash Flow Q/Q Growth		 496.57% 15.01% -31.34% 19.85% -5.32% -14.55% 23.94% 0.77% -6.88% -8.59% 2.46%
Free Cash Flow Firm Q/Q Growth		 109.52% -408.50% 79.92% -9.77% -124.77% 98.14% 654.65% -4.00% -101.58% 250.29% -80.31%
Invested Capital Q/Q Growth		 -21.24% 72.02% -4.63% -6.95% 71.48% -0.41% 1.24% 0.54% 2.36% 0.52% 1.47%
Profitability Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Gross Margin		 8.86% 12.84% 18.37% 20.17% 17.95% 19.37% 20.37% 20.83% 19.04% 17.76% 19.41%
EBITDA Margin		 6.15% 10.05% 13.48% 15.50% 14.08% 16.28% 17.42% 19.22% 14.70% 13.22% 14.10%
Operating Margin		 0.98% 4.08% 5.82% 5.95% 3.02% 3.99% 5.42% 7.34% 6.58% 5.41% 6.82%
EBIT Margin		 1.51% 4.53% 6.90% 7.08% 4.79% 5.99% 6.96% 9.74% 7.49% 6.31% 7.49%
Profit (Net Income) Margin		 2.58% 7.08% 6.21% -2.67% 5.44% 4.86% 5.16% 7.83% 6.19% 5.73% 3.18%
Tax Burden Percent		 94.63% 114.86% 77.18% -32.72% 93.64% 89.66% 78.09% 78.21% 83.71% 94.59% 70.00%
Interest Burden Percent		 180.45% 136.07% 116.71% 115.11% 121.42% 90.48% 95.02% 102.84% 98.73% 96.01% 60.67%
Effective Tax Rate		 5.37% -14.56% 22.81% 97.22% 5.54% 10.34% 21.91% 21.79% 16.28% 5.41% 30.00%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)		 3.93% 11.79% 8.60% 0.26% 4.01% 4.29% 4.32% 5.63% 6.12% 5.89% 5.70%
ROIC Less NNEP Spread (ROIC-NNEP)		 -88.57% 32.67% 15.78% -7.80% 9.86% 6.78% 5.91% 9.33% 7.60% 7.22% 2.38%
Return on Net Nonoperating Assets (RNNOA)		 6.21% 13.40% 13.36% -9.94% 16.26% 10.74% 8.90% 11.59% 7.94% 8.10% 3.21%
Return on Equity (ROE)		 10.15% 25.19% 21.96% -9.67% 20.27% 15.03% 13.22% 17.22% 14.06% 14.00% 8.91%
Cash Return on Invested Capital (CROIC)		 3.88% -51.38% -9.60% -13.44% -9.54% -0.75% 0.44% -5.73% -0.02% 0.89% 0.53%
Operating Return on Assets (OROA)		 1.48% 3.45% 5.06% 4.95% 3.27% 3.61% 3.68% 5.15% 4.62% 4.03% 5.08%
Return on Assets (ROA)		 2.54% 5.40% 4.55% -1.87% 3.72% 2.93% 2.73% 4.14% 3.82% 3.66% 2.16%
Return on Common Equity (ROCE)		 9.60% 24.85% 21.78% -9.50% 18.96% 13.66% 12.00% 15.62% 12.98% 13.15% 8.47%
Return on Equity Simple (ROE_SIMPLE)		 11.33% 24.12% 21.14% -11.09% 20.60% 15.95% 14.04% 16.65% 14.32% 15.31% 9.45%
Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT)		 1,448 6,344 6,705 241 4,199 4,914 5,180 7,292 8,635 8,795 8,948
NOPAT Margin		 0.93% 4.67% 4.49% 0.17% 2.86% 3.58% 4.23% 5.74% 5.51% 5.12% 4.77%
Net Nonoperating Expense Percent (NNEP)		 92.50% -20.89% -7.17% 8.06% -5.85% -2.50% -1.58% -3.70% -1.49% -1.32% 3.31%
Return On Investment Capital (ROIC_SIMPLE)		 - - - - - - - - 4.63% 4.63% 4.58%
Cost of Revenue to Revenue		 91.14% 87.16% 81.63% 79.83% 82.05% 80.63% 79.63% 79.17% 80.96% 82.24% 80.59%
SG&A Expenses to Revenue		 7.80% 8.76% 6.93% 14.22% 14.93% 15.38% 14.95% 13.49% 12.46% 12.35% 12.59%
R&D to Revenue		 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Operating Expenses to Revenue		 7.87% 8.76% 12.54% 14.22% 14.93% 15.38% 14.95% 13.49% 12.46% 12.35% 12.59%
Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)		 2,353 6,152 10,289 10,306 7,041 8,218 8,519 12,365 11,746 10,835 14,041
Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)		 9,591 13,639 20,108 22,567 20,710 22,336 21,334 24,416 23,036 22,723 26,430
Valuation Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Price to Book Value (P/BV)		 1.24 1.08 1.04 1.48 1.13 1.21 1.30 1.40 0.69 0.76 0.93
Price to Tangible Book Value (P/TBV)		 1.51 1.27 1.21 1.78 1.32 1.39 1.47 1.53 0.74 0.82 1.00
Price to Revenue (P/Rev)		 0.28 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.30 0.37 0.48 0.66 0.30 0.28 0.31
Price to Earnings (P/E)		 11.13 4.46 4.83 0.00 5.47 7.52 9.08 8.32 4.71 4.81 9.75
Dividend Yield		 4.39% 4.97% 6.30% 4.16% 4.89% 4.29% 3.73% 0.00% 0.55% 1.01% 0.90%
Earnings Yield		 8.98% 22.41% 20.72% 0.00% 18.28% 13.30% 11.01% 12.02% 21.23% 20.80% 10.26%
Enterprise Value to Invested Capital (EV/IC)		 1.65 1.05 1.13 1.27 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.17 0.86 0.90 0.97
Enterprise Value to Revenue (EV/Rev)		 0.39 0.55 0.65 0.85 0.79 0.92 1.11 1.26 0.79 0.80 0.84
Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)		 6.33 5.44 4.80 5.47 5.63 5.65 6.35 6.57 5.41 6.05 5.92
