Costco Wholesale Q4 2021 Earnings Call Transcript

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Provided by Quartr
September 22, 2021

Key Takeaways

  • Q4 net income came in at $1.67 B ($3.76 per share), up from $1.39 B ($3.13), with net sales rising 17.5% to $61.44 B and reported comparable sales up 15.5% year-over-year.
  • Membership fee income grew 11.7% to $1.234 B as renewal rates climbed to 91.3% in the U.S. and Canada, and paid households increased by 1.1 M to 61.7 M.
  • E-commerce sales rose 11.2% (8.9% ex-gas/FX), with deliveries via Costco Logistics up 130% and now representing 24% of U.S. e-commerce volume.
  • Rising inflation and supply chain headwinds—including higher freight, labor, and raw material costs—drove a $30 M LIFO charge and price inflation estimates of 3.5–4.5%, prompting cautious price pass-through.
  • Excluding gas inflation, gross margin expanded by 5 bps and SG&A improved 13 bps, helping operating income to increase 18% to $2.275 B and pretax earnings to grow 23% to $2.291 B.
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Earnings Conference Call
Costco Wholesale Q4 2021
00:00 / 00:00

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Operator

Welcome to the fourth quarter earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during that time, you will need to press star one on your telephone. If you require any further assistance, please press star zero. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker for today, Mr. Richard Galanti, CFO. Thank you. Please go ahead.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Thank you, Ann, and good afternoon to everyone. I'll start by stating that these discussions will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events, results, and/or performance to differ materially from those indicated by such statements. The risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those outlined in today's call, as well as other risks identified from time to time in the company's public statements and reports filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the company does not undertake to update these statements except as required by law. In today's press release, we reported operating results for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the 16 weeks ended August 29th.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Reported net income for the quarter came in at $1.67 billion, or $3.76 per share. Last year's fourth quarter net income came in at $1.389 billion, or $3.13 per diluted share. This year's fourth quarter included an $84 million pre-tax, or $0.14 a share charge for the write-off of certain IT assets. Last year's fourth quarter included a $281 million pre-tax charge, or $0.47 a share, of COVID-related costs. As well, it included a $36 million, or $0.06 a share, pre-tax charge related to the debt prepayment of $1.5 billion of debt, partially offset by an $84 million, or $0.15 per share benefit for the partial reversal of a reserve related to a product tax assessment taken in the fiscal year 2019. Net sales for the quarter increased 17.5% to $61.44 billion, up from $52.28 billion a year earlier in the fourth quarter.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Comparable sales for the fourth quarter, as reported an hour ago, for the 16 weeks on a reported basis, the U.S. was 14.9%. Excluding gas, inflation, and FX, the 14.9 would be 10.3% positive. Canada reported 19.5% plus. Ex-gas, inflation, and FX, 6.7%. Other international reported 15%, without gas, inflation, and FX, 7.3%. Total company, 15.5% reported, 9.4% ex-gas, inflation, and FX. E-commerce, by the way, reported was 11.2% positive. Ex-gas, inflation, and FX, or FX, 8.9%. In terms of Q4 comp sales metrics, traffic or shopping frequency increased 9.2% worldwide and 8.8% in the U.S. Our average transaction or basket was up 5.8% worldwide and 5.6% in the U.S. during the fourth quarter. Those numbers including the positive impact from gas inflation and FX.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar positively impact sales by approximately 230 basis points, whereas gasoline price inflation positively impacted sales by approximately 385 basis points. Moving down the income statement to the membership line. Membership fee income for the fourth quarter came in at $1.234 billion in the fourth quarter of 2021. That's up $128 million from the prior year's fourth quarter membership fee income of $1.106 billion. The $128 million represents an 11.7% increase year-over-year. Excluding the benefit from positive FX, the $128 million positive number would've been $107 million positive, or a 9.7% effective increase. In terms of renewal rates, at the fourth quarter end, our U.S. and Canada renewal rate was 91.3%, up three-tenths of a percentage point from 16-week earlier number at Q3 end.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Worldwide renewal rate came in at 88.7%, also up three-tenths of a percentage point from Q3 end 16 weeks earlier. The renewal rates are benefiting, we believe, from more members auto-renewing, as well as increased penetration of executive members who, on average, renew at a higher rate than non-executive members. Our first-year renewal rates have also improved as well during this time. In terms of number of members at Q4 end, member households, and total cardholders. At Q4, the fiscal year-end a few weeks ago, total paid households were 61.7 million. That's up 1.1 million from the $60.6 million figure we shared with you 16 weeks earlier. Total cardholders came in at 111.6 million or 1.8 million higher than the 109.8 we had as of Q3 end. At Q4 end, paid executive members came in at 25.6 million, an increase of a little over 1 million new executive members.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

