As of the most recent reporting period, the following institutional investors, funds, and major shareholders have reported short positions of American Express: SG Americas Securities LLC, Marathon Trading Investment Management LLC, Credit Industriel ET Commercial, Mirae Asset Securities USA Inc., Wolverine Asset Management LLC, Allianz Asset Management GmbH, Credit Industriel ET Commercial, IMC Chicago LLC, Quaker Wealth Management LLC, Jane Street Group LLC, Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Parallax Volatility Advisers L.P., Millennium Management LLC, CMT Capital Markets Trading GmbH, Capital Markets Trading UK LLP, Cubist Systematic Strategies LLC, Nomura Holdings Inc., Susquehanna International Group LLP, BNP Paribas Financial Markets, Bayview Asset Management LLC, Eisler Capital Management Ltd., PEAK6 LLC, Jane Street Group LLC, Walleye Trading LLC, Walleye Capital LLC, Groupe la Francaise, Capital Fund Management S.A., Maven Securities LTD, Marathon Trading Investment Management LLC, Arrowpoint Investment Partners Singapore Pte. Ltd., HighTower Advisors LLC, Simplex Trading LLC, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Wolverine Asset Management LLC, Citigroup Inc., and XY Capital Ltd. These positions are disclosed in Form 13F filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.