Enterprise Value to EBIT (EV/EBIT)		 25.82 12.06 9.37 11.99 16.57 15.37 15.90 12.98 10.60 12.68 11.15
Enterprise Value to NOPAT (EV/NOPAT)		 41.96 11.69 14.38 512.74 27.79 25.70 26.15 22.01 14.42 15.62 17.50
Enterprise Value to Operating Cash Flow (EV/OCF)		 6.04 6.30 5.81 7.13 7.65 8.41 8.13 10.57 7.76 6.56 7.78
Enterprise Value to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCFF)		 42.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 256.01 0.00 0.00 103.30 188.13
Leverage & Solvency		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Debt to Equity		 1.30 1.57 1.70 2.60 2.45 2.25 2.21 1.66 1.59 1.78 1.98
Long-Term Debt to Equity		 0.88 1.08 1.16 1.86 1.71 1.43 1.47 1.15 1.05 1.21 1.38
Financial Leverage		 -0.07 0.41 0.85 1.27 1.65 1.58 1.51 1.24 1.04 1.12 1.35
Leverage Ratio		 4.00 4.67 4.82 5.18 5.45 5.13 4.84 4.16 3.68 3.82 4.13
Compound Leverage Factor		 7.22 6.35 5.63 5.97 6.62 4.64 4.60 4.27 3.64 3.67 2.51
Debt to Total Capital		 56.43% 61.02% 63.02% 72.24% 71.04% 69.21% 68.87% 62.43% 61.34% 64.06% 66.42%
Short-Term Debt to Total Capital		 18.07% 18.91% 19.96% 20.68% 21.59% 25.05% 23.13% 19.25% 20.74% 20.50% 20.19%
Long-Term Debt to Total Capital		 38.36% 42.10% 43.06% 51.57% 49.46% 44.16% 45.74% 43.19% 40.60% 43.55% 46.23%
Preferred Equity to Total Capital		 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Noncontrolling Interests to Total Capital		 0.69% 0.44% 0.20% 0.92% 2.65% 2.79% 2.91% 3.47% 2.40% 2.12% 1.29%
Common Equity to Total Capital		 42.88% 38.55% 36.78% 26.84% 26.31% 28.00% 28.22% 34.10% 36.26% 33.83% 32.29%
Debt to EBITDA		 4.87 4.63 3.74 4.18 5.07 4.63 5.15 4.48 4.98 5.36 4.91
Net Debt to EBITDA		 1.69 2.24 2.52 3.12 3.33 3.20 3.40 2.91 3.18 3.73 3.61
Long-Term Debt to EBITDA		 3.31 3.19 2.55 2.98 3.53 2.95 3.42 3.10 3.30 3.64 3.42
Debt to NOPAT		 32.23 9.95 11.20 391.07 25.00 21.03 21.21 15.00 13.28 13.84 14.50
Net Debt to NOPAT		 11.20 4.81 7.56 292.18 16.42 14.55 13.99 9.74 8.48 9.63 10.67
Long-Term Debt to NOPAT		 21.91 6.86 7.66 279.15 17.40 13.42 14.09 10.38 8.79 9.41 10.09
Altman Z-Score		 1.46 1.11 1.14 1.13 0.99 1.00 1.02 1.24 1.19 1.22 1.32
Noncontrolling Interest Sharing Ratio		 5.36% 1.33% 0.82% 1.79% 6.48% 9.11% 9.21% 9.28% 7.65% 6.06% 4.88%
Liquidity Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Current Ratio		 1.27 0.97 0.89 0.89 0.92 0.88 1.01 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.13
Quick Ratio		 0.82 0.70 0.58 0.68 0.73 0.67 0.79 0.84 0.86 0.83 0.90
Cash Flow Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF)		 1,429 -27,658 -7,481 -12,262 -9,983 -859 529 -7,422 -27 1,330 832
Operating Cash Flow to CapEx		 84.78% 53.72% 59.57% 62.71% 59.83% 62.60% 81.19% 68.69% 75.72% 85.05% 77.10%
Free Cash Flow to Firm to Interest Expense		 7.11 0.00 0.00 -21.33 -15.24 -1.10 0.48 -7.81 -0.03 1.46 0.98
Operating Cash Flow to Interest Expense		 50.05 0.00 0.00 30.14 23.29 19.21 15.18 15.99 16.25 22.97 23.79
Operating Cash Flow Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -8.99 0.00 0.00 -17.92 -15.64 -11.48 -3.52 -7.29 -5.21 -4.04 -7.07
Efficiency Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Asset Turnover		 0.98 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.60 0.53 0.53 0.62 0.64 0.68
Accounts Receivable Turnover		 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.52 16.46 15.12 13.37 14.87
Inventory Turnover		 8.45 7.01 8.49 9.72 11.18 10.95 9.45 8.66 8.95 8.88 9.74
Fixed Asset Turnover		 5.82 3.43 2.52 1.99 1.82 1.68 1.55 2.14 4.25 5.43 6.03
Accounts Payable Turnover		 6.16 5.08 5.14 4.92 5.22 5.11 4.76 4.99 5.30 5.08 5.62
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)		 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.10 22.17 24.13 27.31 24.54
Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO)		 43.20 52.07 43.00 37.56 32.65 33.34 38.61 42.15 40.78 41.10 37.48
Days Payable Outstanding (DPO)		 59.26 71.88 71.02 74.21 69.92 71.44 76.61 73.18 68.86 71.80 64.99
Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)		 -16.06 -19.81 -28.02 -36.65 -37.27 -38.10 -15.91 -8.86 -3.94 -3.39 -2.97
Capital & Investment Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Invested Capital		 36,830 70,832 85,018 97,521 111,703 117,476 122,127 136,841 145,503 152,968 161,084