That's during the 16-week period as well. Moving down to the gross margin line. Our reported gross margin in the fourth quarter was lower year-over-year by 32 basis points, and actually excluding gas deflation, it was higher by 5 basis points. As I usually do, I ask you to jot down two columns of numbers, a little gross margin matrix, if you will. The line items will be core merchandise. Second line item would be ancillary and other businesses. Third line item would be 2% reward. Fourth line item would be LIFO. Last line item would be other, and then finally the last line item would be total. Two columns, the first one being reported year-over-year in the fourth quarter, and the second column excluding gas inflation. Core merchandise on a reported basis was lower year-over-year by 90 basis points.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Ex gas inflation, it was lower -57 basis points. Ancillary and other businesses, +44 on a reported basis and +53 ex gas inflation. 2% reward, +1 basis point and -3 year-over-year on a ex gas inflation. LIFO, -5 and -5 basis points. Other, +18 and +17. If you add up the two columns, you get the total for reported, the 32 basis points that I just mentioned, and again, ex gas inflation +5 basis points. The core merchandise component you see here are lower by 90 year-over-year and lower by 57 ex gas inflation. Similar to last quarter, this is primarily a function of sales shifting from core to ancillary versus the last year as we begin to revert back to more historical sales penetrations.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Recall last year we saw a significant shift of sales out of ancillary and other businesses and into the core. In terms of the core margin on their own sales, in the fourth quarter, the core on core margins were lower by 40 basis points with non-foods slightly up, food and sundries slightly lower year-over-year. Fresh foods was down and was the fundamental driver of the core on core being lower in the quarter. Now fresh foods is lapping exceptional labor productivity and low product spoilage that occurred from the outsized sales a year ago in Q4. We retained some of those productivity gains as volumes have remained high. However, we've also elected to hold, delay, and/or mitigate some of the price increases in this increasingly inflationary environment over the last few months.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Ancillary and other business gross margin, as you see in the chart, in the matrix, was higher by 44 basis points and higher by 53 ex gas inflation in the quarter. Gasoline had a good quarter as we are lapping year-over-year a softer quarter due to the pandemic. We also showed improvement in Food Court, Optical, Travel, all of which were benefited by easy compares versus last year, also due to the impacts of COVID on those businesses. Now LIFO, this is a gross margin charge that we haven't seen in this matrix for about seven years. LIFO was lower by five basis points, both with and without gas inflation. We had a $30 million LIFO charge in the quarter, the first such charge since 2014. This is a result of the continued inflationary cost pressures, which I'll discuss more in a few minutes.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

2% reward, higher by 1 basis point on a reported basis, but more importantly, lower by 3 basis points ex gas inflation, again implying a slightly higher penetration of sales going to the executive member and the associated rewards that come with it. Other is up 18 basis points, up 17 ex gas inflation. This is primarily related to COVID-related costs from a year ago. Moving to SG&A, our reported SG&A in the fourth quarter was lower or better year-over-year by 45 basis points and lower or better by 13 basis points excluding gas inflation. Second matrix of the day, the second columns reported and ex gas inflation and five line items. Operations, second line item central, third line item stock compensation, fourth line item other, total.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

On a reported basis, core operations was lower or better by +19 basis points and ex gas inflation higher by 8 basis points, so a -8 basis point. Central, +12 and +8. Stock compensation, +2 and +2. Other, +12 and +11. Adding up the columns, again, SG&A on a reported basis was better or lower by 45 basis points and lower ex gas inflation by 13. As you can see in the matrix, the core operations component again was lower by 19 and higher by 8, excluding the impact from gas inflation. Keep in mind this result includes the permanent $1 an hour wage increase that we implemented in March of this year. This higher by 8 basis point year-over-year expense result includes the 14 basis point cost of the $1 an hour wage increase.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Central, again, improved by 8 basis point ex gas inflation, and stock compensation also with strong sales and helped by 2 basis points. Now the other of +12 or +11 without gas inflation, so lower by those amount of basis points. Included in other last year was the COVID expense of $217 million, or 42 basis points, and the reversal of a product tax assessment reserve of $84 million, or 16 basis points. This year includes the write-off of the IT assets totaling $84 million or 14 basis points. You add all those up, that's where you get the 11. Next on the income statement is pre-opening. Pre-opening this year was $35 million. Last year, $26 million, so higher by 9.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Pre-opening is up year-over-year in part due to the timing of openings, and given different amount of pre-opening on a given location, both within the quarter and in the following quarter. All told, reported operating income in the fourth quarter increased by 18%, coming in at $2.275 billion this year compared to $1.929 billion a year earlier. Below the operating income line, interest expense was $52 million this year, essentially the same as $51 million a year ago. Interest income and other for the quarter was higher by $77 million year-over-year. Roughly half of that is due to favorable FX, and the other half is related to last year's fourth quarter charge for the make-whole debt prepayment.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Overall reported pre-tax earnings in the fourth quarter of 2021 came in up 23%, coming in at $2.291 billion compared to last year's $1.869 billion. Our tax rate in the fourth quarter was 26.1%, higher than last year's fourth quarter rate of 24.9%. For fiscal 2022, based on our current estimates, which of course can always change, we anticipate that our effective normalized total company tax rate to be similar to fiscal 2021, somewhere in the 26%-27% range. Unless, of course, there are changes to the U.S. corporate tax rates. We'll have to wait and see. A few other items of note, warehouse expansion. For fiscal 2021, which just ended, we opened a net openings of 20. We actually had 22 openings, including two relocations, but a total increase of 20 net units.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