Invested Capital Turnover		 4.23 2.52 1.91 1.60 1.41 1.20 1.02 0.98 1.11 1.15 1.19
Increase / (Decrease) in Invested Capital		 19 34,002 14,186 12,503 14,182 5,773 4,651 14,714 8,662 7,465 8,116
Enterprise Value (EV)		 60,745 74,187 96,446 123,534 116,684 126,286 135,473 160,471 124,511 137,369 156,586
Market Capitalization		 43,962 43,226 45,499 51,941 43,841 50,602 58,376 83,374 46,799 48,686 58,575
Book Value per Share		 $22.07 $25.62 $28.76 $24.64 $27.53 $29.25 $31.46 $41.15 $47.72 $46.94 $57.36
Tangible Book Value per Share		 $18.08 $21.80 $24.72 $20.52 $23.58 $25.51 $27.81 $37.65 $44.24 $43.39 $53.22
Total Capital		 82,689 103,434 119,198 130,419 147,728 149,281 159,571 175,194 186,983 190,048 195,322
Total Debt		 46,665 63,111 75,123 94,219 104,951 103,324 109,894 109,379 114,699 121,741 129,732
Total Long-Term Debt		 31,721 43,549 51,326 67,254 73,060 65,924 72,981 75,659 75,921 82,773 90,300
Net Debt		 16,216 30,509 50,708 70,394 68,926 71,519 72,450 71,026 73,220 84,662 95,493
Capital Expenditures (CapEx)		 11,867 21,909 27,879 27,633 25,497 23,996 20,533 22,111 21,187 24,610 26,109
Debt-free, Cash-free Net Working Capital (DFCFNWC)		 3,399 -5,648 -9,596 -5,006 -1,863 4,244 8,889 12,739 16,753 19,675 24,575
Debt-free Net Working Capital (DFNWC)		 32,913 17,753 14,819 18,819 24,947 27,487 37,927 41,415 48,056 46,141 51,712
Net Working Capital (NWC)		 17,969 -1,809 -8,978 -8,146 -6,944 -9,913 1,014 7,695 9,278 7,173 12,280
Net Nonoperating Expense (NNE)		 -2,570 -3,271 -2,563 4,123 -3,806 -1,753 -1,141 -2,653 -1,073 -1,045 2,985
Net Nonoperating Obligations (NNO)		 806 30,509 40,943 61,321 68,926 71,519 72,450 71,026 73,219 84,661 95,494
Total Depreciation and Amortization (D&A)		 7,238 7,487 9,819 12,261 13,669 14,118 12,815 12,051 11,290 11,888 12,389
Debt-free, Cash-free Net Working Capital to Revenue		 2.18% -4.16% -6.43% -3.44% -1.27% 3.09% 7.26% 10.03% 10.69% 11.45% 13.11%
Debt-free Net Working Capital to Revenue		 21.11% 13.08% 9.93% 12.93% 16.97% 20.03% 30.96% 32.61% 30.66% 26.85% 27.59%
Net Working Capital to Revenue		 11.52% -1.33% -6.02% -5.60% -4.72% -7.22% 0.83% 6.06% 5.92% 4.17% 6.55%
Earnings Adjustments		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Adjusted Basic Earnings per Share		 $1.75 $6.11 $6.12 ($2.65) $5.61 $4.62 $4.36 $6.78 $6.17 $7.35 $6.45
Adjusted Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding		 1.61B 1.59B 1.54B 1.47B 1.41B 1.42B 1.43B 1.45B 1.45B 1.36B 1.12B
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share		 $1.65 $5.91 $6.00 ($2.60) $5.53 $4.57 $4.33 $6.70 $6.13 $7.32 $6.37
Adjusted Weighted Average Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.69B 1.64B 1.57B 1.49B 1.43B 1.44B 1.44B 1.47B 1.45B 1.37B 1.13B
Adjusted Basic & Diluted Earnings per Share		 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Adjusted Weighted Average Basic & Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.61B 1.54B 1.50B 1.40B 1.41B 1.43B 1.44B 1.45B 1.39B 1.15B 995.00M
Normalized Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT)		 1,561 3,877 6,705 6,063 4,199 4,914 5,180 7,292 8,635 8,795 8,948
Normalized NOPAT Margin		 1.00% 2.86% 4.49% 4.16% 2.86% 3.58% 4.23% 5.74% 5.51% 5.12% 4.77%
Pre Tax Income Margin		 2.72% 6.17% 8.05% 8.15% 5.81% 5.42% 6.61% 10.01% 7.40% 6.05% 4.54%
Debt Service Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
EBIT to Interest Expense		 11.71 0.00 0.00 17.92 10.75 10.51 7.76 13.02 11.90 11.89 16.60
NOPAT to Interest Expense		 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.42 6.41 6.28 4.72 7.68 8.75 9.65 10.58
EBIT Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -47.33 0.00 0.00 -30.13 -28.18 -20.18 -10.94 -10.26 -9.57 -15.12 -14.26
NOPAT Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -51.84 0.00 0.00 -47.64 -32.52 -24.40 -13.98 -15.60 -12.72 -17.36 -20.28
Payout Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Dividend Payout Ratio		 78.77% 23.32% 25.55% -57.52% 28.01% 35.25% 10.58% 1.87% 4.09% 6.07% 10.95%
Augmented Payout Ratio		 160.33% 59.93% 52.52% -173.24% 28.01% 35.25% 12.01% 1.87% 29.84% 119.02% 129.41%

Quarterly Metrics And Ratios for General Motors

This table displays calculated financial ratios and metrics derived from General Motors' official financial filings.

Metric Q4 2022 Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Q1 2025 Q2 2025
Period end date 12/31/2022 3/31/2023 6/30/2023 9/30/2023 12/31/2023 3/31/2024 6/30/2024 9/30/2024 12/31/2024 3/31/2025 6/30/2025
Growth Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Revenue Growth		 28.36% 11.13% 25.13% 5.35% -0.30% 7.58% 7.20% 10.48% 10.99% 2.34% -1.77%
EBITDA Growth		 12.73% 3.48% 15.45% -4.51% -18.83% 17.92% 22.00% 7.11% 19.86% -3.54% -25.41%
EBIT Growth		 41.89% 10.10% 30.53% -13.13% -53.08% 35.25% 24.98% 16.71% 63.81% -9.36% -36.61%
NOPAT Growth		 68.70% -1.70% 41.65% -3.28% -20.41% 36.27% 32.46% 13.46% -33.87% -9.89% -44.52%
Net Income Growth		 13.65% -16.42% 52.68% -7.93% -0.70% 25.87% 14.76% 0.47% -244.25% -3.39% -34.17%
EPS Growth		 20.87% 25.19% 60.53% -2.22% 15.11% 51.48% 39.34% 21.82% -188.75% 30.86% -25.10%
Operating Cash Flow Growth		 -17.40% 46.67% 142.99% 27.07% -34.98% 2.14% -21.28% 4.02% 13.21% 92.29% 15.60%
Free Cash Flow Firm Growth		 50.88% 29.56% 30.43% -120.63% 11.81% 50.13% 64.94% 51.17% -20.44% -45.25% -329.55%
Invested Capital Growth		 6.33% 6.91% 6.42% 7.05% 5.13% 4.48% 3.60% 4.32% 5.31% 5.18% 7.64%
Revenue Q/Q Growth		 2.91% -7.25% 11.91% -1.38% -2.61% 0.08% 11.52% 1.64% -2.16% -7.72% 7.05%
EBITDA Q/Q Growth		 -20.12% 7.33% 4.86% 6.20% -32.10% 55.94% 8.50% -6.77% -24.01% 25.49% -16.10%
EBIT Q/Q Growth		 -34.04% 13.44% 5.36% 10.14% -64.37% 227.13% -2.65% 2.85% -49.99% 81.02% -31.92%
NOPAT Q/Q Growth		 -24.81% 7.67% 5.87% 12.82% -38.13% 84.42% 2.90% -3.37% -63.94% 151.29% -36.64%
Net Income Q/Q Growth		 -38.28% 16.89% 6.86% 19.43% -33.43% 48.17% -2.57% 4.55% -195.58% 199.23% -33.61%
EPS Q/Q Growth		 -38.22% 21.58% 8.28% 20.22% -27.27% 60.00% -0.39% 5.10% -152.99% 335.92% -42.99%
Operating Cash Flow Q/Q Growth		 8.34% -45.13% 145.98% -13.11% -44.56% -13.81% 89.59% 14.81% -39.66% 46.40% 13.97%
Free Cash Flow Firm Q/Q Growth		 -97.46% -13.16% 9.13% -8.68% 21.07% 36.01% 36.13% -51.37% -94.69% 22.83% -88.89%
Invested Capital Q/Q Growth		 2.36% 3.02% 0.95% 0.56% 0.52% 2.39% 0.10% 1.26% 1.47% 2.27% 2.43%
Profitability Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Gross Margin		 19.79% 19.35% 18.14% 18.78% 14.82% 20.97% 19.50% 20.00% 17.31% 20.06% 16.62%
EBITDA Margin		 12.53% 14.50% 13.59% 14.63% 10.20% 15.90% 15.47% 14.19% 11.02% 14.98% 11.74%
Operating Margin		 6.05% 6.45% 6.23% 6.83% 2.14% 8.69% 8.07% 7.49% 3.19% 7.61% 4.51%
EBIT Margin		 6.11% 7.47% 7.03% 7.85% 2.87% 9.39% 8.20% 8.30% 4.24% 8.32% 5.29%
Profit (Net Income) Margin		 4.66% 5.87% 5.60% 6.78% 4.64% 6.87% 6.00% 6.17% -6.03% 6.48% 4.02%
Tax Burden Percent		 77.52% 84.54% 82.77% 86.43% 175.59% 79.49% 78.97% 80.93% 112.48% 79.87% 79.75%
Interest Burden Percent		 98.37% 92.90% 96.25% 99.94% 91.90% 91.96% 92.63% 91.89% -126.35% 97.54% 95.27%
Effective Tax Rate		 22.44% 15.42% 17.23% 13.57% -75.51% 20.51% 21.05% 19.07% 0.00% 20.13% 20.25%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)		 5.21% 6.04% 5.97% 6.90% 4.32% 7.88% 7.37% 7.12% 2.67% 7.13% 4.15%
ROIC Less NNEP Spread (ROIC-NNEP)		 5.19% 6.27% 6.23% 7.43% 4.80% 7.86% 7.14% 7.19% -1.71% 7.32% 4.36%
Return on Net Nonoperating Assets (RNNOA)		 5.42% 6.60% 6.44% 7.30% 5.39% 8.77% 7.74% 7.43% -2.30% 9.85% 5.76%
Return on Equity (ROE)		 10.63% 12.64% 12.41% 14.19% 9.71% 16.66% 15.11% 14.55% 0.37% 16.98% 9.90%
Cash Return on Invested Capital (CROIC)		 -0.02% -0.80% 0.05% -0.60% 0.89% 1.90% 3.24% 2.72% 0.53% 0.35% -2.86%