This year, we're looking to open at least 25 net new units, including second warehouses in each of China and France and our first location in New Zealand. As well, we plan to relocate five locations. Regarding capital expenditures, our fourth quarter 2021 spend, capital expenditure was approximately $1.09 billion. Our full-year CapEx spend was $3.59 billion. As I mentioned in last quarter's call, this included a relatively recent $340 million purchase of a distribution facility on the West Coast to support our big and bulky delivery activities. For e-commerce, e-commerce sales in the fourth quarter, ex-FX, increased by 8.9% year-over-year. That's on top of last year's Q4 e-commerce sales increase of 91%. Stronger departments, jewelry. We actually sold a couple of rings in the $100,000 range. Home furnishings was strong, Pharmacy was strong, and sporting goods were strong.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

A couple of other large departments, like majors and electronics, while very good sales, we had really outsized sales a year ago, in the fourth quarter during COVID. Update on Costco Logistics. Logistics continues to drive big and bulky sales. For the quarter, Costco Logistics sales within our delivery was up 130%, and in the quarter represented 24% of all sales on our U.S. e-commerce site. That 24% compares to the 11% of e-commerce sales last year. Mind you, much of that relates to moving things from other third parties to our own internal logistics department. Currently, approximately 7,000-10,000 daily deliveries via Costco Logistics are occurring and continuing to grow. In terms of our e-com app, we have over 10 million downloads. It's continually improving with additional features coming soon.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Digital payment using the Costco credit card, it's in pilot in several locations with full rollout by the middle of next month. The ability to view warehouse receipts online, also next month. More detail on online purchase as well. By October end, an improved mobile site, improved look and feel, a new landing page, and expanded information both for .com use and for enhanced warehouse information. From a supply chain perspective, I want to go back to two things, supply chain and inflation. From a supply chain perspective, the factors pressuring supply chains and inflation include port delays, container shortages, COVID disruptions, shortages on various components, raw materials and ingredients, labor cost pressures, and trucker and driver shortages. Trucks and driver shortages. Anecdotally rather, even on a domestic side, various major brands are requesting longer lead times. In some cases, difficulty in finding drivers and trucks on short notice.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Lead times on ingredients and packaging have been extended in some cases. Planning is crucial, which I feel our people have done a great job with that over the last several months. Also, we're putting some limitations on key items, like bath tissues, roll towels, Kirkland Signature water, high-demand cleaning related SKUs related to the uptick in Delta-related demand. Furniture delays and some shortages have caused traditional rollout times to go from 8-12 weeks up to 16-18 weeks. In some ways, we think that's an advantage. We're selling out, generally, merchandise once it's received within two weeks on most items, and we've ordered more and earlier. Same thing with toys and seasonal. We're bringing in some of the items early. Chip shortages impacting many items, as I mentioned in the last call. Examples of impacted items, computers, tablets, video games, major appliances.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Feeling from the buyers is this will likely extend into 2022. We're ordering as much as we can and getting it in earlier, and I think as evidenced by most recent sales results, we're doing okay with this. In terms of transportation costs, they're increasing. We're reading about it every day. Containers, trucks, and drivers all are impacting the timing of deliveries and higher freight costs. Despite all these issues, we continue to work to mitigate cost increases in a variety of different ways and hold down and/or mitigate our price increases passed on to the members. We've also chartered three ocean vessels for the next year to transport containers between Asia and the U.S. and Canada, and we've leased several thousand containers for use on these ships.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Every ship can carry 800-1,000 containers at a time and will make approximately 10 deliveries during the course of the next year. Moving to inflation. Again, there have been and are a variety of inflationary pressures that we and others are seeing and more of it. As I discussed on last quarter's call, inflationary factors abound. Higher labor costs, higher freight costs, higher transportation demand, along with container shortages and port delays, increased demand in certain product categories, various shortages of everything from computer chips to oils and chemicals, higher commodities prices. It's a lot of fun right now. Some inflationary sound bites, if you will. Price increases on items shipped across the oceans, some suppliers or us paying two to six times for containers and shipping. Price increases of pulp and paper goods, some items up 4%-8%.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

We're trying to mitigate those where we can, and we think we've done a decent job of mitigating some of it. Plastics resin increases on things like trash bags, Ziploc SKUs, pet products, including resin-oriented pet products, plastic cups, plates, plastic wrap, many items up in the 5%-11% range. Metals, again, aluminum foil, mid-single-digit cost increases, and as well as cans for sodas and other beverages. I mentioned commodities earlier, oil, coffee, nuts. They remain generally, according to our buyers, at 5-year highs. Higher import prices on things from Europe like cheeses, the combination of freight and FX. 3%-10% increases on certain, but not all, apparel items. Fresh foods inflation is up in the mid to high single digits, with meat leading the way, up high single to low double digits due to feed, labor, and transportation costs.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I was asked back in March at our second quarter earnings call at what level we felt inflation was running overall on the sell price side. I stated that our best guess at the time was somewhere between 1% and 1.5%. I updated that 16 weeks ago on our May 26th third quarter call, we upped it an estimate to be in the 2.5%-3.5% range. As of today, in talking with our senior merchants, we would estimate overall price inflation of the products we're selling to be in the 3.5%-4.5% range. As I discussed earlier, this inflation was the driver of the $30 million LIFO charge that we took in the quarter.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