Operating Return on Assets (OROA)		 3.76% 4.63% 4.51% 4.98% 1.84% 6.04% 5.23% 5.31% 2.88% 5.61% 3.47%
Return on Assets (ROA)		 2.87% 3.64% 3.59% 4.30% 2.97% 4.42% 3.82% 3.95% -4.09% 4.37% 2.63%
Return on Common Equity (ROCE)		 9.82% 11.81% 11.66% 13.36% 9.12% 15.69% 14.33% 13.84% 0.35% 16.23% 9.53%
Return on Equity Simple (ROE_SIMPLE)		 0.00% 13.23% 14.11% 13.23% 0.00% 15.69% 15.76% 15.27% 0.00% 9.11% 7.35%
Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT)		 2,024 2,180 2,308 2,604 1,611 2,971 3,058 2,955 1,065 2,677 1,696
NOPAT Margin		 4.70% 5.45% 5.16% 5.90% 3.75% 6.91% 6.37% 6.06% 2.23% 6.08% 3.60%
Net Nonoperating Expense Percent (NNEP)		 0.02% -0.22% -0.27% -0.53% -0.48% 0.02% 0.23% -0.07% 4.37% -0.19% -0.21%
Return On Investment Capital (ROIC_SIMPLE)		 1.08% - - - 0.85% - - - 0.55% 1.34% 0.83%
Cost of Revenue to Revenue		 80.21% 80.65% 81.86% 81.22% 85.18% 79.03% 80.50% 80.00% 82.69% 79.94% 83.38%
SG&A Expenses to Revenue		 13.73% 12.90% 11.90% 11.96% 12.69% 12.28% 11.43% 12.51% 14.11% 12.44% 12.11%
R&D to Revenue		 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Operating Expenses to Revenue		 13.73% 12.90% 11.90% 11.96% 12.69% 12.28% 11.43% 12.51% 14.11% 12.44% 12.11%
Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)		 2,632 2,987 3,147 3,466 1,235 4,040 3,933 4,045 2,023 3,662 2,493
Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)		 5,402 5,799 6,081 6,458 4,385 6,838 7,419 6,917 5,256 6,596 5,534
Valuation Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Price to Book Value (P/BV)		 0.69 0.72 0.74 0.60 0.76 0.93 0.77 0.71 0.93 0.73 0.71
Price to Tangible Book Value (P/TBV)		 0.74 0.78 0.79 0.65 0.82 1.00 0.83 0.76 1.00 0.78 0.76
Price to Revenue (P/Rev)		 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.28 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.25 0.25
Price to Earnings (P/E)		 4.71 5.37 5.16 4.48 4.81 5.78 4.78 4.55 9.75 8.05 9.91
Dividend Yield		 0.55% 0.75% 0.94% 1.10% 1.01% 0.86% 0.90% 1.00% 0.90% 1.02% 1.04%
Earnings Yield		 21.23% 18.61% 19.36% 22.34% 20.80% 17.29% 20.90% 21.97% 10.26% 12.42% 10.09%
Enterprise Value to Invested Capital (EV/IC)		 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.81 0.90 0.97 0.90 0.87 0.97 0.89 0.89
Enterprise Value to Revenue (EV/Rev)		 0.79 0.81 0.78 0.71 0.80 0.87 0.79 0.76 0.84 0.78 0.80
Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)		 5.41 5.62 5.52 5.16 6.05 6.40 5.62 5.41 5.92 5.62 6.16
Enterprise Value to EBIT (EV/EBIT)		 10.60 10.85 10.40 10.02 12.68 12.78 11.14 10.43 11.15 10.77 12.25
Enterprise Value to NOPAT (EV/NOPAT)		 14.42 15.29 14.41 13.42 15.62 15.78 13.52 12.79 17.50 16.96 20.47
Enterprise Value to Operating Cash Flow (EV/OCF)		 7.76 7.66 6.17 5.35 6.56 7.24 7.28 7.04 7.78 6.39 6.25
Enterprise Value to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCFF)		 0.00 0.00 1,791.45 0.00 103.30 52.15 28.29 32.70 188.13 262.64 0.00
Leverage & Solvency		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Debt to Equity		 1.59 1.54 1.55 1.51 1.78 1.73 1.76 1.72 1.98 2.00 1.98
Long-Term Debt to Equity		 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.02 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.38 1.46 1.42
Financial Leverage		 1.04 1.05 1.03 0.98 1.12 1.12 1.08 1.03 1.35 1.35 1.32
Leverage Ratio		 3.68 3.67 3.67 3.65 3.82 3.75 3.78 3.73 4.13 4.08 4.08
Compound Leverage Factor		 3.62 3.41 3.53 3.65 3.51 3.45 3.50 3.43 -5.22 3.98 3.88
Debt to Total Capital		 61.34% 60.65% 60.84% 60.16% 64.06% 63.39% 63.75% 63.29% 66.42% 66.64% 66.47%
Short-Term Debt to Total Capital		 20.74% 19.62% 18.90% 19.56% 20.50% 18.66% 19.21% 17.90% 20.19% 18.05% 18.76%