All of this said, I feel very good with the job that our merchants, our traffic department, and our operators have all been doing in order to get the products that we need, pivot when and where necessary, and keep our warehouses full while keeping prices as low as we can for our members and continuing to show incredible value versus our competitors. I think this is reflected in our strong reported sales and profits that we've achieved despite challenges and our typical aggressive pricing. Finally, in terms of upcoming releases, we will announce our September sales results for the five weeks ending Sunday, October 3rd, on Wednesday, October 6th after the market close. With that, I will open it up for questions with Ann. Ann, thank you.

Operator

Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star then the number one on your telephone. That's star one on your telephone. To withdraw your question, please press the pound key. We have our first question from the line of Simeon Gutman from Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open.

Simeon Gutman
Simeon Gutman
Analyst at Morgan Stanley

Hey, Richard. My first question is on next fiscal year. I know you don't give a lot in terms of guidance, but wanted to ask if you think, or how should we think about EBIT, whether it grows or not next year. If you don't answer that, I was going to ask if comps grow in fiscal 2022, should EBIT grow?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, on the first question, of course, I can't say. We don't provide guidance. We've always talked about being a top-line company, and that helps a lot of things. Depending on what level of sales, we'll have to wait and see. We do have the dollar increases that started in March that'll anniversary next February, so at the end of Q2 next year. Again, we've shown that even with what we view as holding the line as much as we can on pricing and being pretty aggressive there and taking that into account, we've shown that with strong sales, we can certainly improve the bottom line as well. Fingers crossed.

Simeon Gutman
Simeon Gutman
Analyst at Morgan Stanley

My follow-up, maybe two parts, and one of them is on sales, and then you mentioned the wage increase. On the sales side, is there anything that you're looking at or approaching different? I know extreme value is one angle, but timing of mailers, inventory availability looking better. Is it ancillary that hasn't recovered? What can you do on the top line given how big of a lap? You mentioned the wage increases, and I know you'll lap those in March, but you've seen, I think Amazon and Walmart have moved up. I'm curious, how do you think about, or should we expect another increase in terms of wages?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Sure. Well, first of all, as it relates to all the anecdotal comments I made about supply chain and inflation, I think overall, we feel that we're doing a heck of a job in that stuff. I think some of the advantage we have is that we certainly have the financial ability to bring in things early or to order early and to mitigate whatever delay may have occurred. We certainly have the space to keep some of this stuff, most particularly because of our Costco Logistics acquisition a year ago too, additional storage space, if you will. Not that we're having an issue with that because it's turning pretty fast. The fact that we're able to pivot. We're bringing in new items. We're bringing in items off-season. For Christmas, pre-COVID, it was toys and trim a home and electronics.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Today, it's all those things plus things for the house from barbecue grills to even summer items, anything you can get your hands on. Again, I think we've done a very good job of adding suppliers where we can. Also making sure we're coming up with new items and being creative and innovative even on the food and sundry side. I think from that standpoint, despite sometimes looking at each other, the merchants and the traffic people and everything just saying, "Boy, when is this going to end?" The fact is, I think we're doing a very good job with that. From an inventory standpoint, I think for those of you who, and several of you do go in and visit our locations on a random basis, they're full. They look good compared to some of the pictures we see from others sometimes.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I feel from that standpoint, we have a good issue. With inflation, to the extent that there's permanent inflationary items like freight costs or even somewhat permanent for the next year, we can't hold onto all those. Some of that has to be passed on, and it is being passed on. We're pragmatic about it, but we recognize that since things have been so successful and our sales have been strong, we can hold the line on some of those things and do a little better job, or hopefully do a better job than some of our competitors have and be even that more extreme in the value. I think all those things so far, at least despite the challenges, have worked in our favor a little bit.

Simeon Gutman
Simeon Gutman
Analyst at Morgan Stanley

Okay. Thanks, Richard.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Michael Lasser from UBS. Your line is now open.

Michael Lasser
Michael Lasser
Analyst at UBS

Good evening. Thanks a lot for taking my question, Richard. In the past, what you've said is that Costco's profitability tends to draft off the profitability of the overall retail sector. In the last year and a half, the profitability of the overall retail sector has moved nicely higher. Costco's profitability, its margins have moved nicely higher. Do you view this as sustainable?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, first of all, let me finish. Simeon had one other question on wages. Let me just respond to that. Look, we're known for always wanting to have the best wage package and benefits package and take care of our employees package out there in big retail and big boxes and all forms of big retail. We raised our starting wage to that $16 and $16.50 of late. Mind you, our average hourly wage is, I think in the U.S., is slightly north of $24, with a very healthy employee benefit plan. We'll do whatever it takes to continue that model and who knows when and where, but we feel pretty good about where we are.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

As many of you on the call know, irrespective of what's going on with our company in terms of strong sales or weak sales, we're going to do what's right by our employees. Michael, I'm sorry, now go back to your question.