Long-Term Debt to Total Capital		 40.60% 41.03% 41.94% 40.60% 43.55% 44.73% 44.54% 45.39% 46.23% 48.59% 47.71%
Preferred Equity to Total Capital		 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Noncontrolling Interests to Total Capital		 2.40% 2.31% 2.23% 2.15% 2.12% 2.08% 1.65% 1.60% 1.29% 1.03% 1.03%
Common Equity to Total Capital		 36.26% 37.04% 36.93% 37.69% 33.83% 34.54% 34.60% 35.11% 32.29% 32.33% 32.50%
Debt to EBITDA		 4.98 4.93 4.91 5.01 5.36 5.14 5.04 5.00 4.91 5.07 5.58
Net Debt to EBITDA		 3.18 3.26 3.13 3.09 3.73 3.62 3.38 3.31 3.61 3.75 4.13
Long-Term Debt to EBITDA		 3.30 3.33 3.38 3.38 3.64 3.63 3.52 3.59 3.42 3.69 4.01
Debt to NOPAT		 13.28 13.41 12.82 13.01 13.84 12.69 12.11 11.84 14.50 15.29 18.56
Net Debt to NOPAT		 8.48 8.87 8.18 8.04 9.63 8.93 8.13 7.83 10.67 11.33 13.71
Long-Term Debt to NOPAT		 8.79 9.07 8.84 8.78 9.41 8.96 8.46 8.49 10.09 11.15 13.32
Altman Z-Score		 1.08 1.10 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.22 1.19 1.20 1.18 1.20 1.16
Noncontrolling Interest Sharing Ratio		 7.65% 6.60% 6.05% 5.89% 6.06% 5.77% 5.13% 4.89% 4.88% 4.42% 3.82%
Liquidity Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Current Ratio		 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.14 1.08 1.16 1.18 1.21 1.13 1.21 1.22
Quick Ratio		 0.86 0.82 0.88 0.88 0.83 0.88 0.91 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.97
Cash Flow Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF)		 -6,638 -7,511 -6,825 -7,417 -5,854 -3,746 -2,392 -3,621 -7,051 -5,441 -10,277
Operating Cash Flow to CapEx		 90.83% 55.26% 127.97% 110.04% 51.51% 50.68% 90.24% 114.37% 56.95% 100.55% 106.02%
Free Cash Flow to Firm to Interest Expense		 -24.77 -32.10 -30.20 0.00 0.00 -17.10 -11.61 -17.58 -32.79 -35.79 -51.90
Operating Cash Flow to Interest Expense		 20.99 13.19 33.59 0.00 0.00 14.39 29.01 33.31 19.26 39.88 34.89
Operating Cash Flow Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -2.12 -10.68 7.34 0.00 0.00 -14.00 -3.14 4.18 -14.55 0.22 1.98
Efficiency Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Asset Turnover		 0.62 0.62 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.68 0.67 0.66
Accounts Receivable Turnover		 15.12 12.53 12.82 12.31 13.37 12.73 12.96 13.19 14.87 13.13 12.45
Inventory Turnover		 8.95 7.96 7.89 8.17 8.88 8.11 8.17 8.45 9.74 9.29 9.25
Fixed Asset Turnover		 4.25 2.57 3.78 3.73 5.43 4.54 4.55 4.55 6.03 6.05 5.90
Accounts Payable Turnover		 5.30 4.79 4.93 4.86 5.08 4.91 4.95 4.94 5.62 5.40 5.48
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)		 24.13 29.12 28.48 29.65 27.31 28.67 28.15 27.67 24.54 27.80 29.31
Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO)		 40.78 45.84 46.27 44.68 41.10 45.01 44.68 43.17 37.48 39.30 39.45
Days Payable Outstanding (DPO)		 68.86 76.17 74.10 75.04 71.80 74.39 73.68 73.89 64.99 67.53 66.63
Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)		 -3.94 -1.22 0.64 -0.70 -3.39 -0.70 -0.84 -3.05 -2.97 -0.43 2.12
Capital & Investment Metrics		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Invested Capital		 145,503 149,902 151,324 152,175 152,968 156,619 156,774 158,751 161,084 164,737 168,747
Invested Capital Turnover		 1.11 1.11 1.16 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.17 1.15
Increase / (Decrease) in Invested Capital		 8,662 9,691 9,133 10,021 7,465 6,717 5,450 6,576 8,116 8,118 11,973
Enterprise Value (EV)		 124,511 130,474 132,675 122,571 137,369 151,963 141,149 138,215 156,586 147,161 149,697
Market Capitalization		 46,799 50,448 53,009 44,870 48,686 61,943 53,009 50,397 58,575 46,795 47,312
Book Value per Share		 $47.72 $50.10 $51.55 $54.13 $46.94 $57.66 $60.15 $63.11 $57.36 $64.70 $69.03
Tangible Book Value per Share		 $44.24 $46.54 $47.99 $50.56 $43.39 $53.48 $55.97 $58.89 $53.22 $60.15 $64.36
Total Capital		 186,983 188,653 194,015 197,600 190,048 192,838 198,336 202,013 195,322 199,105 204,190
Total Debt		 114,699 114,421 118,043 118,873 121,741 122,237 126,436 127,851 129,732 132,678 135,731
Total Long-Term Debt		 75,921 77,411 81,375 80,221 82,773 86,261 88,338 91,689 90,300 96,744 97,417
Net Debt		 73,220 75,671 75,349 73,449 84,662 86,017 84,873 84,591 95,493 98,312 100,289
Capital Expenditures (CapEx)		 6,192 5,585 5,932 5,994 7,099 6,219 6,622 5,999 7,269 6,028 6,516
Debt-free, Cash-free Net Working Capital (DFCFNWC)		 16,753 17,449 18,124 17,678 19,675 25,189 23,970 23,897 24,575 27,704 29,448
Debt-free Net Working Capital (DFNWC)		 48,056 45,657 50,754 52,553 46,141 50,669 54,799 56,118 51,712 55,193 58,787
Net Working Capital (NWC)		 9,278 8,647 14,086 13,901 7,173 14,693 16,701 19,956 12,280 19,259 20,473
Net Nonoperating Expense (NNE)		 17 -166 -199 -390 -382 18 181 -53 3,940 -176 -198
Net Nonoperating Obligations (NNO)		 73,219 75,670 75,352 73,448 84,661 86,018 84,874 84,589 95,494 98,310 100,288
Total Depreciation and Amortization (D&A)		 2,770 2,812 2,934 2,992 3,150 2,798 3,486 2,872 3,233 2,934 3,041
Debt-free, Cash-free Net Working Capital to Revenue		 10.69% 10.86% 10.68% 10.28% 11.45% 14.40% 13.46% 13.08% 13.11% 14.70% 15.70%
Debt-free Net Working Capital to Revenue		 30.66% 28.40% 29.90% 30.56% 26.85% 28.98% 30.77% 30.71% 27.59% 29.29% 31.34%
Net Working Capital to Revenue		 5.92% 5.38% 8.30% 8.08% 4.17% 8.40% 9.38% 10.92% 6.55% 10.22% 10.91%
Earnings Adjustments		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Adjusted Basic Earnings per Share		 $1.41 $1.70 $1.83 $2.21 $1.61 $2.57 $2.57 $2.71 ($1.40) $3.40 $1.94
Adjusted Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding		 1.45B 1.40B 1.39B 1.37B 1.36B 1.16B 1.14B 1.12B 1.12B 988M 963M
Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share		 $1.39 $1.69 $1.83 $2.20 $1.60 $2.56 $2.55 $2.68 ($1.42) $3.35 $1.91
Adjusted Weighted Average Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.45B 1.40B 1.39B 1.38B 1.37B 1.16B 1.15B 1.13B 1.13B 1.00B 976M
Adjusted Basic & Diluted Earnings per Share		 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Adjusted Weighted Average Basic & Diluted Shares Outstanding		 1.39B 1.39B 1.38B 1.37B 1.15B 1.14B 1.12B 1.10B 995.00M 961.43M 952.08M
Normalized Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT)		 2,024 2,180 2,308 2,604 643 2,971 3,058 2,955 1,065 2,677 1,696
Normalized NOPAT Margin		 4.70% 5.45% 5.16% 5.90% 1.50% 6.91% 6.37% 6.06% 2.23% 6.08% 3.60%
Pre Tax Income Margin		 6.01% 6.94% 6.77% 7.85% 2.64% 8.64% 7.59% 7.62% -5.36% 8.11% 5.04%
Debt Service Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
EBIT to Interest Expense		 9.82 12.77 13.92 0.00 0.00 18.45 19.09 19.64 9.41 24.09 12.59
NOPAT to Interest Expense		 7.55 9.32 10.21 0.00 0.00 13.57 14.84 14.34 4.96 17.61 8.57
EBIT Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -13.28 -11.10 -12.32 0.00 0.00 -9.95 -13.05 -9.49 -24.40 -15.57 -20.32
NOPAT Less CapEx to Interest Expense		 -15.55 -14.55 -16.03 0.00 0.00 -14.83 -17.30 -14.78 -28.85 -22.04 -24.34
Payout Ratios		 - - - - - - - - - - -
Dividend Payout Ratio		 4.09% 5.50% 6.20% 6.29% 6.07% 5.84% 5.73% 5.82% 10.95% 10.75% 13.07%
Augmented Payout Ratio		 29.84% 36.53% 39.52% 27.80% 119.02% 111.38% 112.90% 120.06% 129.41% 160.77% 171.48%