Michael Lasser
Michael Lasser
Analyst at UBS

The question was, we've seen an improvement in profitability across retail that tends to influence the profitability or the profit margins of Costco. Do you view this improvement to your profit margin as sustainable from here?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Okay. Well, look, I think the anomaly over the last one and a half years has been that when a lot of big boxes or big retailers were enjoying comps pre-COVID in the, I'll call it the 2%-4% range or the 2%-5% range, and we were enjoying 5s, 6s, and 7s. Now we've been enjoying mid-teens or effectively, low to mid-teens. We've taken some market share from others. We think that some of that will stick, and we hope it will stick, and we feel pretty good right now about what we've done and what we've accomplished. To the extent that we can generate greater than industry average comps, and that they don't have to be in the low to mid-teens, they could still be in the mid to high singles, that we should continue to improve.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Again, I get back to the comment that has been reinforced internally from the beginning of time, we are a top-line company, and everything else will take care of itself.

Michael Lasser
Michael Lasser
Analyst at UBS

Got it. My second question's on your gross margin. There's a lot of moving pieces as there are a lot of moving pieces with everything that's happening with Costco right now. Specifically, you're giving back some of the core-on-core gross margin gains that you experienced from really strong fresh sales last year. On the other hand, your ancillary businesses are doing really well. Is that dynamic where you're making up for the pressure on the fresh with strong ancillary, is that sustainable? As part of that, the perception is that Costco tends to raise prices at a slower rate than others in the retail landscape, which tends to pressure its margins as inflation is heating up. What would be different this time to make that not happen? Thank you.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, I think your first part of your question, I think tells part of the tale is, there's so many moving parts. If you look at gasoline, which is 10%+ of our sales, it's a huge business which can have huge variations of gross margin. Knock on wood, always profitable, but it's still quite a range of gross margin. That's more reflective of what's going on with competition in the retail gasoline market. We feel that sometimes other large retailers of gasoline are looking to make a little more, which gives us the ability to be quite profitable but still show an even bigger savings. There's lots of puts and takes. Certainly from last year, I think there was roughly a 16-week period where our Optical and our hearing aid centers were outright closed.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Travel went to literally having negative revenue because it was not having new business, and it was refunding previously booked business at the trough of COVID. There's those kind of anomalies. Again, I get back to thinking that due to the unfortunate thing called COVID, some businesses have benefited in the sense that we were essential, in the sense that our cavernous places, we feel that people felt comfortable coming in to the extent that we are able, merchandise-wide, to have pivoted and notwithstanding supply chain issues, maintain exciting full warehouses of merchandise. I think those are the things that help us.

Michael Lasser
Michael Lasser
Analyst at UBS

Okay. Thank you very much, Richard.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Chuck Grom from Gordon Haskett. Your line is now open.

Chuck Grom
Chuck Grom
Analyst at Gordon Haskett

Hey, thanks. Richard, if inflation stays up in that 3.5%-4.5% range over the next two quarters, would you expect that LIFO charge to be about $30 million per quarter? Could we adjust it per week? Years ago, you used to have that charge every quarter or sometimes a credit. Just wondering how we handle that from here.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yeah. It's hard to say. I wouldn't just say it's that much based on that. It really depends. Mind you, we've enjoyed a number of years of effectively very little, if any, or no LIFO, or eating into a previous LIFO credit five and six years ago. If there's consistent inflation going forward for the next two, three, four quarters, you're going to also see some price increases to those customers. I say some, there's been some already, but in our view, there's less than we could have done. That'll continue. I think the more consistent inflation, if inflation rates stayed at this level, and we don't know that, but if it did stay at this level, even with a LIFO charge, in some ways, it'll be offset by price increases.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

Also, if it stays at this level based on.

Chuck Grom
Chuck Grom
Analyst at Gordon Haskett

Okay. Great. Thanks. I just didn't know if you had a follow-up there. On the labor front, I'm curious if you guys have observed any increase in applications in the roughly 20 states that ended unemployment benefits on September 1st. A number of companies have spoken to a big increase in job applications recently.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I haven't asked and I don't know the answer to that. It makes sense.

Chuck Grom
Chuck Grom
Analyst at Gordon Haskett

Okay. All right. Good luck. Thanks.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Thanks.

Operator

Thank you. Next question comes from the line of Karen Short from Barclays. Your line is now open.

Karen Short
Karen Short
Analyst at Barclays

Hi. Thanks very much. I just want to clarify one thing on that last line of questioning. In terms of the LIFO charge, was this $30 million a catch-up for the whole year, or was that something that was reflective of the quarter itself? That then speaks to the run rate.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

It's the quarter. It's basically, if you take your cost silos of inventory, and what was it at Q3 end and what is it now at Q4 end.