Key Financial Trends

General Motors (GM) Financial Summary and Trends Analysis (Q2 2022 - Q2 2025)

Analyzing General Motors financials over the past several years reveals the following key points regarding their profitability, cash flow, investments, and balance sheet strength:

  • GM has shown a consistent trend of positive consolidated net income from Q1 2023 through Q2 2025, with Q2 2025 reporting a net income of approximately $1.89 billion, indicating recovery and profitability after a loss in Q4 2024.
  • Operating revenues have increased steadily over the periods, reaching $47.12 billion in Q2 2025 from $43.11 billion in Q4 2022, demonstrating revenue growth.
  • Gross profit margins have remained robust, with total gross profit around $7.83 billion in Q2 2025 compared to about $6.37 billion in Q4 2023, showing improved operational efficiency.
  • Net cash flows from operating activities improved from $4.14 billion in Q4 2024 (during which GM posted a loss) to $6.91 billion in Q2 2025, indicating stronger cash generation capabilities.
  • Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments increased to a combined $29.54 billion in Q2 2025, up from $26.90 billion in Q4 2022, reflecting a solid liquidity position.
  • Total assets grew from approximately $264 billion in Q4 2022 to $289.38 billion in Q2 2025, indicating company growth and asset base expansion.
  • Capital expenditures remain significant, with property, plant, and equipment purchases at $6.52 billion in Q2 2025 and consistently high over recent quarters, reflecting ongoing investments in manufacturing and infrastructure.
  • Long-term debt level increased moderately from about $75.9 billion in Q4 2022 to $97.4 billion in Q2 2025, which may indicate increased leverage but also potential for strategic financing.
  • Q4 2024 showed a sharp decline in profitability with a net loss of approx. $2.87 billion, driven by significant negative other income/expense, potentially related to extraordinary or non-operating items.
  • Repayment of debt and equity repurchases remain sizable cash outflows, particularly notable in Q1 and Q4 2024, which may pressure free cash flow availability in the short term.

Additional Observations:

  • The company maintains solid retained earnings growth, reflecting accumulated profits over the periods.
  • Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) expenses fluctuate but show a controlled margin considering revenue growth.
  • Interest expenses have stayed relatively stable, with net interest income/expense fluctuating but manageable.
  • Dividends per share have gradually increased, illustrating GM’s commitment to returning capital to shareholders with dividends rising from $0.09 to $0.15 per share.
  • Accumulated other comprehensive income has remained negative, indicating some losses in items such as currency translation or pension adjustments affecting equity.

Summary: General Motors has demonstrated resilience with improving net income and cash flow generation after a difficult quarter in late 2024. The company has invested heavily in property, plant & equipment and continues to grow its asset base while managing leverage. Liquidity remains strong with a robust cash position. However, investors should monitor the elevated levels of debt and equity buybacks as well as the effects from negative comprehensive income. Overall, the positive trends in profitability, revenue growth, and cash flow generation suggest an improving financial profile for GM as of Q2 2025.

08/24/25 01:20 PMAI Generated. May Contain Errors.

Frequently Asked Questions About General Motors' Financials

When does General Motors' fiscal year end?

According to the most recent income statement we have on file, General Motors' financial year ends in December. Their financial year 2024 ended on December 31, 2024.

How has General Motors' net income changed over the last 10 years?

General Motors' net income appears to be on an upward trend, with a most recent value of $5.96 billion in 2024, rising from $4.02 billion in 2014. The previous period was $9.84 billion in 2023. View General Motors' forecast to see where analysts expect General Motors to go next.

What is General Motors' operating income?
General Motors' total operating income in 2024 was $12.78 billion, based on the following breakdown:
  • Total Gross Profit: $36.38 billion
  • Total Operating Expenses: $23.59 billion
How has General Motors' revenue changed over the last 10 years?

Over the last 10 years, General Motors' total revenue changed from $155.93 billion in 2014 to $187.44 billion in 2024, a change of 20.2%.

How much debt does General Motors have?

General Motors' total liabilities were at $214.17 billion at the end of 2024, a 4.6% increase from 2023, and a 51.4% increase since 2014.

How much cash does General Motors have?

In the past 10 years, General Motors' cash and equivalents has ranged from $12.57 billion in 2016 to $20.84 billion in 2018, and is currently $19.87 billion as of their latest financial filing in 2024.

How has General Motors' book value per share changed over the last 10 years?

Over the last 10 years, General Motors' book value per share changed from 22.07 in 2014 to 57.36 in 2024, a change of 159.9%.


Related Companies

This page (NYSE:GM) was last updated on 8/24/2025 by MarketBeat.com Staff
From Our Partners
Could This Be the End of Retirement Worries?
Bloomberg reports that a new class of investments is “entering a golden era,” with yields fueling a retail boo...
Investors Alley | Sponsoredtc pixel
Tax Drain Deadline: Protect Your Wealth Before September 15th
On September 15th, the IRS collects another round of quarterly tax payments—targeting self-employed profession...
American Alternative | Sponsoredtc pixel
GENIUS Act: Cancel Your Money?
A new law called the GENIUS Act could quietly trigger the most radical shift in American finance in decades. B...
Priority Gold | Sponsoredtc pixel
Is Elon's empire crumbling?
The Tesla Shock Nobody Sees Coming While headlines scream "Tesla is doomed"... Jeff Brown has uncovered ...
Brownstone Research | Sponsoredtc pixel
Trump’s betrayal exposed
Trump’s Final Reset Inside the shocking plot to re-engineer America’s financial system…and why you need to ...
Porter & Company | Sponsoredtc pixel
Trump’s “new dollar” could shock Americans
"I Made Millions in the Tech Boom. Here's Where I'd Put My Money Today" This man has called some of the big...
Stansberry Research | Sponsoredtc pixel
Here's the last trade you should make before heading out for the weekend tomorrow.
On a quiet Friday afternoon, one trader spotted an overlooked stock. He bought shares. He shut down his ...
Timothy Sykes | Sponsoredtc pixel
Trump’s SHOCKING Plan to Create MASSIVE Wealth for Americans
James Altucher says Donald Trump just made a move so surprising, it could go down as the most lucrative presid...
Paradigm Press | Sponsoredtc pixel