Karen Short
Karen Short
Analyst at Barclays

I guess, obviously, as you listed all these different pressure points on pricing, I guess my bigger picture question is how do you think about the membership fee structure in general? Does all these pressures on, I guess, your business, but also on the consumer from an inflationary standpoint, make you more likely, less likely, or how does it impact your membership fee increase decision process?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

What we've said over the years is that certainly we look at our gross profit as a combination of a gross margin plus a membership fee. We really don't look at it together in that way that, hey, if we do something with the membership fee, we could be more aggressive on pricing. I remember years ago, somebody had asked when the economy had softened and our comps had weakened a little bit, and we were coming up on kind of that fifth anniversary-ish of a pending increase, and somebody said, "Given the economy's weak and your sales have weakened a little bit," still a positive number, but weakened a little bit, "would you still do it?" The response at the time was, more likely we'd do it because that's what we do. We could drive lower prices with it and drive more business.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

We look at the loyalty, and certainly the loyalty and renewal rates have been up.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

The answer is we're looking at about 100.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, Karen, honestly, we're still a ways away from anniversary-ing the last fifth plus year anniversary of the last increase. We're a little ways from thinking about it.

Karen Short
Karen Short
Analyst at Barclays

Okay. Then just we had a conference today with some large-cap names that kind of indicated that their new view on what their actual cash balance should be going forward relative to pre-pandemic had actually increased. Wondering if you could just talk about your perspective on what you think the right sustainable cash balance could be, because obviously you're still sitting on a pretty hefty excess cash balance now.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

We've always been considered to have more cash and have a more conservative balance sheet. I think if the world is saying that they think that it should be going up more, I don't think we've thought about it going up more. In fact, when we did the capital raise in April of 2020, it related specifically to what was the worst case of COVID. Once six months later, we saw that we didn't need it, we promptly gave it back to our shareholders, and then a little. I think the other anomaly has been is we've been blessed with a very good fiscal year, the last year and a half in terms of net income and operating cash flow relative to our CapEx, our regular dividend, and the other special, let's say, that kind of offset that debt we did.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

At the end of the day, I don't see us changing our MO in that at this point.

Karen Short
Karen Short
Analyst at Barclays

Great. Thanks very much.

Operator

Thank you. Next question comes from the line of Chris Horvers from JPMorgan. Your line is now open.

Christopher Horvers
Christopher Horvers
Analyst at JPMorgan

Thanks. I'll just take a bite at the pricing apple. I guess if I'm interpreting what you're saying, is it basically because these pressures seem more structural in nature and because the demand environment is so good, you feel less compelled to be more aggressive on price, and if the environment slows, then that could change your calculus?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

It's really all about the value proposition. If anything, I think from the outside, people would look at us relative to other retailers and saying we've been more aggressive on holding prices than others. At least that's how we feel. We have to be pragmatic, as these things are permanent and consistent. You've got to raise the price. We can't be completely noble here. We feel that if anything, that moat has probably widened a little bit for us, and that's great. We like wider moats.

Christopher Horvers
Christopher Horvers
Analyst at JPMorgan

The third variable being that others are raising prices faster than you, so the price gaps have widened.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

That's our view, that's our buyer's view, but we're looking at it really at us. Frankly, given how strong it's been, in our DNA, we hate raising prices. We want to be the last to raise it and the first to lower it. It's in our DNA. Not even putting on shades on the side and not even looking at others, we're looking at how do we drive our own business. We know that being the best value out there and having great merchandise and all that other wonderful stuff is how you do it. As we've seen such strength in our numbers, and then as we've encountered rising levels of inflation, where can we hold the price on some things? That's what we do. It's an art form more than a science, but it seems to work for us.

Christopher Horvers
Christopher Horvers
Analyst at JPMorgan

For sure. My second question is on the membership fee, MFI growth, ex the FX benefit that you've seen. That number has accelerated the past two quarters. Given that the accounting of this is over a 12-month basis, you have a view, you have some inkling on what that growth could be as you look forward. Higher renewal rates, obviously taking a ton of share. Should all else equal that level, again, MFI growth ex FX, continue to accelerate?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, the big answer is we hope so. The fact that we're opening more units in 2021 than we did in 2020 is a positive. The fact that there's several international units, which tend to have higher growth rates, the fact that auto renew is kind of a freebie in the sense that more people signing up and putting a credit card in their application, or more importantly, signing up for the Citi Visa card, that helps you a little bit. Driving executive membership. Driving executive member. More people today, for every 100 people signing up today, I think a little over half, I don't have an exact number, sign up as an executive member. I remember six, seven years ago, eight years ago, it was half that percentage. These are rough numbers, don't hold me to them.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

At the end of the day, Executive Members, by its definition, have higher renewal rates. They shop more frequently, they buy more stuff. All that stuff, those are all good factors for us.

Christopher Horvers
Christopher Horvers
Analyst at JPMorgan

Just one quick last one. Have you shared the percentage of your membership in the U.S. that have the Citibank private label card?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I don't think we have.

Christopher Horvers
Christopher Horvers
Analyst at JPMorgan

Okay, thanks. Best of luck.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

By the way, before the next question, somebody checked. We have seen a recent increase in applications in the last couple of weeks. I think Chuck asked that. Okay?

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Paul Lejuez from Citi. Your line is now open.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Hey, everyone. This is Brandon Cheatham on for Paul. I'm going to take a stab at the membership question as well. You have some great membership statistics. It sounds like you're offering great value in the club. I was wondering, are you thinking about not investing as much in the new member promotions? Anything that you could talk on there. Has that looked similar to last year? Has that increased?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

No. When you say member promotions, what do you mean?

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

I think right now you're offering $40 Costco Cash Card if you sign up.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Marketing. Oh, marketing. Okay. Yeah, we do a variety of things, on not a huge basis, but we try some things. In the last few years, we've done some things with Groupon and with, what other one? LivingSocial. We've done some things like you've mentioned. Those, I'd say they're on a regular, irregular basis, and we try different things all the time. No, I think that's really frankly, independent of looking at the membership fee itself. It's really about how do we drive memberships and what is the incremental cost? What is the true cost of acquiring a new member, other than waiting for them to go online or walk into the warehouse to sign up themselves? We're always trying some new things.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Got it. You mentioned your own chartered ships. I was just wondering, what percentage of your shipping would that represent next year?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Less than 20%.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Less than 20. Got it.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yeah. Less than 20% of our Asia shipping.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Got it. Okay. Last one for me. On the e-comm side, I was just wondering, your customer that shops there, do they visit the store as frequently as a member that doesn't shop online?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I don't know that off the top of my head. I don't have all the specific statistics in front of us. All the charts that we look at keep going in the right direction, number of people that bought online, percentage of members, the hit rate when we do something on an email to get people to do something online.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

I think what we do know is when you shop online and in the warehouse, you typically shop maybe a few less times in the warehouse, but you overall spend more.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

What Bob has mentioned, thank you, Bob, is that if you take a regular loyal member and when they do start shopping online, they may shop a few times less in store, but the aggregate of the two is greater than their historical.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Got it.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Which makes sense. The other thing there is that online, while we're constantly putting on what I'll call greater frequency traffic building items or velocity items like apparel and health and beauty aids and things like that, the fact of the matter is, more and more big and bulky items are bought online. Years ago, if you wanted to buy a mattress or a refrigerator, you had to go buy it and pick it up and take it home. We didn't deliver, we didn't install. That's, of course, changed in the last many years, and we have an appliance business in the U.S. that's well over $1 billion and growing fast. It continues to grow fast, helped by the Costco Logistics. That changes the metric a little bit, too.

Brandon Cheatham
Brandon Cheatham
Analyst at Citi

Great. Thanks for the additional color.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mike Baker from Davidson. Your line is now open.

Mike Baker
Mike Baker
Analyst at Davidson

Hi, thanks. Two questions from me. One, you did allude to the Delta variant and having to limit some product in areas where we've seen higher cases. Could you just sort of talk about overall different trends that you might be seeing in areas that are seeing bigger spikes in the new COVID variant versus others?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I don't know. I don't have in front of me any detail by region in that regard. What I do know is, like everything right now, it's all over the board. We were talking, I forget what cleaning supply it was, whether it was Clorox or Lysol or some type of antibacterial wipe or whatever it was, but a year ago, there was a shortage of merchandise. Now they've got plenty of merchandise, but there's two- or three-week delays on getting it delivered because there's a limit on short-term changes to trucking and delivery needs of the suppliers. It really is all over the board.

Mike Baker
Mike Baker
Analyst at Davidson

Maybe as part of that, are you seeing anything in terms of the travel trends, which I know are coming back really strong as of last quarter?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yes.

Mike Baker
Mike Baker
Analyst at Davidson

Has Delta reverted that at all?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yes. If you looked at the chart, which went down, so it said last summer or last spring, it was negative. More refunds than new things being booked. It really got back to almost normal. I'm talking about bookings of resort vacations, like to Hawaii and to Mexico and things like that. Just one month ago, month and a half, two months ago, at the monthly budget meeting, the charts were showing it was almost back to where it was pre-COVID. Then it fell like a rock. Not as bad as it was at its trough last spring, but it's certainly come down. Cars not hit as bad. That'll fluctuate based on, again, what's going on out there.

Mike Baker
Mike Baker
Analyst at Davidson

Yep. That all makes sense. One more quick one. That was one question in two parts. Can you update us on the curbside pickup test that you were running in New Mexico? I think as of last time we spoke, it was in three stores.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Right. We're currently not doing it. We discontinued it for now. We'll try some new things somewhere, sometime, but at this point, we got a lot of good things going on, and we really didn't see a lot of traction in it.

Mike Baker
Mike Baker
Analyst at Davidson

Interesting. Thanks for that color. Appreciate the time.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Rupesh Parikh from Oppenheimer. Your line is now open.

Rupesh Parikh
Rupesh Parikh
Analyst at Oppenheimer

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess just going back to the core margin. It sounded like at least this past quarter, on the fresh side, you guys delayed passing through some of the price increases. As you look at non-foods versus your foods categories, is it generally easier to pass through on the non-food side versus the food side?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I wouldn't say that. I think food, fresh, it turns so fast. It turns more than 50 times a year, or whatever. When you've got a hot price on strip steaks or keeping the rotisserie chicken at $4.99, that's going to impact you a little faster.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

We're not going to change the price of muffins every week.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yeah, the comment here is that we're not going to change the price of muffins every week. We'll take a little less margin on some items. I think it's all over the board. At the end of the day, it's an art form, not a science, or not a straight across, we're going to do this much on every item.

Rupesh Parikh
Rupesh Parikh
Analyst at Oppenheimer

Okay, great. Second question, just as you look at your service business, Optical, Food Court, et cetera, where are we versus where you were pre-pandemic? Have those businesses fully recovered at this point?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Mostly, yeah. Pharmacy and Optical have. Food Courts have come back.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

Hearing aids, getting there.

Rupesh Parikh
Rupesh Parikh
Analyst at Oppenheimer

Oh, hearing aids, not quite yet, but much better than it was at its trough.

Bob Nelson
Bob Nelson
SVP of Finance and Investor Relations at Costco Wholesale

I'd say travel.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Travel is lots of fun based on what's going on with COVID.

Rupesh Parikh
Rupesh Parikh
Analyst at Oppenheimer

Okay, great. One final question. I may have missed this in your prepared comments. Did you guys give a forecast for CapEx for the upcoming fiscal year?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

No. It'll have a three in front of it.

Rupesh Parikh
Rupesh Parikh
Analyst at Oppenheimer

Okay. Thank you. Best of luck with the balance of the year.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Okay.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of John Heinbockel from Guggenheim. Your line is now open.

John Heinbockel
John Heinbockel
Analyst at Guggenheim

Richard, you said it's an art, not a science. I'm curious where you guys sit on data science and analytics around price elasticity, one, and two, personalization of the monthly mailer or monthly emails. Where are we on that journey?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

As it relates to pricing and elasticity, I think if we were considered the best company in the world with data analytics, we would still not use it for price elasticity. We're going to do what we do as merchants and look at competitive prices and see how low we can mark something up. The old saying from years ago, we want to improve margins and lower prices at the same time by buying better and doing those things. I don't see that happening at all. As it relates to the other aspect of that's coming. We made a big investment in what I'll call data analytics for us because we went from darn near zero to something, brought on a VP of data analytics a year ago March. There's been a lot of progress.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

A lot of focus to date has been on the merchandising side, providing better tools to buy and to project and things like that. I think you'll see more of that over the next year, but again, we're getting there. I always look at it as some of the things that others are doing that will help. It's low-hanging fruit for us because we haven't done it yet, but we'll keep going. That's where a lot of the data analytic function to date in this past year as we built a department around it has been just that.

John Heinbockel
John Heinbockel
Analyst at Guggenheim

Maybe secondly, one of the things you guys have been known for is seasonally getting in and out before everybody else. Do you lean into that in an environment where it's hard to chase product, get it in early, people buy it, and they're done for the season? Do you lean into that more in terms where you can, more inventory, get it in the club, or is there a limitation, because you've got to transition from one season to the next?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

I think there's a little bit of both. There's a little bit of taking it where you can get it right now. Certainly, we're consciously bringing in, I think I mentioned on even, what was it, furniture, where the cycle has gone from 12 and 14 weeks to 16 and 18. We're bringing it in early. Certainly on seasonal things, we'll do that on some items. It's a mixed bag just because we're pivoting and blocking and tackling in 12 different directions like everybody.

John Heinbockel
John Heinbockel
Analyst at Guggenheim

Okay. Thank you.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yeah. We have time for one last question.

Operator

Thank you. Our last question comes from the line of Kelly Bania from BMO Capital.

Kelly Bania
Kelly Bania
Analyst at BMO Capital

Hi. Thanks for fitting me in, Richard. Just wanted to ask one more on the inflation. You mentioned the three and a half to four and a half range. Just want to clarify that. Is retail inflation? Just curious what your cost inflation is and just trying to get a sense of how much you're absorbing? Maybe if you can just provide some examples of how Costco and the merchants are mitigating some of the pressures.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Yeah, it's both. I'm sorry, what? Yeah. Margins have generally stayed the same. We gave you some examples on the fresh food side where it's changed and why. Generally speaking, I think there's, again, a lot of moving parts, and we continue to figure out how to balance it.

Kelly Bania
Kelly Bania
Analyst at BMO Capital

Any examples you want to provide about how you're mitigating some of the pressures?

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Not on a specific product example, but the fact is, one, we've got strong relationships and good buying power with our vendors. When we're eating a little bit into something, we're asking, in some cases, for them to eat a little bit into it. During these times, we're constantly figuring out where are there any cost savings to offset some of the cost increases, whether it's packaging or whatever it might be. I think one of the things that helps us is that we're worrying about managing 3,800 items, not 100,000 items or 50,000 items. That's helped us. Yeah. There are times where we'll be pivoting in and out of items for that reason also. Sorry to be vague, but it really is, there's just so many different things out there.

Kelly Bania
Kelly Bania
Analyst at BMO Capital

All right. Thank you.

Richard Galanti
Richard Galanti
CFO at Costco Wholesale

Well, thank you everyone. We'll be around for any additional questions, and have a good week, and talk to you next time.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.

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